Wings of Change Angola’s new international airport becomes a symbol of high-quality cooperation under the BRI

The new Dr.Antonio Agost inho Neto International Airport(AIAAN)infrastructure project is valued at around$3 billion.The project was fully funded by the Angolan government as a public investment,with lending from the Chinese government for the airport construction.China National Aero-Technology International Engineering Corp,the key construction subsidiary of AVIC International Holding,is the contractor for the project.

Improved Ant Colony Algorithm for Vehicle Scheduling Problem in Airport Ground Service Support

Support vehicles are part of the main body of airport ground operations,and their scheduling efficiency directly impacts flight delays.A mathematical model is constructed and the responsiveness of support vehicles for current operational demands is proposed to study optimization algorithms for vehicle scheduling.The model is based on the constraint relationship of the initial operation time,time window,and gate position distribution,which gives an improvement to the ant colony algorithm(ACO).The impacts of the improved ACO as used for support vehicle optimization are compared and analyzed.The results show that the scheduling scheme of refueling trucks based on the improved ACO can reduce flight delays caused by refueling operations by 56.87%,indicating the improved ACO can improve support vehicle scheduling.Besides,the improved ACO can jump out of local optima,which can balance the working time of refueling trucks.This research optimizes the scheduling scheme of support vehicles under the existing conditions of airports,which has practical significance to fully utilize ground service resources,improve the efficiency of airport ground operations,and effectively reduce flight delays caused by ground service support.

Internet of Things Supported Airport Boarding System and Evaluation with Fuzzy

The existing systems sustained with the investments made require more automation and digital transformation with the continuous advancement of tech-nology.The aviation industry is a sector that is open to more automation and digi-tal transformation,mainly because of the intense competition and the analysis of a large variety of data.The long duration of operations in current airline processes and some processflows cause customer dissatisfaction and cost increase.In this study,the boarding process,which is one of the operational processes of airline transportation and is open to improvement,was discussed.The classical boarding process has been redesigned using Internet of Things technology a model called Boarding 4.0 was created.With Boarding 4.0,it is aimed to design a process where passengers can take their time before boarding more efficiently.In the study,the sub-processes of the Boarding 4.0 model,other processes that the sub-processes interact with,their activities,and data exchange passenger move-ments during the activities are explained in detail.Compared to the classical boarding process and Boarding 4.0 with the fuzzy ahp technique,it has been shown that boarding 4.0 is more advantageous and passenger movement times can be reduced during boarding.As a result of the evaluation made with the fuzzy ahp,it was determined that boarding 4.0 is more advantageous than the classical boarding process.In addition,when the total time of the sub-activities in the board-ing process is calculated,boarding activities for a passenger take 50 min with the classic boarding process and 20 min with Boarding 4.0.Thus,when Boarding 4.0 is used,the passenger gains 30 min.Furthermore,when the calculation is made concerning the airport’s current capacity,two passengers are hosted with the clas-sical boarding process,whilefive passengers are hosted with Boarding 4.0.This acquisition is significant for airports in terms of efficient use of resources.

临空经济对区域创新的结构性影响研究

临空经济在引导区域发展模式向创新驱动型转变中发挥着重要作用,以其独特的“技术—制度—产业—空间”属性,通过技术支撑、制度安排、产业延伸、空间极核等新的范式结构,为区域创新发展提供跃升条件。发展临空经济,能提升城市通达度和交通枢纽地位,影响城市创新层级;缩小城市间知识密集型服务业的差距,使城市群向创新多中心空间结构演化;为区域创新发展提供集聚与扩散叠加动力、制度创新变迁动力、政府与市场双向互动激活动力、中心极核与外围互补引领协同动力,影响区域创新的动力结构。各级政府应高度重视临空经济区在改革创新、先行先试中的引领作用,完善现代综合交通运输体系,差异化构建跨空间创新协作网络,促进创新要素流动和知识溢出,激发临空经济在区域创新中的功能。

Analysis of Continuous Thunderstorm in One Week at Qingdao Airport Based on Sounding Data

