Al-B_(4)C中子吸收材料的电化学腐蚀行为研究

【目的】研究Al-B_(4)C中子吸收材料的电化学腐蚀性能。【方法】采用球磨混粉-压力成型-真空烧结的方法制备了4种不同碳化硼含量的Al-B_(4)C复合材料,并对材料进行电化学腐蚀试验,腐蚀溶液为5%NaCl溶液。【结果】结果表明:碳化硼含量30%以下时,材料的耐腐蚀性能随着碳化硼含量的增加逐渐增强;碳化硼含量达到40%时,材料的耐腐蚀性迅速下降,且4种材料在各自电位区间发生了钝化现象。【结论】碳化硼含量10%时钝化现象最明显,材料腐蚀方式主要以点蚀为主。

Effects of heat treatment on phase contents and mechanical properties of infiltrated B_4C/2024Al composites

The B4C/2024Al composites were successfully produced by pressureless infiltration method, and the effects of heat treatment on phase content and mechanical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and mechanical properties testing. The results show that phases of BnC/2024Al composites include B4C, Al, Al3BC, AlB2 and Al2Cu. The phase species remain unchanged; however, the phase content of the composites changes significantly after heat treatment at the temperature of 660, 700, 800 or 900 ℃ for 12, 24 or 36 h. It is found that the heat treatment results in not only considerable enhancement in hardness, but also reduction in bending strength of the composites. Heat treatment at 800 ℃ for 36 h does best to hardness of the composites, while at 700 ℃ for 36 h it is the most beneficial to their comprehensive mechanical properties.

Wear behavior and mechanism of B_4C reinforced Mg-matrix composites fabricated by metal-assisted pressureless infiltration technique

The B4C/Mg composites fabricated by metal-assisted pressureless infiltration technique were used as experimental material, and the wear behavior and mechanism of this material were studied. A pin-on-disc apparatus was used to evaluate the wear behavior where loads of 20, 40, 60 and 80 N, and a sliding velocity of 250 r/min were exerted. The results show that B4C/Mg composites possess superior wear resistance than pure Mg under various applied loads, and the content of Ti, as infiltration inducer, has an influence on the wear resistance of B4C/Mg composites. The dominant wear mechanism for pure Mg is abrasion, while that for B4C/Mg composites under low loads is adhesion and delamination. Under high loads, the wear mechanism of B4C/Mg composites can be attributed to thermal softening and melting or plastic deformation.

Achieving strength-ductility synergy in cold spray additively manufactured Al/B4C composites through a hybrid post-deposition treatment

Cold spray additive manufacturing(CSAM) provides a potential solid state manufacturing route to fabricate variety of aluminum matrix composites(AMCs) with reduced possibility of undesired chemical reactions and residual thermal stresses. This study presents a hybrid(i.e. hot compression + hot rolling)post-deposition treatment to reinvigorate the mechanical properties of cold spray additively manufactured Al/B4 C composites. The as-deposited samples were initially subjected to 30% thickness reduction via hot compression treatment at 500°C followed by a hot rolling treatment with 40% thickness reduction in 2 passes. Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) results revealed that after hybrid post-deposition treatment(involving 70%accumulative thickness reduction), the aluminum grains in the matrix were extensively refined due to simultaneous operation of continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX) and geometric dynamic recrystallization(GDRX). Furthermore, interfacial defects were remarkably reduced while the nature of Al/Al and Al/B4C interfacial bonding was changed from sheer mechanical interlocking to metallurgical bonding which facilitated efficient transference of applied load to uniformly dispersed bimodal B4C particles. As a result, ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and elongation(EL) of the as-deposited sample were simultaneously improved from 37 to 185 MPa and 0.3% to 6.2%, respectively.

