Effect of Ni content on the wear behavior of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni/SiC particles composites

In recent years,the addition of Ni has been widely acknowledged to be capable of enhancing the mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys.However,the effect of Ni on the wear behaviors of Al-Si alloys and Al matrix composites,particularly at elevated temperat-ures,remains an understudied area.In this study,Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni/20wt%SiC particles(SiCp)composites with varying Ni contents were prepared by using a semisolid stir casting method.The effect of Ni content on the dry sliding wear behavior of the prepared compos-ites was investigated through sliding tests at 25 and 350℃.Results indicated that theθ-Al_(2)Cu phase gradually diminished and eventually disappeared as the Ni content increased from 0wt%to 3wt%.This change was accompanied by the formation and increase inδ-Al_(3)CuNi andε-Al_(3)Ni phases in microstructures.The hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the as-cast composites improved,and the wear rates of the composites decreased from 5.29×10^(−4)to 1.94×10^(−4)mm^(3)/(N∙m)at 25℃and from 20.2×10^(−4)to 7×10^(−4)mm^(3)/(N∙m)at 350℃with the increase in Ni content from 0wt%to 2wt%.The enhancement in performance was due to the presence of strengthening network structures and additional Ni-containing phases in the composites.However,the wear rate of the 3Ni composite was approximately two times higher than that of the 2Ni composite due to the fracture and debonding of theε-Al_(3)Ni phase.Abrasive wear,delamination wear,and oxidation wear were the predominant wear mechanisms of the investigated composites at 25℃,whereas delamination wear and oxid-ation wear were dominant during sliding at 350℃.

Damping properties and mechanism of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with glass cenospheres

The damping properties were improved by preparing Al matrix composites reinforced with glass cenospheres through the pressure infiltration method.Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the microstructure of the composites.The low-frequency damping properties were examined by using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer,aiming at exploring the changing trend of damping capacity with strain,temperature,and frequency.The findings demonstrated that the damping value rose as temperature and strain increased,with a maximum value of 0.15.Additionally,the damping value decreased when the frequency increased.Dislocation damping under strain and interfacial damping under temperature served as the two primary damping mechanisms.The increase in the density of dislocation strong pinning points following heat treatment reduced the damping value,which was attributed to the heat treatment enhancement of the interfacial bonding force of the composites.

Recent Advances in Interface Modification of Cu/graphite Composites and Layered Ternary Carbides of Modified Layer Candidate

We review the fundamental properties and significant issues related to Cu/graphite composites.In particular,recent research on the interfacial modification of Cu/graphite composites is addressed,including the metal-modified layer,carbide-modified layer,and combined modified layer.Additionally,we propose the use of ternary layered carbide as an interface modification layer for Cu/graphite composites.

Carbon Fiber Breakage Mechanism in Aluminum(Al)/Carbon Fibers(CFs) Composite Sheet during Accumulative Roll Bonding(ARB) Process

We put forward a method of fabricating Aluminum(Al)/carbon fibers(CFs) composite sheets by the accumulative roll bonding(ARB) method. The finished Al/CFs composite sheet has CFs and pure Al sheets as sandwich and surface layers. After cross-section observation of the Al/CFs composite sheet, we found that the CFs discretely distributed within the sandwich layer. Besides, the tensile test showed that the contribution of the sandwich CFs layer to tensile strength was less than 11% compared with annealed pure Al sheet. With ex-situ observation of the CFs breakage evolution with-16%,-32%, and-45% rolling reduction during the ARB process, the plastic instability of the Al layer was found to bring shear damages to the CFs. At last, the bridging strengthening mechanism introduced by CFs was sacrificed. We provide new insight into and instruction on Al/CFs composite sheet preparation method and processing parameters.