Continuous thunderstorm occurring at Qingdao Airport in China from August 7 to 13,2022 was analyzed based on sounding data.The weather was divided into thunderstorm gale,thunderstorm and heavy precipitation,and some physical quantities and time variables which can effectively identify severe convective weather types were preliminarily obtained.The results show that CAPE was sensitive to different types of weather,but the uncertainty was relatively large.Convective temperature T_(CON),temperature difference between 500 and 850 hPa,and vertical wind shear can distinguish thunderstorm gale,thunderstorm and heavy precipitation weather obviously.Besides,K index,Showalter index,θ_(se) difference between 500 and 850 hPa were also important basis to distinguish thunderstorm and heavy precipitation weather.Thunderstorm gale can be distinguished by the 24-hour variations of K index,and the difference of dew point between 500 and 850 hPa.The 24-hour variations of(T-T_(d))_(500) and vertical wind shear can be used to distinguish between heavy precipitation and thunderstorm weather;the 24-hour variation of stratification stability Δθ_(se) can distinguish the three kinds of weather well.For the wind field,the existence of vertical wind shear was required for strong convective weather,and the 24-hour increment of thunderstorm gale and thunderstorm was larger than that of heavy precipitation.

Assessment of the Impacts of Thunderstorm on Flight Operations at Murtala Mohammed International Airport,Ikeja,Lagos State,Nigeria

The inefficiency of the aviation industry and the persistent rise in aviation hazards have been linked to weather phenomena.As a result,researchers are looking for better solutions to the problem.The study examined the impact of thunderstorms on flight operations at Murtala Mohammed International Airport,Lagos.The data on thunderstorms and flight operations were sourced from Nigerian Meteorological Agency(NiMet)and Nigerian Airspace Management Agency(NAMA)respectively.In order to meet the research target,descriptive statistics(mean,standard deviation,and charts)and inferential statistics(Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation(PPMC)and Regression)were used.The significance level for all inferential analyses was set at 5%(0.05).The study revealed that 77.4%of thunderstorms occurred during the rainy season(April-October)while 22.6%occurred during the dry season(November-March).It also revealed some fluctuating movements of a thunderstorm in the study area.According to the findings,thunderstorms occur most frequently at the airport in June and less frequently in January and December.The study also discovered that thunderstorms at the airport are positively and significantly related to flight delays and cancellations,while the association between flight diversions and thunderstorm occurrence is positive but statistically insignificant.Furthermore,flight delays,flight diversions,and flight cancellations interact positively among themselves.The regression result of the study revealed that a 1%increase in thunderstorm occurrence leads to a 19.4%increase in flight delay,a 7.1%increase in flight cancellation,and a 4.3%increase in flight diversion.As a result,the study presented various regression models that may be utilized to make predictions.The study proposes consistent thunderstorm observation at the airport and steady forecasts using the regression models,based on the findings.However,it further recommends that pilots,air traffic controllers,and meteorologists be trained and retrained so that they can provide better and more efficient services.

New International Airport Launched

Angolan President Joao Lourenco offcially opened the new Dr.Antonio Agostinho Neto International Airport at an opening ceremony here on 10 November,launching the airport’s cargo operations.Lourenco expressed his gratitude for all the project’s builders,including the Chinese contractor,China National Aerotechnology International Engineering Corp.

基于多目标狼群算法的机场行李导入系统仿真优化研究

针对民航机场行李导入系统运行过程中旅客行李注入等待时间长、系统能耗高等问题,综合考虑虚拟视窗控制方式、收集带式输送机运行速度、虚拟视窗长度及同时开放值机柜台数量等关键控制参数对机场行李导入系统运行效率的影响,提出一种求解该问题的仿真优化框架。通过分析机场行李导入系统实际运行工况,建立参数化仿真优化模型。以最小化旅客行李注入平均等待时间和系统能耗为优化目标,结合系统设计和运行过程中的实际约束条件,建立该问题的数学模型,并设计了一种多目标自适应并行狼群算法进行求解。该算法针对所提问题特性及经典狼群算法易陷入局部最优和收敛速度慢等不足,提出一种混合整实数单链编码方式,融合反向学习策略生成初始种群,引入自适应游走概率机制和智能行为并行机制,采用局部和全局自适应邻域搜索及启发式保优策略实现狼群算法智能行为搜索,使用Pareto非支配排序进行寻优迭代并获得最优解集。以国内某大型国际航空枢纽机场行李导入系统为例设计不同规模多种算法对比实验,验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性。

