The large and small sized Cu（solid）/Al（liquid） couples were prepared to investigate the directional growth behavior of primary a（Al） phase during a concentration-gradient-controlled solidification process under ...The large and small sized Cu（solid）/Al（liquid） couples were prepared to investigate the directional growth behavior of primary a（Al） phase during a concentration-gradient-controlled solidification process under various static magnetic fields（SMFs）.The results show that in the large couples,the α（Al） dendrites reveal a directional growth character whether without or with the SMF.However,the 12 T magnetic field induces regular growth,consistent deflection and the decrease of secondary arm spacing of the dendrites.In the small couples,the α（Al） dendrites still reveal a directional growth character to some extent with a SMF of ≤5 T.However,an 8.8 T SMF destroys the directional growth and induces severe random deflections of the dendrites.When the SMF increases to 12 T,the a（Al） dendrites become quite regular despite of the consistent deflection.The directional growth arises from the continuous long-range concentration gradient field built in the melt.The morphological modification is mainly related to the suppression of natural convections and the induction of thermoelectric magnetic convection by the SMF.展开更多
During the electromagnetic railgun launching process,there will be a complex flow field with high temperature in the muzzle area because of the high-speed friction,transition and seco ndary arc-ignition.This paper mod...During the electromagnetic railgun launching process,there will be a complex flow field with high temperature in the muzzle area because of the high-speed friction,transition and seco ndary arc-ignition.This paper models the muzzle area of railgun when the projectile is far away from the muzzle,and the dynamic simulation of the flow field with secondary arc in the muzzle area is carried out based on the magneto hydrodynamic equations.Meanwhile,a multi-component plasma transport model is used to analyze the muzzle arc plasma flow process of the mixed gas of Al vapor and the air.Furthermore,the pressure boundary conditions are fitted by the dynamic mesh simulation results.The current and voltage of the muzzle are obtained through the emission experiment of the railgun experimental prototype.We load the current data into the simulation model and the voltage of experiments and simulations are compared,which proves the accuracy of the simulation.Then the plasma temperature and the composition of Al vapor in the muzzle flow process are analyzed in-depth.展开更多
The effects of an electric field on AIN precipitation and recrystallization texture were investigated. Cold-rolled 08Al killed steel sheets were annealed at 550℃ according to the two-step processes, for various maint...The effects of an electric field on AIN precipitation and recrystallization texture were investigated. Cold-rolled 08Al killed steel sheets were annealed at 550℃ according to the two-step processes, for various maintaining times, with and without applying an electric field. It was found that the electric field promotes the precipitation of the second phase （AlN particles）, strengthens the γ-fiber and weakens the α-fiber texture component in the recrystallized specimens. A possible explanation for the reinforcement of γ-fiber texture by the electric field is that the second phase AIN particle promotes the growth of γ-fiber at the expense of differently oriented grains.展开更多
A 3D finite element model was established to investigate the temperature and stress fields during the selective laser melting process of Al−Mg−Sc−Zr alloy.By considering the powder−solid transformation,temperaturedepe...A 3D finite element model was established to investigate the temperature and stress fields during the selective laser melting process of Al−Mg−Sc−Zr alloy.By considering the powder−solid transformation,temperaturedependent thermal properties,latent heat of phase transformations and molten pool convection,the effects of laser power,point distance and hatch spacing on the temperature distribution,molten pool dimensions and residual stress distribution were investigated.Then,the effects of laser power,point distance and hatch spacing on the microstructure,density and hardness of the alloy were studied by the experimental method.The results show that the molten pool size gradually increases as the laser power increases and the point distance and hatch spacing decrease.The residual stress mainly concentrates in the middle of the first scanning track and the beginning and end of each scanning track.Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the model.The density of the samples tends to increase and then decrease with increasing laser power and decreasing point distance and hatch spacing.The optimum process parameters are laser power of 325−375 W,point distance of 80−100μm and hatch spacing of 80μm.展开更多
