Industrial practice of clad-rolling in heavy steel plate production

In this paper,a brief introduction on clad-rolling heavy steel plates of 90 mm and 140 mm thick is presented.The steel plates were hot rolled by 265mm slabs that are cladded by double 135mm continuous casting slabs of Q235 steel.After hot rolling,interface of the cladding slabs completely disappeared, revealing uniform grains similar to the rest of the materials.Ultrasonic tests were carried out on both steel plates,demonstrating excellent results.Through thickness tensile tests were also implemented on both steel plates,resulting in perfect mechanical properties complying with specific standards.The result proves that a minimum reduction rate of 1.89 is available in producing 140 mm thick steel plate with excellent through thickness properties.

Performance analysis of the SAW joint of duplex stainless steel clad plate

Duplex stainless steel clad plate exhibits good performance and is relatively inexpensive,however,some difficulties must be overcome when welding different materials. In this study,submerged arc welding（ SAW） was used to weld Baosteel ship clad plates（ 2205 ＋ DH36）,and the performance of the welded joints was tested. The results indicate that the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance of the welded joints meet the required specifications. The distribution of the main anti-corrosive elements and the phase ratio of the welded joint are analyzed,thereby indicating excellent uniformity and confirming that the welded joint is corrosion resistant.

Gas metal arc welding of duplex stainless clad steel plates

The 2205 duplex stainless ＋ DH36 clad steel plate was welded by gas metal arc welding（GMAW）, and the welding performance of the clad steel plate was investigated. The results show that the adaptability of the welding procedure for the base metal of carbon steel, the transition layer, and the cladding material is excellent. The test results indicate that the phase proportion and component dilution of the GMAW-welded joints of clad steel plate can be effectively controlled to yield joints with good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

Semi-solid Processing of Steel-Al-7 Graphite Binding Plate

The bonding of steel plate to Al 7graphite slurry was studied for the first time. The relationship model about preheat temperature of steel plate,solid fraction of Al 7graphite slurry, rolling speed and interfacial shear strength of bonding plate could be established by artificial neural networks perfectly.This model could be optimized with a genetic algorithm.The optimum bonding parameters are:516℃ for preheat temperature of steel plate,32.5% for solid fraction of Al 7graphite slurry and 12mm/s for rolling speed,and the largest interfacial shear strength of bonding plate is 70.6MPa.

Microstructure and properties of S30403+Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels

To meet the demand of the domestic pressure vessel industry for roll-bonded clad steel plates, Baosteel has developed an S30403 ＋ Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate. Comprehensive inspections of the composition, microstructure, and properties are made to systematically evaluate the steel plate in the normalized and normalized ＋ stress relieved states. The results show the cladding interface of the S30403 ＋ Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate has high shear strength, the base metal has good properties, and the mechanical properties of the steel plate head and tail are uniform. The performance is fully consistent with the technical requirements of the roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels.

Development of SA-533 Type B CL. 1+SA-240 Type 304L roll-bonded clad steel plate for safety injection tank of CAP1400 nuclear power plant

Aiming to meet the demand of the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project on the CAP1400 nuclear power plant, Baosteel uses the roll-bonding technology and develops the SA-533 Type B CL. 1 ＋ SA-240 Type 304L high-strength and high-toughness clad steel plate with a shear strength of over 310 MPa for the nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank. The properties of the quenched and tempered and the simulated post-weld heat treatment states are systematically studied herein through a comprehensive inspection and evaluation of the composition,microstructure,and properties of the clad steel plate. The results show that the bonding interface has high shear strength and that the base metal has high strength and good toughness at low temperatures. Hence, the performance fully meets the technical requirements of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank in the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project. The roll-bonded clad steel plate can be used to manufacture the safety injection tank of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant.