Microstructure,interfacial reaction behavior,and mechanical properties of Ti_(3)AlC_(2)reinforced Al6061 composites

The interfacial reaction behavior of Al and Ti_(3)AlC_(2)at different pouring temperatures and its effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.The results show that the addition of3.0 wt.%Ti_(3)AlC_(2)refines the average grain size ofα(Al)in the composite by 50.1%compared to Al6061 alloy.Morphological analyses indicate that an in-situ Al_(3Ti)transition layer of-180 nm in thickness is generated around the edge of Ti_(3)AlC_(2)at 720℃,forming a well-bonded Al-Al_(3Ti)interface.At this processing temperature,the ultimate tensile strength of A16061-3.0 wt.%Ti_(3)AlC_(2)composite is 199.2 MPa,an improvement of 41.5%over the Al6061 matrix.Mechanism analyses further elucidate that 720℃is favourable for forming the nano-sized transition layer at the Ti_(3)AlC_(2)edges.And,the thermal mismatch strengthening plays a dominant role in this state,with a strengthening contribution of about 74.8%.

Microstructure evolution,mechanical properties and fracture behavior of Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites prepared by a compound casting

In this paper,the effect of the Si content on microstructure evolution,mechanical properties,and fracture behavior of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites prepared by compound casting was investigated systematically.The obtained results showed that all the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites had a metallurgical reaction layer(MRL),whose thickness increased with increasing Si content for the hypoeutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites,while the hypereutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites were opposite.The MRL included eutectic layer(E layer),intermetallic compound layer(IMC layer)and transition region layer(T layer).In the IMC layer,the hypereutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites contained some Si solid solution and flocculent Mg_(2)Si+Al-Mg IMCs phases not presented in the hypoeutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites.Besides,increasing Si content,the thickness proportion of the T layer increased,forming an inconsistent preferred orientation of the MRL.The shear strengths of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites enhanced with increasing Si content,and the Al-15Si/AZ91D composite obtained a maximum shear strength of 58.6 MPa,which was 73.4% higher than the Al-6Si/AZ91D composite.The fractures of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites transformed from the T layer into the E layer with the increase of the Si content.The improvement of the shear strength of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites was attributed to the synergistic action of the Mg_(2)Si particle reinforcement,the reduction of oxidizing inclusions and the ratio of Al-Mg IMCs as well as the orientation change of the MRL.

不锈钢表面Al/Cu涂层制备与第一性原理计算

为了研究Al/Cu涂层中金属间化合物的生成顺序和形成机理,在304不锈钢基体表面制备了Al/Cu涂层。对试样进行热处理使得Al/Cu涂层原位反应生成金属间化合物,随后测试了涂层的高温抗氧化性能。采用第一性原理计算Al-Cu金属间化合物的焓、熵、吉布斯自由能和热容等数据。将热力学和扩散动力学相结合,提出有效生成自由能模型来预测化合物在Al/Cu界面的生成顺序。结果表明:Al/Cu涂层中首先形成Al_(2)Cu相,在Al/Cu界面处出现了AlCu相,加热时间增加至20 h后出现了富Cu的Al_(4)Cu_(9)相。由第一性原理计算得出,Al-Cu金属间化合物的形成顺序为Al_(2)Cu→AlCu→Al_(4)Cu_(9),与实验结果一致。此外,氧化实验结果表明,涂层具有良好高温抗氧化性能。

Cu含量以及Cu/Mg比对Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了Cu含量和Cu/Mg比对Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金凝固组织是否形成Mg_(2)Si、Q-Al_(5)Cu_(2)Mg_(8)Si_(6)以及θ-Al_(2)Cu取决于Cu含量以及Cu/Mg比。当Cu/Mg比相对低时形成Mg_(2)Si中间相,而Cu/Mg比高时则倾向于生成Q-Al_(5)Cu_(2)Mg_(8)Si_(6)和θ-Al_(2)Cu相。当Cu/Mg比相同时,高Cu含量和高Mg含量都会促进Q相θ相的形成。通过观察T6热处理后的组织发现Cu含量以及Cu/Mg比控制了初生相的溶解以及析出相的形成,从而影响合金的强度与韧性。通过控制Cu含量及Cu/Mg比使Al-9Si-2Cu-0.5Mg合金中析出较少数量的初生相,再通过热处理析出大量的Q′强化相,使合金具有较高的强度和相对适中的伸长率。