The effect of high magnetic fields on the morphology of Al-Mn phases was investigated. It is found that the tropism and the alignment of Al6Mn precipitated phases become regular under high magnetic fields. The stronge...The effect of high magnetic fields on the morphology of Al-Mn phases was investigated. It is found that the tropism and the alignment of Al6Mn precipitated phases become regular under high magnetic fields. The stronger the high magnetic fields, the more regular the alignment of Al6Mn precipitated phases. Al6Mn precipitated phases can generate oriented alignment and aggregation under high magnetic fields through the observation of the quenched microstructure of the Al-Mn alloy at different temperatures. Meanwhile, the number of Al6Mn phases increases continuously along with the increasing function time of high magnetic fields. X-ray diffraction also indicates that Al6Mn phases generate obvious tropism under high magnetic fields. The process of aggregation and growth of Al6Mn precipitated phases under the function of high magnetic fields after orientation were analyzed and discussed.展开更多
The super high strength aluminum alloy ingots with 100 mm in diameter were cast by the process of low-frequency electromagnetic horizontal continuous casting (LFEHC) and the effect of electromagnetic field on the as-c...The super high strength aluminum alloy ingots with 100 mm in diameter were cast by the process of low-frequency electromagnetic horizontal continuous casting (LFEHC) and the effect of electromagnetic field on the as-cast microstructure was studied. Results show that microstructure of the sample prepared by the LFEHC process was greatly refined. Microstructures at the border and the center of the ingots were fine, uniform and rosette-shaped. Electromagnetic frequency plays a key role in microstructure refining. Fine and uniform microstructures can be obtained with optimal electromagnetic frequency. In this experiment, under a frequency of 30 Hz the microstructure was the finest and the most uniform.展开更多
The dendrite growth process during the solidification of the Al-4.5%Cu binary alloy was simulated using the phase-field model, proposed by Kim et al. Solute diffusion equation and heat transfer equation were solved si...The dendrite growth process during the solidification of the Al-4.5%Cu binary alloy was simulated using the phase-field model, proposed by Kim et al. Solute diffusion equation and heat transfer equation were solved simultaneously. The effects of the noise on the dendrite growth, solute and temperature profile in the undercooled alloy melt were investigated. The results indicate that the noise can trigger the growth of the secondary arms, and increase the highest temperature and solute concentration, but not influence the tip operating state. The solute and temperature gradients in the tip are the highest.展开更多
We report an Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaN based lateral field emission device with a nanometer scale void channel. A -45 nm void channel is obtained by etching out the SiO2 sacrificial dielectric layer between the semiconductor ...We report an Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaN based lateral field emission device with a nanometer scale void channel. A -45 nm void channel is obtained by etching out the SiO2 sacrificial dielectric layer between the semiconductor emitter and the metal collector. Under an atmospheric environment instead of vacuum conditions, the OaN- based field emission device shows a low turn-on voltage of 2.3 V, a high emission current of -40 μA （line current density 2.3mA/cm） at a collector bias Vc = 3 V, and a low reverse leakage of 3nA at Vc = -3 V. These characteristics are attributed to the nanometer scale void channel as well as the high density of two-dimensional electron gas in the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. This type of device may have potential applications in high frequency mieroelectronics or nanoelectronics.展开更多
Effects of high magnetic field on modification of Al-6%Si hypoeutectic alloy, Al-12.6%Si eutectic alloy and Al-18%Si hypereutectic alloy were studied. For the Al-6%Si alloy, it is found that the sample modified by Na-...Effects of high magnetic field on modification of Al-6%Si hypoeutectic alloy, Al-12.6%Si eutectic alloy and Al-18%Si hypereutectic alloy were studied. For the Al-6%Si alloy, it is found that the sample modified by Na-salt does not lose efficacy after remelting under high magnetic field. For the Al-12.6%Si alloy, if the sample modified by Na-salt is kept at the temperature of modification reaction, high magnetic field can postpone the effective time of the modification. For Al-18%Si alloy modified by P-salt, the primary Si in solidified structure concentrates at the edge of the sample and eutectic Si appears in the center of the sample under the condition without high magnetic field, while the primary Si distributes evenly in the sample when the high magnetic field is imposed. It is thought that the high magnetic field restrains the convection of the melt.展开更多
An electromagnetic vibration was generated by simultaneously imposing a strong static magnetic field （up to 10 T） and an alternative electricity current to the metal. Its effects on the solidification structure of e...An electromagnetic vibration was generated by simultaneously imposing a strong static magnetic field （up to 10 T） and an alternative electricity current to the metal. Its effects on the solidification structure of eutectic Al-Si alloy have been investigated experimentally. It is found that the eutectic structure has been refined by solely imposing high magnetic field while it is coarsened under the electromagnetic vibration. Furthermore, polyhedral Si grains and non-dendritic α-Al appeared when the electromagnetic vibration strength was strong enough. The refining of eutectic structure is attributed to the decrease of diffusion coefficient caused by the strong magnetic field. The coarseness of eutectic structure may be attributed to the convection caused by electromagnetic vibration. Strong convection may break co-operative growth of eutectic phases to form polyhedral Si grains and non-dendritic α-Al.展开更多