Microstructural and mechanical behavior of blended powder semisolid formed Al7075/B_4C composites under different experimental conditions

This work aimed to fabricate B4C reinforced aluminum matrix composites via blended powder semisolid forming that is an implementation of the benefits of semisolid forming to the powder metallurgy. Al7075 elements were incrementally added to ethanol solution under mechanical mixing. Al7075 constituents and B4C particles were blended in a high energy ball mill. Cold compacted Al7075/B4C blends were pressed at semisolid state. The effects of the size of the matrix（20, 45 and 63 μm）, reinforcing volume fraction（5%, 10% and 20%） and semisolid compaction pressure（50 and 100 MPa） on the morphology, microstructure, density, hardness, compression and bending strength were thoroughly analyzed. Experimental results revealed that the highest microstructural uniformity was achieved when large B4C particles（45 μm） were distributed within the small particles（20 μm） of the matrix phase. Composites with matrix particles larger than reinforcing phase indicated agglomerations in loadings more than 10%（volume fraction）. Agglomerated regions resisted against penetration of the liquid phase to the pores and lowered the density and strength of these composites. Composites with 20 μm Al7075 and 20%（volume fraction） 45 μm B4C powder pressed under 100 MPa exhibited the highest values of hardness（HV 190） and compressive strength（336 MPa）.

Synthesis of nano-to micrometer-sized B_(4)C particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites via powder metallurgy and subsequent heat treatment

B4C/6061Al composites reinforced with nano-to micrometer-sized B4C particles were fabricated via powder metallurgy route consisting of spark plasma sintering(SPS)and hot extrusion and rolling(HER),followed by T6 treatment.The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties were investigated.Results showed that the status of B4C particles changed from a network after SPS to a dispersion distribution after HER.The substructured grains reached 66.5%owing to the pinning effect of nano-sized B4C,and the grain size was refined from 3.12μm to 1.56μm after HER.After T6 treatment,dispersed Mg_(2)Si precipitated phases formed,and the grain size increased to 1.87μm.Fine recrystallized grains around micro-sized B4C were smaller than those in the areas with uniform distribution of nano-sized B4C and Mg_(2)Si.The stress distributions of as-rolled and heated composites were similar,considering that the T6 heat treatment was only effective in eliminating the first internal stress.The Vickers,microhardness,and tensile strength of as-SPSed composites were greatly improved from HV 55.45,0.86 GPa,and 180 MPa to HV 77.51,1.08 GPa,and 310 MPa,respectively.Despite the precipitation strengthening,the corresponding values of as-heated composites decreased to HV 70.82,0.85 GPa,and 230 MPa owing to grain coarsening.

Effect of Al2O3np on the Properties and Microstructure of B4Cp/Al Composites

Aluminum-matrix boron carbide (B4Cp/Al) is a kind of neutron absorbing material widely used in nuclear spent fuel storage. In order to improve the tensile property of B4Cp/Al composites, a new type of nano-Al2O3 particle (Al2O3np) reinforced B4Cp/Al + Al2O3np composites were prepared by powder metallurgy method. The Monte Carlo particle transport program (MCNP) was used to determine the influence of Al2O3np on the thermal neutron absorptivity of composites. The universal material testing machine and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to study the mechanical properties, microstructure and fracture morphology of B4Cp/Al composites. The results indicated that the neutron absorption properties of B4Cp/Al composites were not affected by the addition of nano-Al2O3 particles in the range of 1 wt%-15 wt%. The addition of Al2O3np can obviously reduce the grain size of B4Cp/Al matrix metals thus improve the tensile strength of the composites. The addition threshold of Al2O3np is about 2.5 wt%. Both B4Cp and Al2O3np change the fracture characteristics of the composites from toughness to brittleness, and the latter is more important.