机场飞行区多层异质链序风险传播模型研究

为探究机场飞行区风险发生机制及风险传播特性,增强机场飞行区安全管控能力,采用复杂网络理论,依据风险致因间的因果链序关系,构建多层异质网络风险传播模型。采用多层次因果图(AcciMap)理论分析机场飞行区运行风险传播的致因链;基于风险致因特征构建3层异质风险传播网络并根据网络特征设计概率-触发传播模型、容量-阻抗传播模型、容量-负荷传播模型;利用复杂网络理论设计风险传播评价指标,对风险网络传播特征进行分析。结果表明:多层风险网络中节点风险传播能力与节点度弱相关,节点风险灵敏指数可提升风险节点排序准确性;对风险灵敏度指数排序前15%的节点进行风险控制,可有效降低风险扩散近32%;网络风险传播结构存在高连通和松散状态,对风险扩散指数排序前15%的节点进行控制,可以有效降低网络结构鲁棒性指数使风险网络结构由高连通进入到松散状态;所建模型可有效识别风险扩散过程并进行精准控制,以提升机场飞行区风险控制水平。

京津多机场系统容量损失影响分析

全球范围内多机场系统数量和规模都在不断增长。由于终端区内有限资源的限制,邻近机场的运行存在一定的相关性,这导致多机场系统运行效率低下。为了估计多机场运行产生的限制,以北京终端区为例提出一种统计分析框架对多机场系统的容量损失进行整体分析。首先,根据理论容量模型分别计算出北京终端区各机场的理论容量,并进一步确定各机场独立运行下的实际容量;其次,以北京终端区的历史运行数据为基础,估计出3个机场及终端区系统的具有鲁棒性的Pareto容量包络曲线;最后,基于独立运行容量与相关运行容量量化出终端区各机场及多机场系统的实际容量损失。为进一步提高多机场终端区的运行效率提供建议与参考。

台风-浪-流耦合作用超大浮体水弹性响应分析方法

海上机场超大浮体结构在台风等极端海洋环境下的动态响应准确预测是保障其安全性能的关键前提,其难点在于准确构建中/小尺度复杂流场与浮体结构的流固耦合计算模型。本文提出了一种基于中/小尺度嵌套的海上机场超大浮体水弹性响应分析方法,二次开发实现了台风-浪-流耦合模拟,分析了超强台风“莫兰蒂”途经海上机场超大浮体全过程台风-浪-流时空演变规律;采用中/小尺度流场嵌套技术计算水动力和气动力,代入结构动力学方程进行双向迭代解耦求解;通过算例分析了台风-浪-流耦合作用下浮体结构水弹性响应及影响机制。研究表明:本文提出的方法能够有效地预测此类极端环境下超大浮体结构水弹性响应。

机场道面水平钻孔注浆材料的制备与性能研究

为满足机场不停航施工道面下基层水平注浆工程对材料的需求,开展了复合硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥复配试验。制备出符合施工要求的硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐复合水泥砂浆,并使用维卡仪、截锥圆模、压力试验机等设备研究了材料的凝结时间、流动性、1d抗压强度等。结果表明:硫铝酸盐水泥掺加比例越高,凝结时间越短;水灰比及减水剂掺量对流动性影响较大,同时对其他性能有一定影响。在确认最佳配合比时,经圆柱体强度试件模拟的钻孔注浆和现场试验段重锤式弯沉仪及探地雷达实测结果表明:复合水泥砂浆具有良好的工作性能,道面强度及结构恢复至钻孔前水平,能满足机场不停航施工要求。