The effect of heat treatment in an electric field on micro plastic deformation characteristics of 2024 Al alloy was investigated. The mechanism of aging in an electric field affecting the micro plastic deformation beh...The effect of heat treatment in an electric field on micro plastic deformation characteristics of 2024 Al alloy was investigated. The mechanism of aging in an electric field affecting the micro plastic deformation behavior was preliminarily discussed. The results show that the resistance to micro plastic deformation of the alloy can be greatly increased by aging in an electric field. Aging temperature, aging time and electric field strength are selected by adopting the orthogonal design method and the optimum technological parameters are obtained.展开更多
The effects of separation time and magnetic induction intensity on the separation efficiency of alumina particles with diameters varying from 30 to 200 μm in aluminum melt were investigated. The experimental results ...The effects of separation time and magnetic induction intensity on the separation efficiency of alumina particles with diameters varying from 30 to 200 μm in aluminum melt were investigated. The experimental results show that the particle-accumulated layer is formed in the periphery of the solidified specimen when the diameter of the separated molten metal, the magnetic induction intensity and the separation time are 10 mm, 0.04 T and 1 s, respectively. When the separation time is 2 s, the particle-accumulated layer can be observed obviously and the separation efficiency is about 80%. There are few alumina particles in the inner of the solidified specimen when the separation time is 3 s. The separation efficiency higher than 85% can be achieved when the separation time is longer than 3 s. When the magnetic induction intensity is 0.06 T, the visible particle-accumulated layer can be formed in 1 s and the separation efficiency is higher than 95%. The experimental results were compared with the calculated results at last.展开更多
Solution treatment of 20% Al-Li alloy in an electric field has been studied. The results show that it increases the solubility of elements and accelerates the nucleation of T1-phase and promotes the formation of the p...Solution treatment of 20% Al-Li alloy in an electric field has been studied. The results show that it increases the solubility of elements and accelerates the nucleation of T1-phase and promotes the formation of the precipitation free zones(PFZ), and increases the strength and decreases the plasticity of the alloy.展开更多
On the basis of the microscopic phase-field dynamic model and the microelasticity theory, the characteristics of the coarsening behavior of γ＇ phase in Ni-Al alloys have been systematically studied in a certain volu...On the basis of the microscopic phase-field dynamic model and the microelasticity theory, the characteristics of the coarsening behavior of γ＇ phase in Ni-Al alloys have been systematically studied in a certain volume fraction of the precipitates. It was found that the initial irregular shape, randomly distributed γ＇ phase, gradually transformed into cuboidal shape, regularly aligned along the [100] and [010] directions, and a highly preferential selected microstructure was formed during the later stage of precipitation. The volume fraction of the precipitates produced some effects on the precipitate morphology but did not produce an obvious effect on the regularities of precipitate distribution. The coarsening rate constant from the cubic growth law decreased as a function of volume fraction for small volume fractions, remained constant for intermediate volume fractions, and increased as a function of volume fraction for large volume fractions. During the coherent coarsening process, four ＂splitting＂ patterns between γ＇ phases, which belonged to different antiphase domains, were produced via particle aggregation, such as an L-shaped pattern, a doublet, a triplet, and a quartet.展开更多
基金Projects(51201029,51071042,51374067)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(N130409002,N130209001)supported by the Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesProject(2012M520637)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘The large and small sized Cu（solid）/Al（liquid） couples were prepared to investigate the directional growth behavior of primary a（Al） phase during a concentration-gradient-controlled solidification process under various static magnetic fields（SMFs）.The results show that in the large couples,the α（Al） dendrites reveal a directional growth character whether without or with the SMF.However,the 12 T magnetic field induces regular growth,consistent deflection and the decrease of secondary arm spacing of the dendrites.In the small couples,the α（Al） dendrites still reveal a directional growth character to some extent with a SMF of ≤5 T.However,an 8.8 T SMF destroys the directional growth and induces severe random deflections of the dendrites.When the SMF increases to 12 T,the a（Al） dendrites become quite regular despite of the consistent deflection.The directional growth arises from the continuous long-range concentration gradient field built in the melt.The morphological modification is mainly related to the suppression of natural convections and the induction of thermoelectric magnetic convection by the SMF.