热挤压对快速凝固Al-Si-Fe-Cu-Mg合金显微组织及性能的影响

采用单辊旋淬法制备了快速凝固Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg合金,采用了SEM对其进行观察分析。结果表明,快速凝固能够极大细化Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg合金组织,抑制Si相及β-Fe相的析出长大,且组织的细化程度呈梯度分布。对快速凝固Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg合金进行了不同工艺参数的热挤压实验。结果表明,粉末包套热挤压工艺能够使快速凝固Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg带材合金致密化,当挤压温度为400℃、挤压比为1∶16时,合金获得了较优异的力学性能,其屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到了456 MPa和805 MPa,压缩率为9.3%。

高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金静态再结晶模型及组织演变

采用Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机对航空用Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的热变形行为进行了测试,对变形后的微观组织进行了表征,系统分析了静态软化行为,建立了静态再结晶动力学模型。结果表明:实验用航空Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的静态再结晶激活能为129162 J·mol^(-1),静态再结晶体积分数受变形温度、变形程度、变形速率的影响,且变形温度对静态再结晶影响最明显;变形速率一定时,变形温度越高,道次停留时间的影响越不明显;350℃低温变形后,α-Al基体晶粒内部仍存在大量的位错缠结;400℃中温变形后,位错运动能够充分进行,部分晶粒发生了再结晶;450℃高温变形后,基体晶粒基本全部完成了再结晶,基体晶粒内部发现5~25 nm尺寸范围的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu四元相粒子;对于不同热变形条件,模型预测值的误差在0.008~0.0625范围内,动力学模型的计算结果精确度较高。

Al-12.0Si-4.0Cu-0.7Mg-1.5Ni合金固溶处理工艺研究

对铸态Al-12.0Si-4.0Cu-0.7Mg-1.5Ni合金进行了双级固溶+时效处理,采用SEM、XRD、硬度测试等研究了双级固溶中第二级固溶温度和时间对铸态合金组织与硬度的影响。结果表明:铸态Al-12.0Si-4.0Cu-0.7Mg-1.5Ni合金组织主要由α-Al固溶体、块状初生Si相、针状共晶Si相以及网状第二相组成。经过双级固溶处理后,合金中块状初生Si相明显钝化,共晶Si相明显细化,网状第二相也显著碎化。490℃×2 h+525℃×4 h双级固溶处理合金中网状相基本完全碎化,共晶Si相最为细小。随着双级固溶中第二级固溶温度的提高,固溶时间的延长,T6态Al-12.0Si-4.0Cu-0.7Mg-1.5Ni合金的硬度先升高后降低,490℃×2 h+525℃×4 h双级固溶+180℃×6 h时效处理合金的硬度最高,达到88.2 HRB。

T6态热挤压Al-5Cu-0.8Mg-0.15Zr-0.2Sc-0.5Ag合金的低周疲劳行为

为了揭示经过T6处理的热挤压Al-5Cu-0.8Mg-0.15Zr-0.2Sc-0.5Ag合金在不同温度下的低周疲劳变形与断裂行为,对T6态热挤压合金进行了室温和200℃条件下的低周疲劳实验。结果表明:在室温和200℃下合金塑性应变幅与载荷反向周次之间服从Coffin-Manson公式,而弹性应变幅与载荷反向周次之间服从Basquin公式;合金在室温和200℃下低周疲劳变形时,在较低外加总应变幅下疲劳变形机制主要为平面滑移,而在较高外加总应变幅下疲劳变形机制主要为波状滑移;室温和200℃下合金的疲劳裂纹均萌生于疲劳试样表面并以穿晶方式扩展。