道面平整度对湿滑道面-飞机轮胎相互作用影响分析

湿滑条件下,跑道不平整使积水厚度随道面起伏而变化,影响飞机起降安全。因此,引入国际平整度指数(international roughness index,IRI),搭建基于IRI的轮胎-积水-道面有限元模型,通过仿真模拟,分析不同IRI的道面对飞机临界滑水速度的影响;结合IRI,对比不同飞机轮胎速度、积水厚度条件下道面视摩擦因数较平整道面的降低幅度,分析IRI对道面摩擦性能的影响;并依据某机场视摩擦因数实测试验结果,对仿真实验结果进行修正,探究IRI对飞机刹车效应的影响。结果表明:道面平整段积水厚度一定时,飞机临界滑水速度随IRI增加而降低,当IRI=5时,飞机临界滑水速度较平整道面降低约30%;飞机轮胎速度一定时,视摩擦因数随道面平整度等级降低而减小,当IRI=5时,视摩擦因数较平整道面降低幅度高达98%,严重影响飞机运行安全;道面平整度等级为“好”时,相同平整度段积水厚度下,飞机轮胎与道面视摩擦因数随IRI的增加而减小;综合考虑IRI和经试验数据修正后的视摩擦因数对飞机刹车效应产生的影响发现,随着平整度指数与平整段积水厚度逐渐增加,飞机刹车效应会产生降级。国内某机场道面在1.5<IRI≤2,平整段积水厚度≥7.66 mm的道面条件下,飞机刹车效应最大降低了3级,即由“中到差”降至“差”,此时飞机方向操纵与减速能力严重下降;积水道面平整度评价为“中”和“差”时,飞机刹车效应降级幅度突增,导致道面条件无法保障飞机运行安全;平整段积水厚度为7.66~13 mm时飞机刹车效应受IRI变化的影响较大,降级变化明显,在维护过程中须尤为注意。

多轮荷载作用下的高模量沥青道面力学响应特性

飞机起落架多轮荷载作用下,道面内部应力应变等力学响应将产生叠加与干涉。针对高模量沥青机场道面,通过ABAQUS有限元软件开展道面结构力学响应计算,分析飞机多轮荷载对道面力学响应敏感性,研究高模量沥青混合料在机场道面中的应用效果。结果表明:在飞机主起落架的六轮荷载作用下,道面结构层中产生的应力与路表弯沉的峰值最大,且道面的疲劳寿命最小,在进行道面结构计算与材料组成设计时,应以六轮荷载作为最不利荷载工况;机轮荷载分布的对称性越强,结构内应力与路表弯沉的峰值点位置越靠近荷载包围区域中心;沥青道面变形有一定的时间滞后,卸载后路表弯沉不能立即恢复并存在残余变形,且主起落架轮数越多,滞后时间越长,保留的残余变形越大;中面层采用的高模量沥青混合料可降低道面各层拉应力、压应力、剪应力的应力水平,进而有效地减少机场沥青道面轮辙与疲劳开裂。

基于时间窗的机场地面保障车辆动态调度

机场各类地面资源的优化配置是机场场面运行优化的核心问题,而机场地面保障任务的调度是其中的关键一环。针对机场地面保障车辆的调度问题,考虑航班延误、提前等情况,构建了双阶段机场地面保障车辆调度模型,并设计双阶段启发式算法进行求解;基于中国某大型机场的实际运行数据,以清水车和食品车调度为例分别进行仿真实验。结果表明:对比先到先服务策略,清水车行驶总距离减少55.31%,食品车行驶总距离减少47.38%;对比传统遗传算法,清水车行驶总距离减少19.31%,食品车行驶总距离减少22.93%;动态调整后,清水车新增总行驶距离1.2%,食品车总行驶距离新增3.2%,均在可接受范围之内。可见,双阶段机场地面保障车辆调度模型能提高大型机场场面运行效率,为机场航班实际地面保障任务调度提供理论依据和决策支持。

