Apatite fission track thermochronology in the Kuluketage and Aksu areas,NW China:Implication for tectonic evolution of the northern Tarim

Tarim Precambrian bedrocks are well exposed in the Kuluketage and Aksu areas, where twenty four samples were taken to reveal the denudation history of the northern Tarim Craton. Apatite fission track dating and thermal history modeling suggest that the northern Tarim experienced multi-stage cooling events which were assumed to be associated with the distant effects of the Cimmerian orogeny and India-Eurasia collision in the past. But the first episode of exhumation in the northern Tarim, occurring in the mid-Permian to Triassic, is here suggested to be induced by docking of the Tarim Craton and final amalgamation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The cooling event at ca. 170 Ma may be triggered by the Qiangtang-Eurasia collision. Widespread Cretaceous exhumation could be linked with docking of the Lhasa terrane in the late Jurassic. Cenozoic reheating and recooling likely occurred because of the northpropagating stress, however, this has not affected the northern Tarim much because the Tarim is characterized by rigid block-like motion.

Application of hydrological models in a snowmelt region of Aksu River Basin

This study simulated and predicted the runoff of the Aksu River Basin, a typical river basin supplied by snowmelt in an arid mountain region, with a limited data set and few hydrological and meteorological stations. Two hydrological models, the snowmelt-runoff model （SRM） and the Danish NedbФr-AfstrФmnings rainfall-runoff model （NAM）, were used to simulate daily discharge processes in the Aksu River Basin. This study used the snow-covered area from MODIS remote sensing data as the SRM input. With the help of ArcGIS software, this study successfully derived the digital drainage network and elevation zones of the basin from digital elevation data. The simulation results showed that the SRM based on MODIS data was more accurate than NAM. This demonstrates that the application of remote sensing data to hydrological snowmelt models is a feasible and effective approach to runoff simulation and prediction in arid unguaged basins where snowmelt is a major runoff factor.

Research on Design and Management of Community-Based Ecotourism Model in Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve of Kazakhstan

This study investigates the community-based ecotourism (CBE) model using a sample of the Aksu-Zhabagly nature reserve (NR). The aim is to propose a suitable CBE model for Aksu-Zhabgly nature-based tourism destinations by employing a combination of field observation, examination, evaluation, and SWOT analysis. The study determines the strategic suggestions for CBE model designing by the results of SWOT analysis. It concludes that convenient transportation and superior location, diversified wild animals and plants, rich in ethnocultural resources, traditional and tranquil life in a typical rural setting, hospitality and positive attitude of locals to tourism and great potential of the region for sustainable development of ecotourism are the strengths. At the same time, the far residential location from the provincial cities, low-quality service, outdated facilities and shortage of skilled employees in tourism management are the main weakness. Another group of constraints to tourism development is lack of tourism marketing and promotion agencies, lack of transparency, poor institution arrangement and corruption, and lack of preferential policies for CBE development. Finally, the paper recommends that economic development, environmental protection, culture and heritage, marketing and image, favorable political environment, and local residents’ empowerment are the main essential to effectively implement the sustainable development of CBE in the Aksu-Zhabagly tourist destination.

MODIS observed snow cover variations in the Aksu River Basin, Northwest China

A major proportion of discharge in the Aksu River is contributed from snow-and glacier-melt water.It is therefore essential to understand the cryospheric dynamics in this area for water resource management.The MODIS MOD10A2 remotesensing database from March 2000 to December 2012 was selected to analyze snow cover changes.Snow cover varied significantly on a temporal and spatial scale for the basin.The difference of the maximum and minimum Snow Cover Fraction(SCF)in winter exceeded 70%.On average for annual cycle,the characteristic of SCF is that it reached the highest value of 53.2%in January and lowest value of 14.7%in July and the distributions of SCF along with elevation is an obvious difference between the range of 3,000 m below and 3,000 m above.The fluctuation of annual average snow cover is strong which shows that the spring snow cover was on the trend of increasing because of decreasing temperatures for the period of 2000-2012.However,temperature in April increased significantly which lead to more snowmelt and a decrease of snow cover.Thus,more attention is needed for flooding in this region due to strong melting of snow.