Mn微合金化Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金显微组织及耐蚀性能研究

Al-Si-Cu-Mg系列合金具有优异的强韧性,但其中的含Cu强化相极大地影响了该系合金的耐蚀性能。因此,本文通过对不同Mn含量的Al-7Si-2Cu-0.6Mg合金进行显微组织观察和电化学分析,探究Mn元素的添加对T6热处理状态下合金微观结构和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,Mn添加量的提高对合金显微硬度几乎没有影响,但在合金基体中可以观察到弥散相。随着Mn含量升高,合金的耐蚀性呈现先升高后降低的趋势。添加0.360%Mn(质量分数)合金具有最佳耐蚀性,腐蚀电流密度比基础合金减少了54%。腐蚀形貌观察结果表明,Mn的添加可以显著减弱合金的点蚀趋势。

PF-LBM耦合模型下Al-Cu合金的枝晶生长和气泡形成

基于Shan-Chen多相流的格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟复杂多相流系统,探索气泡在液相中的生长和运动.研究了Al-4.0wt.%Cu合金在凝固过程中枝晶与气泡的相互作用,各向异性对凝固组织的影响以及枝晶与气泡共存时溶液密度的变化情况.结果表明:在定向凝固枝晶生长模型中,气泡先在枝晶底部析出,压差导致气泡上升,流动的过程中会与枝晶产生相互作用且会出现气泡合并与消失的情况,在枝晶间密集通道处大气泡会变成蠕虫形状.模拟区域的高长比会影响枝晶和气泡的生长情况,当高长比较小时更容易产生短而小的气泡,高长比较大时更容易产生蠕虫状气泡.在等轴枝晶生长模型中,气泡在枝晶间析出,随着枝晶的生长,气泡同样会发生合并与消失的情况,并且在受到挤压时发生形变.

Al-Cu-Sc铝合金板材不同热处理状态下的组织和力学性能研究

以厚度为3 mm的Al-Cu-Sc铝合金板材为研究对象,利用EBSD技术对人工时效态(T6态)和退火态(O态)板材的微观组织进行分析;对T6态、O态、W态以及经过预拉伸变形和人工时效处理得到的T8态板材在室温下进行单向拉伸测试,研究不同热处理状态下板材的力学性能变化规律。结果表明:T6态和O态板材中都存在[001]方向的织构,且O态板材的织构更强。T6态板材的晶界以大角度晶界为主,O态板材的晶界以小角度晶界为主,且其晶粒尺寸远大于T6态板材。T6态和W态Al-Cu-Sc板材轧制方向与横向强度基本一样,而O态板材轧向强度明显高于横向。O态板材的强度最低,T6态板材的塑性最差,而W态板材具有最小的屈强比和最大的应变硬化指数n值,成形性能最好。此外,经过预拉伸和人工时效后得到的T8态板材强度显著提升,当预拉伸变形量为5%和7%时,T8态板材抗拉强度超过500 MPa。

Cu含量对Al-Cu-Li合金淬火敏感性的影响

采用薄板叠层末端淬火的方法,通过强度测试、连续冷却转变(CCT)和时间-温度-转化率(TTT)曲线计算及X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等微观组织表征方法,研究了Cu含量(3.15%、3.63%和3.88%)对Al-Cu-Li合金淬火敏感性的影响,结合理论分析,从析出驱动力和形核位点的角度分析了Cu含量影响淬火敏感性的机理。结果表明:随着Cu含量的增加,晶格畸变能增加,Li的溶解度降低,淬火态合金中位错和残留第二相增多,含Li相的析出驱动力和非均匀形核位点增加,淬火沉淀相增多;随着临界冷却速率的增大,鼻尖温度孕育期缩短,强度残存率减小,Al-Cu-Li合金淬火敏感性提高。T8态合金强度受Cu含量和淬火速率共同作用,淬火速率较高时,主要受Cu含量的影响;淬火速率较低时,Cu含量的影响减小。

Morphology and Frictional Characteristics Under Electrical Currents of Al_2O_3/Cu Composites Prepared by Internal Oxidation