文摘During the electromagnetic railgun launching process,there will be a complex flow field with high temperature in the muzzle area because of the high-speed friction,transition and seco ndary arc-ignition.This paper models the muzzle area of railgun when the projectile is far away from the muzzle,and the dynamic simulation of the flow field with secondary arc in the muzzle area is carried out based on the magneto hydrodynamic equations.Meanwhile,a multi-component plasma transport model is used to analyze the muzzle arc plasma flow process of the mixed gas of Al vapor and the air.Furthermore,the pressure boundary conditions are fitted by the dynamic mesh simulation results.The current and voltage of the muzzle are obtained through the emission experiment of the railgun experimental prototype.We load the current data into the simulation model and the voltage of experiments and simulations are compared,which proves the accuracy of the simulation.Then the plasma temperature and the composition of Al vapor in the muzzle flow process are analyzed in-depth.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science FoundationShanghai Bao Steel Group of China under Grant No.50374028Doctor Foundation.
文摘The effects of an electric field on AIN precipitation and recrystallization texture were investigated. Cold-rolled 08Al killed steel sheets were annealed at 550℃ according to the two-step processes, for various maintaining times, with and without applying an electric field. It was found that the electric field promotes the precipitation of the second phase （AlN particles）, strengthens the γ-fiber and weakens the α-fiber texture component in the recrystallized specimens. A possible explanation for the reinforcement of γ-fiber texture by the electric field is that the second phase AIN particle promotes the growth of γ-fiber at the expense of differently oriented grains.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51804349)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2018M632986)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China (No.2019JJ50766)the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-strength Structural Materials,China (No.JCKY201851)。
文摘A 3D finite element model was established to investigate the temperature and stress fields during the selective laser melting process of Al−Mg−Sc−Zr alloy.By considering the powder−solid transformation,temperaturedependent thermal properties,latent heat of phase transformations and molten pool convection,the effects of laser power,point distance and hatch spacing on the temperature distribution,molten pool dimensions and residual stress distribution were investigated.Then,the effects of laser power,point distance and hatch spacing on the microstructure,density and hardness of the alloy were studied by the experimental method.The results show that the molten pool size gradually increases as the laser power increases and the point distance and hatch spacing decrease.The residual stress mainly concentrates in the middle of the first scanning track and the beginning and end of each scanning track.Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the model.The density of the samples tends to increase and then decrease with increasing laser power and decreasing point distance and hatch spacing.The optimum process parameters are laser power of 325−375 W,point distance of 80−100μm and hatch spacing of 80μm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50674018)
文摘The effect of high magnetic fields on the morphology of Al-Mn phases was investigated. It is found that the tropism and the alignment of Al6Mn precipitated phases become regular under high magnetic fields. The stronger the high magnetic fields, the more regular the alignment of Al6Mn precipitated phases. Al6Mn precipitated phases can generate oriented alignment and aggregation under high magnetic fields through the observation of the quenched microstructure of the Al-Mn alloy at different temperatures. Meanwhile, the number of Al6Mn phases increases continuously along with the increasing function time of high magnetic fields. X-ray diffraction also indicates that Al6Mn phases generate obvious tropism under high magnetic fields. The process of aggregation and growth of Al6Mn precipitated phases under the function of high magnetic fields after orientation were analyzed and discussed.
基金National "863" project (NO.2001AA332030) of China
文摘The super high strength aluminum alloy ingots with 100 mm in diameter were cast by the process of low-frequency electromagnetic horizontal continuous casting (LFEHC) and the effect of electromagnetic field on the as-cast microstructure was studied. Results show that microstructure of the sample prepared by the LFEHC process was greatly refined. Microstructures at the border and the center of the ingots were fine, uniform and rosette-shaped. Electromagnetic frequency plays a key role in microstructure refining. Fine and uniform microstructures can be obtained with optimal electromagnetic frequency. In this experiment, under a frequency of 30 Hz the microstructure was the finest and the most uniform.
文摘The dendrite growth process during the solidification of the Al-4.5%Cu binary alloy was simulated using the phase-field model, proposed by Kim et al. Solute diffusion equation and heat transfer equation were solved simultaneously. The effects of the noise on the dendrite growth, solute and temperature profile in the undercooled alloy melt were investigated. The results indicate that the noise can trigger the growth of the secondary arms, and increase the highest temperature and solute concentration, but not influence the tip operating state. The solute and temperature gradients in the tip are the highest.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant No BK20160400the Science and Technology Project of Suzhou under Grant No SZS201508
文摘We report an Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaN based lateral field emission device with a nanometer scale void channel. A -45 nm void channel is obtained by etching out the SiO2 sacrificial dielectric layer between the semiconductor emitter and the metal collector. Under an atmospheric environment instead of vacuum conditions, the OaN- based field emission device shows a low turn-on voltage of 2.3 V, a high emission current of -40 μA （line current density 2.3mA/cm） at a collector bias Vc = 3 V, and a low reverse leakage of 3nA at Vc = -3 V. These characteristics are attributed to the nanometer scale void channel as well as the high density of two-dimensional electron gas in the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. This type of device may have potential applications in high frequency mieroelectronics or nanoelectronics.