Environmental Monitoring in Northern Aksu, China Based on Remote Sensing Ecological Index Model

In order to understand the development status of ecological environment quality in the Aksu region of China, to effectively adjust the ecological environment quality, so as to promote the sustainable development of its social economy and ecological environment protection. This paper selects the Landsat series remote sensing images of the northern Aksu region in 2013, 2016, and 2019, and uses the tools such as ENVI5.3 and ArcGIS 10.8.1 to process the image data accordingly. The principal component analysis method is used to calculate the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) of the northern Aksu region. The data show that: 1) The ecological environment quality index in the northern Aksu region in 2013, 2016, and 2019 was 0.706087, 0.25243 and 0.362991 respectively;2) The areas where the ecological environment quality declined significantly in the northern Aksu region were the human settlements and the Gobi, fan-shaped land and other special terrain areas;3) The humidity index and the heat index are the two factors that have the greatest impact on the ecological environment quality in the northern Aksu area. The data as a whole show that the ecological environment in the northern part of the Aksu region has deteriorated seriously, and the severely deteriorated area is close to the human living area.

2000—2020年阿克苏河流域植被动态变化及驱动机制

[目的]探究阿克苏河流域植被动态特征及其与潜在影响因子的响应关系,为干旱区生态环境保护和治理提供理论依据。[方法]基于MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)、气候、地形、土壤类型及土地利用等数据,利用趋势分析和地理探测器方法对2000—2020年阿克苏河流域植被动态及驱动机制进行分析。[结果]①2000—2020年阿克苏河流域NDVI呈显著增加趋势,增速为0.0032/a,且人类活动区增速显著大于非人类活动区。②潜在因子对NDVI变化的解释力存在时间和空间差异;土地利用转化是人类活动区NDVI变化重要驱动因子,海拔、土壤类型、距冰川积雪距离、距水体距离是非人类活动区NDVI变化重要驱动因子。因子间交互作用可以提高对NDVI变化的解释力,在人类活动区土地利用转化与土壤类型的相互作用对NDVI变化的解释力最强;背景因子、距补给水源的距离与其他因子的交互是非人类活动区NDVI变化的重要因子组合。③2000—2020年阿克苏河流域超过10%的面积发生土地利用转化,主要表现为裸地和草地的相互转化,耕地、林地、灌木地、人造地表面积显著增加。[结论]阿克苏河流域人类活动区和非人类活动区NDVI变化时空特征及驱动机制存在差异,应因地制宜,合理管理,促使该流域生态环境良性发展。

地域文化融入高职院校课程思政的教学实践探讨——以阿克苏职业技术学院护理礼仪课程为例

做好课程思政是高校专业课老师面临的重要课题。文章以阿克苏职业技术学院护理礼仪课程为例,探讨课程思政教学的新路径、新方法。教学实施过程中,把以“柯柯牙精神”为主的阿克苏地域文化元素融入教学目标、课程内容、课程资源和教学模式中,以调查问卷方式调查学习效果,并梳理项目实施的积极意义和存在的问题。结果显示:实验组学生对本地文化思政内容更为关注,表现为本地就业意向、本地经济文化熟知度和教学模式满意度等方面有显著提高,但学生对当地的时事新闻、经济和文化关注度相对较低。具有地域特色的思政元素融入课程教学是高校课程思政建设的一条有效途径,对提高学生对当地经济文化认知度和促进在当地就业具有积极的意义。

治广以狭与人地相宜:晚清南疆二道政区变迁及基层职官的选任

清代收复新疆后,南疆地区的喀什噶尔道和阿克苏道于光绪八年建置,是新疆建省的重要准备,也是清朝国家政治制度在边疆地区不断深化的具体表现。其后以“量地置邑”及“治广以狭”为基本理念进行的政区增置和调整,则是政区设置对边防危机与治理困境的反应,突出表现了政区设置对巩固边防、完善基层治理的作用,并奠定了现今南疆地区行政区划的基本格局。在政区设置的同时进行政区分等,与之相对应的还有一套较为成熟的职官选任体系。为最大限度地使地方社会治理“人地相宜”,作为新设政区,南疆二道虽有明确的缺分等第,却并未照章办理。政区分等与职官选拔基本背离,成为光绪三十四年五月全国州县“停部选”的先声。