Hybrid multi-objective optimization of microstructural and mechanical properties of B_4C/A356 composites fabricated by FSP using TOPSIS and modified NSGA-Ⅱ

A356alloy was used as the base metal to produce boron carbide(B4C)/A356composites using friction stir processing(FSP).The microstructural and mechanical properties of B4C/A356composites were optimized using artificial neural network(ANN)and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II).Firstly,microstructural properties of the composites fabricated in different processing conditions were investigated.Results show that FSP parameters such as rotational speed,traverse speed and tool pin profile significantly affect the size of the primary silicon(Si)particles of the base metal,as well as the dispersion quality and volume fraction of reinforcing B4C particles in the composite layer.Higher rotational to traverse speeds ratio accompanied by threaded pin profile leads to better particles distribution,finer Si particles and smaller B4C agglomerations.Secondly,hardness and tensile tests were performed to study mechanical properties of the composites.FSP changes the fracture mechanism from brittle form in the as-received metal to very ductile form in the FSPed specimens.Then,a relation between the FSP parameters and microstructural and mechanical properties of the composites was established using ANN.A modified NSGA-II by incorporating diversity preserving mechanism called theεelimination algorithm was employed to obtain the Pareto-optimal set of FSP parameters.

High thermal stability of diamond-cBN-B_4C-Si composites

Improving the thermal stability of diamond and other superhard materials has great significance in various applications. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of bulk diamond–cBN–B4C–Si composites sintered at high pressure and high temperature（HPHT, 5.2 GPa, 1620–1680 K for 3–5 min）. The results show that the diamond, cBN, B4C,BxSiC, SiO2 and amorphous carbon or a little surplus Si are present in the sintered samples. The onset oxidation temperature of 1673 K in the as-synthesized sample is much higher than that of diamond, cBN, and B4C. The high thermal stability is ascribed to the covalent bonds of B–C, C–N, and the solid-solution of BxSiC formed during the sintering process. The results obtained in this work may be useful in preparing superhard materials with high thermal stability.

B_(4)C_(p)/Al复合材料的界面调控及塑性变形行为研究进展

B^(10)具有优异的热中子屏蔽性能,B^(10)含量高、断裂韧性好、可进行塑性变形加工的B_(4)C_(p)/Al复合材料大尺寸薄板在乏燃料后处理方面有着广阔的应用前景。但是,随着B_(4)C颗粒含量的增多,B_(4)C与Al界面处脆性相增多,导致B_(4)C_(p)/Al复合材料的韧性变差,塑性变形能力减弱,后续塑性加工成型性差。因此,制备热中子屏蔽性能好的高硼含量B_(4)C_(p)/Al板材的关键是在保证高B_(4)C颗粒含量的前提下,通过控制B_(4)C颗粒和Al基体界面反应产物,提高B_(4)C_(p)/Al复合材料的韧性和塑性变形能力。本文首先介绍了B_(4)C_(p)/Al复合材料的制备方法,重点对浸渗法进行了论述,并介绍了B_(4)C_(p)/Al复合材料的塑性变形机制,对热加工温度、应变速率和B_(4)C_(p)/Al复合材料界面结构对B_(4)C_(p)/Al的塑性变形能力和热轧性能的影响进行了综述。同时,介绍了国内外近年来通过控制浸渗温度、添加合金元素和陶瓷颗粒等方法,实现对B_(4)C_(p)/Al复合材料界面成分、结构调控的研究成果。最后,本文对采用浸渗和热轧加工制备用于乏燃料后处理的高硼含量B_(4)C_(p)/Al复合材料大尺寸薄板的研究进行了展望。

B元素添加对超声辅助铸造法制备B_(4)C_(p)/Al复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过在Al-B_4C-K_2TiF_6反应体系中添加KBF_4引入B元素,采用超声辅助铸造法制备B_(4)C_(p)/Al复合材料。研究B元素添加对复合材料显微组织、力学性能及界面反应机理的影响。实验结果表明,添加B元素可以改变B_(4)C_(p)/Al的界面结构,使更多的小粒径TiB_2颗粒分布在基体中,因此空化和声流效应进一步增强,熔体中的B_4C团簇被破碎,使复合材料组织更加均匀、综合力学性能得到改善。

Compressive behavior of high particle content B_4C/Al composite at elevated temperature