文摘Effects of high magnetic field on modification of Al-6%Si hypoeutectic alloy, Al-12.6%Si eutectic alloy and Al-18%Si hypereutectic alloy were studied. For the Al-6%Si alloy, it is found that the sample modified by Na-salt does not lose efficacy after remelting under high magnetic field. For the Al-12.6%Si alloy, if the sample modified by Na-salt is kept at the temperature of modification reaction, high magnetic field can postpone the effective time of the modification. For Al-18%Si alloy modified by P-salt, the primary Si in solidified structure concentrates at the edge of the sample and eutectic Si appears in the center of the sample under the condition without high magnetic field, while the primary Si distributes evenly in the sample when the high magnetic field is imposed. It is thought that the high magnetic field restrains the convection of the melt.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.59871026)
文摘An electromagnetic vibration was generated by simultaneously imposing a strong static magnetic field （up to 10 T） and an alternative electricity current to the metal. Its effects on the solidification structure of eutectic Al-Si alloy have been investigated experimentally. It is found that the eutectic structure has been refined by solely imposing high magnetic field while it is coarsened under the electromagnetic vibration. Furthermore, polyhedral Si grains and non-dendritic α-Al appeared when the electromagnetic vibration strength was strong enough. The refining of eutectic structure is attributed to the decrease of diffusion coefficient caused by the strong magnetic field. The coarseness of eutectic structure may be attributed to the convection caused by electromagnetic vibration. Strong convection may break co-operative growth of eutectic phases to form polyhedral Si grains and non-dendritic α-Al.
文摘The effect of heat treatment in an electric field on micro plastic deformation characteristics of 2024 Al alloy was investigated. The mechanism of aging in an electric field affecting the micro plastic deformation behavior was preliminarily discussed. The results show that the resistance to micro plastic deformation of the alloy can be greatly increased by aging in an electric field. Aging temperature, aging time and electric field strength are selected by adopting the orthogonal design method and the optimum technological parameters are obtained.
基金Projects(50474055, 50274018) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (20052176) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China
文摘The effects of separation time and magnetic induction intensity on the separation efficiency of alumina particles with diameters varying from 30 to 200 μm in aluminum melt were investigated. The experimental results show that the particle-accumulated layer is formed in the periphery of the solidified specimen when the diameter of the separated molten metal, the magnetic induction intensity and the separation time are 10 mm, 0.04 T and 1 s, respectively. When the separation time is 2 s, the particle-accumulated layer can be observed obviously and the separation efficiency is about 80%. There are few alumina particles in the inner of the solidified specimen when the separation time is 3 s. The separation efficiency higher than 85% can be achieved when the separation time is longer than 3 s. When the magnetic induction intensity is 0.06 T, the visible particle-accumulated layer can be formed in 1 s and the separation efficiency is higher than 95%. The experimental results were compared with the calculated results at last.
文摘Solution treatment of 20% Al-Li alloy in an electric field has been studied. The results show that it increases the solubility of elements and accelerates the nucleation of T1-phase and promotes the formation of the precipitation free zones(PFZ), and increases the strength and decreases the plasticity of the alloy.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50671084)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.20070420218).
文摘On the basis of the microscopic phase-field dynamic model and the microelasticity theory, the characteristics of the coarsening behavior of γ＇ phase in Ni-Al alloys have been systematically studied in a certain volume fraction of the precipitates. It was found that the initial irregular shape, randomly distributed γ＇ phase, gradually transformed into cuboidal shape, regularly aligned along the [100] and [010] directions, and a highly preferential selected microstructure was formed during the later stage of precipitation. The volume fraction of the precipitates produced some effects on the precipitate morphology but did not produce an obvious effect on the regularities of precipitate distribution. The coarsening rate constant from the cubic growth law decreased as a function of volume fraction for small volume fractions, remained constant for intermediate volume fractions, and increased as a function of volume fraction for large volume fractions. During the coherent coarsening process, four ＂splitting＂ patterns between γ＇ phases, which belonged to different antiphase domains, were produced via particle aggregation, such as an L-shaped pattern, a doublet, a triplet, and a quartet.