新疆阿克苏温宿大峡谷丹霞地貌特征及成因分析

由于造景岩石普遍为钙质和铁质胶结的砂岩和砾岩,丹霞地貌具有独特的景观特征和成因机制,同时因具有较高的科学和观赏价值而成为备受关注的旅游资源。东南湿润区丹霞地貌的研究程度较高,但是对西北干旱气候区丹霞地貌的研究还比较少见。以新疆阿克苏温宿大峡谷为研究对象,通过野外调查、样品显微镜观察、盐化学和元素地球化学实验以及ArcGIS面积高程积分(Hypsometric integral,HI)方法,探讨该地区丹霞地貌的特征和成因。结果显示:(1)研究区呈现峡谷、山峰及峰林景观,以发育陡崖泥流林和顶盖型石柱为特色,其造景岩石主要为新近纪河流相红色砾岩和砂岩,硬度较高的砾岩层为形成顶盖型石柱提供了有利保障。(2)红层位于温宿盐丘附近,岩石含盐量较高,主要的盐类型为氯化物、硫酸盐和硝酸盐。陡崖洞穴风化碎屑物样品中的大部分主量元素相对于表岩迁出,说明干旱气候下化学风化仍较活跃。(3)面积高程积分显示研究区南部HI值为0.61,处于幼年期,而北部HI值为0.38,处于老年期,整体地貌演化发育阶段差别较大。研究区虽然降水量较低,但河流侵蚀作用明显,同时构造也是影响丹霞地貌演化的主要因素。

Discovery of deerite from the Aksu Precambrian blueschist terrane and its geological significance

Deerite [Fe122+ Fe63+ Si12O40（OH）10] was first discovered in the metamorphic magnetite-bearing quartzites which are interlayered with blueschists in Aksu Precambrian blueschist terrane. The deerite-bearing mineral association includes ① deerite+riebeckite+stilpnomelane+ilvaite+magnetite+quartz and ② deerite+stilpnomelane+magnetite +quartz based on the investigation under microscope. The study of mineral chemistry shows that the deerites from Aksu Precambrian blueschist are Mn-poor deerite similar to that from Alps. But the deerite from Aksu is the nearest to the end member of deerite. According to the equilibrium P-T region of deerite determined by Lattard and Breton （1994）, the deerites in metamorphic magnetite-bearing quartzites from Aksu Precambrian blueschists were formed under the conditions of pressure lower than 1.0 Gpa, temperature ranging from 300 to 400℃ and about the 10℃/km geothermal gradient. The deerite in metamorphic magnetite-bearing quartzites from Aksu

Assessing the impact of climate change on potential evapotranspiration in Aksu River Basin

Evapotranspiration is one of the key components of hydrological processes. Assessing the impact of climate factors on evapotranspiration is helpful in understanding the impact of climate change on hydrological processes. In this paper, based on the daily meteorological data from 1960 to 2007 within and around the Aksu River Basin, reference evapotranspiration （RET） was estimated with the FAO Penman-Monteith method. The temporal and spatial variations of RET were analyzed by using ARCGIS and Mann-Kendall method. Multiple Regression Analysis was employed to attribute the effects of the variations of air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, vapour pressure and wind speed on RET. The results showed that average annual RET in the eastern plain area of the Aksu River Basin was about 1100 mm, which was nearly twice as much as that in the western mountainous area. The trend of annual RET had significant spatial variability. Annual RET was reduced significantly in the southeastern oasis area and southwestern plain area and increased slightly in the mountain areas. The amplitude of the change of RET reached the highest in summer, contributing most of the annual change of RET. Except in some high elevation areas where relative humidity predominated the change of the RET, the variations of wind velocity predominated the changes of RET almost throughout the basin. Taking Kuqa and Ulugqat stations as an example, the variations of wind velocity accounted for more than 50% of the changes of RET.