Two Al2O3/Cu composites containing 0.24 wt.% Al2O3 and 0.60 wt.% Al2O3 separately are prepared by internal oxidation. Effects of sliding speed and pressure on the frictional characteristics of the composites and copper against brass are investigated and compared. The changes in morphology of the sliding surface and subsurface are examined with scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum （EDS）. The results show that the wear resistance of the Al2O3/Cu composites is superior to that of copper under the same conditions, Under a given electrical current, the wear rate of Al2O3/Cu composites decreases as the Al2O3-content increases, However, the wear rates of the Al2O3/Cu composites and copper increase as the sliding speed and pressure increase under dry sliding condition. The main wear mechanisms for Al2O3/Cu composites are of abrasion and adhesion; for copper, it is adhesion, although wear by oxidation and electrical erosion can also be observed as the speed and pressure rise.

基于机器学习的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金快速设计

提出一种基于机器学习的合金快速设计系统(ARDS),以定制所需性能的合金制备策略或预测制备策略所对应的合金性能。为此,分别对3种回归算法:线性回归(LR)、支持向量回归(SVR)和人工神经网络(BPNN)进行建模和比较以训练多性能预测模型。其中,应用SVR构建的机器学习模型被证明是最佳的。然后,基于生成对抗网络(GAN)模型原理,构建Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金快速设计系统(ARDS)。对ARDS的预测可靠性进行验证。结果表明,为了能够获得准确的制备策略,系统中极限抗拉强度(UTS)、屈服强度(YS)和伸长率(EL)的输入上限分别约为790 MPa、730 MPa和28%。此外,基于ARDS预测结果,制备了一种性能优异的新型铝合金材料,其UTS为764 MPa、YS为732 MPa、EL为10.1%,进一步验证了ARDS的可靠性。

热处理工艺对Al-Si-Mg-Cu合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和万能拉伸试验机等研究了固溶温度、固溶时间、时效温度以及时效时间等工艺参数对Al-Si-Mg-Cu合金微观组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,固溶温度由500℃升高至545℃时,合金的共晶硅尺寸逐渐减小,545℃时共晶硅平均尺寸达到最小,超过550℃合金会发生部分过烧现象;固溶温度为545℃时,固溶时间由2 h增加至16 h,共晶硅尺寸随着固溶时间增加先减小后增大,固溶时间为12 h时,共晶硅的平均尺寸最小;时效处理后合金的硬度显著提升,时效温度由155℃升高至185℃时,峰值时效时间从8 h减少至4 h,在175℃时效时合金的峰值硬度最高;155℃时效时合金的组织中仅观察到β″相,在高于155℃峰值时效时组织中均观察到β″相与θ′相,实现了双析出相强化,175℃峰值时效时合金的抗拉强度可达365 MPa,但断后伸长率下降至2.1%。综合考虑合金的强度和韧性,合适的热处理工艺为545℃×12 h+165℃×8 h。

Al−Cu−Li−Mg合金纳米相之间溶质配分行为的第一性原理研究

采用一性原理计算考察25种合金化元素在大多数商业牌号Al−Cu−Li−Mg合金中主要纳米相(δʹ-Al3Li、θʹ-Al2Cu、T1-Al6Cu4Li3和S-Al2CuMg)之间的溶质配分能和配分行为。计算结果表明,主合金化元素Li不能直接影响θʹ和S相,Cu不能直接影响δʹ相,Mg不能直接影响θʹ和δʹ相,但可以较弱地固溶于T1相。对于微合金化元素,Si是唯一一种可以固溶于4种纳米相的元素。Au能固溶于δʹ、θʹ和S相,Cd能固溶于δʹ、T1和S相,Zr能固溶于δʹ和T1相,Ni仅有微弱的趋势固溶于θʹ和S相。Ti、V、Zn、Ag和Mo只能固溶于δʹ相,而Cr、Mn、Fe和Co对这4种纳米相均没有直接影响。几乎所有的稀土元素均能强烈固溶于T1、δʹ和S相,但无法固溶于θʹ相。仅Sc略显特殊,对S相没有明显的固溶趋势。计算预测的溶质配分能构成了一个原型数据库,有利于指导和加速Al−Li合金及其他相关Al合金的设计。