The compressive properties of the aluminum matrix composite reinforced with 55% B4C （volume fraction） particles were characterized using Gleeble 3500 thermal-mechanical testing machine. The compressive stress--strain curves were obtained at the temperature ranging from 298 to 773 K and strain rate ranging from 1×10^（-3） to 5 s ^（-1）. The results showed that the dynamic compressive strength decreased more slowly than the quasi-static compressive strength at elevated temperatures, which was attributed to the different failure modes of the composite under dynamic and quasi-static load. The strain rate sensitivity increased from 0.02 to 0.13 when the temperature increased from room temperature to 773 K, suggesting that the strain rate sensitivity of this type of composite is a function of temperature.

Comprehensive study on quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties and wear behavior of Mg–B4C composite compacted at several loading rates through powder metallurgy

The present study aims to fabricate and evaluate the mechanical properties and wear behavior of Mg metal matrix composite,reinforced by 0,1.5,3,5 and 10 vol.%B4C microparticles.Mg−B4C samples were fabricated at 450℃ and under different loading rates by using split Hopkinson bar(SHB),drop hammer(DH)and Instron(QS)at strain rates of 1600,800 and 0.008 s–1,respectively.The mechanical properties including microhardness,quasi-static and dynamic compressive strengths and wear behavior of samples were experimentally investigated.The results show that,the hardness of SHB and DH samples is obtained to be 20.2%and 5.7%higher than that of the QS sample,respectively.The wear rate and wear mass loss of Mg–10.0%B4C samples fabricated by SHB were determined lower than those of the QS sample by nearly 33%and 39%,respectively.The quasi-static compressive strengths of Mg−5.0%B4C are improved by 39%,30%and 29%for the SHB,DH and QS samples,respectively,in comparison with the case of pure Mg.Furthermore,it is discovered that the dynamic compressive strength of samples is 51%−110%higher than their quasi-static value with respect to the B4C content.

Microstructure and abrasive wear behaviour of anodizing composite films containing Si C nanoparticles on Ti6Al4V alloy

Anodized composite films containing Si C nanoparticles were synthesized on Ti6Al4 V alloy by anodic oxidation procedure in C4O6H4Na2 electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were employed to characterize the morphology and composition of the films fabricated in the electrolytes with and without addition of Si C nanoparticles. Results show that Si C particles can be successfully incorporated into the oxide film during the anodizing process and preferentially concentrate within internal cavities and micro-cracks. The ball-on-disk sliding tests indicate that Si C-containing oxide films register much lower wear rate than the oxide films without Si C under dry sliding condition. Si C particles are likely to melt and then are oxidized by frictional heat during sliding tests. Potentiodynamic polarization behavior reveals that the anodized alloy with Si C nanoparticles results in a reduction in passive current density to about 1.54×10-8 A/cm2, which is more than two times lower than that of the Ti O2 film(3.73×10-8 A/cm2). The synthesized composite film has good anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties and the growth mechanism of nanocomposite film is also discussed.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Combusion Synthesis and Reaction Hot Pressing of Al_2O_3/B_4C Composite

The equilibrium phases and adiabatic temperature for combustion synthesis and reaction hot pressing of Al 2O 3/B 4C employing ① Al, B 2O 3 and C ② C, B, Al 2O 3 as starting reactants were analyzed by the CALPHAD technique. It is shown that the equilibrium phases at the adiabatic temperature in the combusion system (1) are not the intended composite Al 2O 3/B 4C but other phases. Good agreement with the experimental data was achieved for the calculated adiabatic temperature. The results were discussed with respect to the elimination of the by product in the combustion synthesis. It also revealed that the reactant mixture (2) is a weak exothermic or endothermic reaction system, which can be employed in the reaction hot pressing.