“文化润疆”视域下非遗保护与职业教育的融合探析——以阿克苏地区为例

阿克苏地区非物质文化遗产(简称“非遗”)具有鲜明特征和杰出价值,但在保护与传承中存在诸多问题。在“文化润疆”的视域下,探讨阿克苏地区非遗保护与职业教育的融合策略。利用数据分析、案例研究、人物访谈和问卷调查等方法,分析了非遗保护与职业教育融合的必要性和可行性。针对非遗与职业教育融合不足的核心问题,提出七大融合路径。该研究表明,非遗保护与职业教育的融合是提升阿克苏地区非遗传承活力的重要策略,它能有效拓宽非遗文化的传承渠道,让阿克苏地区非遗焕发新活力、展现新魅力。

乡村振兴视域下阿克苏地区生态环境与农业经济增长耦合协调度评估

立足于乡村振兴背景,运用综合发展评价模型和耦合协调度模型对阿克苏地区2009-2019年生态环境与农业经济增长的耦合协调关系展开研究。结果表明:该地区生态环境和农业经济增长的综合发展水平整体呈上升趋势,且在2017年以后,生态环境发展水平稳步超过农业经济增长水平。该地区生态环境系统与农业经济增长系统的耦合协调度可划分为3个阶段:2009-2012年表现为中度协调;2013-2014年耦合协调度从中度协调转变为基本协调,且呈现明显的下降趋势;2015-2019年耦合协调度迅速提升,从基本协调转变为中度协调,并呈现出稳定状态。整体上,阿克苏地区生态环境系统与农业经济增长系统的耦合度和耦合协调度保持持续增长状态。

Estimation of the shortening rate since late Pleistocene in the Aksu area on the southern flank of the Tianshan,China

This research focused on the Aksu area in the central part of the southern Tianshan. Along the 60 km wide Aksu fold-and-thrust belt, active thrusts reach the surface and offset the youngest sediments. Our research was based on the geomorphologic study that examined the advance and retreat of glaciers cut by thrusts in the Tomur area in the north of Aksu. Our fieldwork revealed that two fault scarps were clearest across three different moraines that represent the maximum of advance of glaciers during three glacial periods along the Tailan River in the Tomur area. The measured heights of the fault scarps that cut the moraines, together with the moraines-inferred age, imply a shortening rate of 1.85 mm/a on the Aksu area since late Pleistocene. This rate, similar to that of the Korla area on its east side and of the Kaping area on its west side, but lower than that of the Kashgar area farther west and of the Manas area in the northern margin of the belt, implies that the distribution of shortening across the Tianshan changed markedly along the mountain.

阿克苏地区寒武系肖尔布拉克组不同白云岩的孔隙特征、成因及演化

根据阿克苏地区两条典型野外剖面(肖西沟剖面、苏盖特布拉克剖面)的细测及大量薄片资料分析,认为肖尔布拉克组发育凝块石云岩、残余颗粒云岩及晶粒云岩等3种类型白云岩,主要孔隙类型有晶间孔、晶间溶孔、粒间溶孔、凝块内溶孔等4种。凝块石云岩中孔隙面孔率与胶结物含量及单个凝块大小呈反比,孔隙的连通性与单个凝块大小、堆积疏松程度、胶结物含量、凝块含量呈正比。残余砂屑云岩孔隙面孔率与残余颗粒含量呈正比、与胶结物含量呈反比。根据沉积—成岩作用影响的差异,建立3种不同白云岩孔隙演化发育模式:在凝块石云岩中,同生—准同生期大气淡水溶蚀作用是形成孔隙的关键,埋藏期溶蚀作用使得孔隙进一步改善,最终形成以凝块内溶孔(占比72%)为主的孔隙类型;在残余颗粒云岩中,同生—准同生期的溶蚀作用是形成孔隙的基础,埋藏期溶蚀作用是增加有效孔隙的关键因素,最终形成以粒间溶孔(占比51%)为主的孔隙类型;在晶粒云岩中,早期的溶蚀改造作用对晶粒云岩孔隙发育影响较小,而埋藏期的扩大溶蚀作用是有效孔隙发育的关键因素,使其形成以晶间溶孔(占比62%)为主的孔隙类型。

阿克苏地区灰枣叶片营养DRIS诊断

通过对新疆阿克苏地区31个成龄灰枣园叶样的采集与分析,运用诊断施肥综合法(DRIS)进行叶片营养诊断,旨在为该地区成龄灰枣的营养诊断和平衡施肥提供参考。结果表明,以7月中旬灰枣叶片N、P、K元素浓度测定值作为主要诊断依据,制定了DRIS指数法的营养诊断标准,经检验取得了较高的诊断正确率。按产量组统计施肥顺序,各组营养元素施肥顺序第一的枣园数及其频率分别为:高产组,N—4—37.0%,P—2—18.0%,K—5—45.0%;中产组,N—0,P—13—92.9%,K—1—7.1%;低产组,N—0,P—6—85.7%,K—1—14.3%。DRIS诊断的阿克苏地区灰枣叶片N、P、K营养元素浓度最佳比值范围分别:N/P=11.861±2.859、N/K=1.820±0.306、K/P=6.667±2.027。