不同季节影响下复合道面力学响应分析

为了研究复合道面在不同季节时的力学响应,以中原地区某机场改造项目为项目背景,借助三维有限元软件,建立了道面有限元模型,分析了复合道面在温度影响下的力学响应,并与机场监测数据进行对比,验证了模型的准确性。研究发现:大气温度所能影响的道面深度范围在0.56 m以内,和大气温度相比,道面面层温度峰值远大于气温峰值;道面内部不同结构层之间温度变化趋势相同,随着道面深度的加深,温度峰值逐渐递减,并且出现时间具有延迟现象;在不同季节,道面在相同机型作用下所产生的变形不同,说明温度对于道面的受力是有影响的,其中混凝土层在冬季时所产生的应变值比夏季所产生的减少约74%,变化比较明显。

考虑机场、航空公司与空管需求的机场群离场航班时刻优化

随着中国航空流量的不断增加,机场群内航班延误时间长、延误架次多、机场时刻紧张等问题逐渐暴露,这些问题主要是航班时刻设置不合理所导致。为解决这些问题,需要对机场群内航班时刻进行优化。通过从机场、航空公司、空管3个角度综合考虑,分别以延误时间、航空公司航班时刻调整总方差、管制员总调整量作为优化目标,建立了机场群航班时刻优化模型,并使用权重线性递减的粒子群优化算法实现对模型的求解。以京津冀机场群为例进行分析,使用MATLAB对模型进行寻优。结果表明优化后机场群内总延误时间由77580 min减少至46260 min,航空公司航班时刻调整总方差由447.076减少至63.141,管制员总调整量由467次减少至253次,3个目标均得到了优化。可见该模型权衡了机场、航空公司与空管之间的公平性,为机场群航班时刻的优化提供了理论参考。

机场群场面碳排放时空特征和驱动因素分析

以减少场面碳排放为目标,为航空器滑行路径优化提供理论依据,对川渝地区机场群场面碳排放量的时空特征及驱动因素进行了分析,并提出相应的减排策略。基于历史航班数据采用局部空间关联指数时间路径模型对机场群场面碳排放的时空特征进行了分析,得出机场群场面碳排放的空间结构动态趋势;利用对数平均狄氏指数分解法对天府机场场面碳排放的驱动因素进行驱动效应分析,得到场面碳排放受客均座位数和城市连通数作用显著的结论。所提方法为机场场面滑行路径优化以及航班时刻的合理调整提供了理论研究基础,也可为机场相关单位提供节能减排策略的依据。

混合进近运行下平行跑道进场容量评估

本文以仪表着陆系统(ILS,instrument landing system)和建立要求特殊授权的所需导航性能(RNP AR,required navigation performance authorization required)进近(EoR,established on RNP AR)混合程序为研究对象,探讨混合进近下跑道进场容量。首先,研究了飞机尾流消散和运动规律,提出混合进近条件下安全间距计算方法;其次,根据混合进近运行特征,建立混合进近平行跑道进场容量模型;最后,以昆明长水国际机场为例,构建全空域机场仿真模型,对模型进行验证,并在此基础上,设置多个运行场景对影响混合进近条件下跑道进场容量的因素,包括程序结构、机型和RNP AR能力飞机比例进行分析。研究结果表明:容量评估模型能够对混合进近运行下平行跑道进场容量进行精确、客观的评价;且固定半径转弯(RF,constant radius to fix)航段半径越大,跑道进场容量越大;RF航段半径为4~7 km时,RNP AR能力飞机比例越大,跑道进场容量越大;中型机比例越多,跑道进场容量越大。

航空器场面滑行关键路径识别与抗毁性研究

为准确辨识机场地面滑行系统重要路段,提升拥塞风险控制能力,通过构建机场活动区交通网络模型,从节点近邻、全局路径、特征向量和网络位置4个角度挖掘关键节点,提出改进介数中心性算法,得到节点重要度排序样例集。综合鲁棒性、性能下降速率以及单位时间性能损失等网络性能指标,通过抗毁性实验分析性能变化曲线,确定综合抗毁性衡量指标ki测度下复杂网络节点重要度排序结果,实现关键路径识别。以华北某机场为例开展实证研究,结果表明:机场活动区交通网络具有较小的聚类系数,在随机攻击下抗毁性较强,基于度中心性的节点序列为所有样例中最满足实际运行中的关键路段,管制员可实施重点路段流量调配,抑制冲突。