B_4C/Al复合材料的研究进展及展望

综述了国内外B4C/Al复合材料的制备过程、反应产物、结构及主要性能。指出B4C/Al复合材料的主要反应产物为B4C、Al、Al4BC(Al3BC)、AlB24C4、AlB2、Al3B48C2及Al4C3,并讨论了B4C/Al复合材料界面反应产物对材料性能的影响和解决途径。同时指出B4C/Al梯度复合材料必将成为研究的发展方向。

无压浸渗法制备B_4C/Al复合材料研究

采用无压浸渗法,分别以纯铝、超硬铝LC4和铸造铝合金9Si-3Mg-1Zn为渗体和碳化硼陶瓷预制体进行复合,制备出有高陶瓷体分比的B-Al-C陶瓷-金属复合材料,弯曲强度350～600MPa,韧性5～9MPa·m-1/2,采用扫描电镜,X射线衍射仪和金相显微镜和透射电镜对材料的微观结构进行分析,分析结果表明材料界面复合良好,在碳化硼和铝的界面有薄的Al3BC反应层生成使碳化硼与铝紧密结合,在复合材料中碳化硼形成连续的骨架结构,金属相起到增韧、增强的作用。

B_4C加入量对Al_2O_3-SiC-C铁沟浇注料力学性能的影响

以电熔棕刚玉为骨料,碳化硅、白刚玉、硅粉、球沥青、硅微粉、氧化铝微粉及高铝水泥为细粉,按大颗粒、中颗粒、细粉的质量比为55∶15∶30配料,分别外加0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%的碳化硼细粉,加水和少量减水剂共混后,振动成型为160 mm×40 mm×40 mm的试样。自然干燥24 h脱模后,再自然干燥24 h,在空气气氛中分别于800、1 000、1 200、1 550℃下热处理3 h。检测各温度热处理后试样的线变化率、显气孔率、体积密度、耐压强度、抗折强度以及抗氧化性,高温抗折强度是在空气气氛中于1 400℃0.5 h进行检测,并利用XRD分析部分试样经高温抗折试验后的物相组成。结果表明:由于B4C在较低温度下氧化产生少量液相,一方面促进了材料的烧结,增大了中温强度;另一方面在材料表面形成防氧化膜,阻碍了炭素材料的氧化,利于次生β-SiC的形成,因而增大了浇注料的高温抗折强度。在本试验条件下,B4C加入量为0.4%时,浇注料的力学性能最好。

以Al-B_4C-C为烧结助剂的SiC陶瓷液相烧结研究

尝试以含Ａｌ、Ｂ、Ｃ的化合物为烧结助剂进行了α－ＳｉＣ粉末的无压烧结，研究了烧结助剂中Ａｌ和Ｂ的配比、烧结温度、保温时间等因素对烧结体密度和力学性能的影响．结果表明，最佳保温时间为１ｈ；当烧结温度为１８５０℃以上时，烧结体的相对密度达到了９０％；当Ａｌ／Ｂ＝３和 ４时，烧结体的性能相对较好．ＸＲＤ显示了Ａｌ８Ｂ４Ｃ７相的存在，表明在烧结过程中反应生成了Ａｌ８Ｂ４Ｃ７，烧结机制是液相烧结．扫描电镜照片显示了断面结构和晶粒形貌．

Effect of CuO addition on microstructure and properties of aluminum composites produced by quick spontaneous infiltration process

Al matrix composites with a high volume fraction of reinforcements were fabricated with a compact of Al-Ti-B4C powder mixtures by quick spontaneous infiltration(QSI) process in an aluminum melt. Given the exothermal nature of the reaction between CuO and Al, a certain amount of CuO addition to the Al-Ti-B4C system dramatically increases the adiabatic temperature and thereby enables the complete combustion reaction in an aluminum melt(about 1,173 K). After the QSI process, the compact fabricated with CuO retains its original shape and the obtained composite exhibits sound microstructure containing reaction products of TiB2, Al3BC and B4C. The formation of such reinforcements when adding CuO contributes to enhancing the properties of the composites that show far superior hardness and elastic modulus of 3.03 GPa and 158.9 GPa, respectively, with lower coefficient of thermal expansion(9.44 ppm?K-1) compared to those with no CuO addition.