基于遥感生态指数的阿克苏地区生态质量时空变化及其驱动力

为及时全面地监测阿克苏地区生态环境质量的时空变化,基于谷歌地球引擎(GEE)平台,利用MODIS多光谱传感器2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年的遥感数据构建遥感生态指数(RSEI),运用Moran指数、地理探测器等方法探究阿克苏地区生态环境质量时空演变及影响因素检测。结果表明:(1)2005—2020年阿克苏地区RSEI由0.24增至0.27,生态环境质量呈波动上升趋势,RSEI高值区主要分布于阿克苏地区北缘以及中部绿洲区,低值区主要分布于沙漠、戈壁等地。(2)2005—2020年,RSEI全局Moran指数为0.80~0.87,表明阿克苏地区RSEI呈较强的正相关;其聚集分布以高—高(H—H)和低—低(L—L)分布为主。(3)各因子对空间异质解释力(q值)在2005—2020年存在不同程度变化,土地利用和降水为关键影响因素。同时,相比单因子,交互探测的影响力均大于单一因子的作用强度。研究结果可为当地生态环境保护提供数据支撑及方法借鉴。

阿拉尔地区阿克苏河流域水盐空间变异及影响因素研究

新疆阿拉尔地区阿克苏河流域属干旱半干旱地区。受气候、地理位置和农业灌溉等影响,沿岸土壤出现大面积土壤盐渍化现象。本文分析阿拉尔地区阿克苏河流域水盐空间变异及影响因素,使用样本法采集土壤实际数据并进行统计学分析。结果发现,研究区域内土壤含水率和土壤含盐量变化比较大。四月份土壤含水率和土壤含盐量排列为亚表层(30cm~50cm)最高。十月份土壤含水率随土壤深度增加而增加,土壤含盐量随土壤深度增加而减少。地形因素和土壤质地因素均是影响水盐空间变异的因素之一。不同因素对不同深度土壤的影响效果各有不同,高程对土壤含盐量的影响最小。

西南天山中元古界阿克苏群原岩恢复与铜金富集成矿规律

西南天山萨热克地区沉积盆地下基底为长城系阿克苏群,岩石类型主要为石英片岩、黑云片岩、云母片岩和大理岩等,总厚度达6700 m,其中发现了多处铜金矿化点。研究表明长城系阿克苏群原岩主要以碎屑岩+碳酸盐岩为主,并含有一定的火山岩组分,岩石形成的构造背景表现为被动大陆边缘的陆源碎屑岩沉积,由于地壳的多次升降形成了多层碎屑岩+碳酸盐岩沉积,并伴有火山喷发沉积作用。从长城系阿克苏群黑云片岩锆石测年结果来看,其不一致线与谐和曲线上交点的^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb年龄(1609±190)Ma,推断长城系阿克苏群形成于中元古代。从长城系阿克苏群铜金矿化流体包裹体测试结果来看,热液流体主体平均温度为165.80~201.54℃,部分单个包裹体达到352℃,平均盐度(wt%NaCl)为16.87~18.40;金(铜)矿化包裹体中气相成分以CH_(4)为主,铜(金)矿化包裹体中气相成分以CO_(2)和N_(2)为主,含少量的CH_(4)。结合本区构造变形过程认为该区长城系阿克苏群的铜金矿化主要来源于该层岩石本身,构造运动使岩石发育大型褶皱断裂带和剪切破碎带,岩石中的Au、Cu等有用组分随着不断增加的温压变化而发生活化形成热液流体,富含Au、Cu等有用组分的热液流体沿构造裂隙或韧性剪切裂隙沉淀富集形成含铜石英脉或含金微细脉,热液流体在演化后期盐度(wt%NaCl)有降低趋势。本区不同岩(矿)石中硫同位素差异较大,这主要与其所处的不同形成环境有关,也与沉积盆地长期的构造演化有关。中元古界长城系阿克苏群为晚侏罗世—早白垩世沉积期重要的剥蚀物源区,为沉积型铜铅锌矿床的形成提供了一定的物质来源。