Study on the interface of direct hot rolling titanium-clad steel plates

In this study,the interface characteristics of a direct hot rolling titanium-clad steel plate were analyzed, and the mechanism of interface cracking was explored. The detrimental effect from the formation of TiFe ,TiC,and a Si-enriched layer on the bonding strength was clarified, and an industrial-scaled titanium-clad steel plate with shear strength over 200 MPa was produced with a carefully set schedule accordingly. It was found that hot rolling titanium-clad steel plates had a flat interface without obvious cracks. In the rolling process,both Ti and Fe atoms interdiflhsed,but Fe difthsed much faster than Ti. The Fe-diffused area consisted of three regions. After a high temperature heat treatment, the diffusion depth of Fe and Ti elements increased significantly and evident Si segregation and TiFe layers were identified. Thermal cracking initiated in the Si segregation layer and then propagated along the TiFe layer and Fe-diffused layer on the titanium side.

Development of S11306+SA516Gr70 roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels

To meet the demand of the pressure vessel industry, Baosteel has developed an S11306 ＋ SA516Gr70 roll-bonded clad steel plate. Comprehensive inspections of the composition, microstructure, and properties are performed to systematically evaluate the steel plate in normalized state and normalized ＋ stress relieved state. The results show the cladding interface of the Sl1306 ＋ SA516Gr70 roll-bonded clad steel plate has high shear strength, and the base metal has good mechanical properties. The performance is fully consistent with the technical requirements of the roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels.

Effect of Mechanical Surface Treatment on the Bonding Mechanism and Properties of Cold‑Rolled Cu/Al Clad Plate

In the case of valuable cold-rolled Cu/Al clad plates,billet surface treatment before rolling is a significant process that can affect the bonding efficiency and quality.While the current studies primarily focus on the influence of rolling parameters,insufficient attention has been paid to surface treatment.In this study,the effects of mechanical surface treatment on the bonding mechanism and bonding properties of cold-rolled Cu/Al clad plates were investigated.The results showed that different mechanical surface treatments have significant effects on the surface morphology,roughness,and residual stress.In addition,the effect of surface mechanical treatment on bonding quality was also observed to be critical.When the grinding direction was consistent with the rolling direction(RD),the bonding quality of the Cu/Al clad plates was significantly improved.After surface treatment along the RD for 20 s,the Cu/Al clad plates showed the highest shear strength(78 MPa),approximately four times as high as that of the unpolished samples.Simultaneously,the peel strength of this process was also significantly higher than that achieved via the other processes.Finally,on the basis of the surface morphology,roughness,and residual stress,the effect of surface treatment on the bonding mechanism and bonding properties of Cu/Al clad plates was analyzed.This study proposes a deeper understanding of the bonding behavior and bonding mechanism for cold rolled clad plates processed via mechanical surface treatment.

Corrosion behavior of Cu/Al casting-rolled clad plates in different alkaline solution

The effect of pH value and different kinds of anions on the corrosion behavior of Cu/Al casting-rolled clad plates in the alkaline solution was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),weight loss analysis,3D confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)and electrochemical test.Results show the corrosion mainly occurs on the aluminum side.The corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al decreases as the pH value increases.When pH≥12,the dissolution of the film layer is faster than the passivation process.The addition of Cl^(-)ions reduces the corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al clad plates,which leads to pitting corrosion.The higher the concentration of Cl^(-)ions,the more prone the pitting to occur.The addition of SO_(4)^(2-)ions causes the denudation of the samples.The corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al is better in the alkaline solution containing NO_(3)^(-)ions than that in the solution containing Cl^(-)ions or SO_(4)^(2-)ions.When adding SO_(4)^(2-),NO^(3)^(-)and Cl^(-)to the pure alkaline solution,the corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al clad plates decreases.

Overview of stainless-steel clad-plate welding

Types of bimetal clad plate, manufacturing methods, and their fields of application were summarized. In particular,key aspects of the welding of clad-rolled stainless steel were described, including the weldability of the base and clad metals, design criteria for the transition layer, the selection of the type of welding process and consumables used, types of blanking and welding bevels, preparation and assembly prior to welding, welding procedure requirements, post-weld cleaning and heat treatment, and welding quality inspection. This paper will serve as a reference for the welding technology used in future consumer applications in related fields.

SUS441不锈钢/Al金属间化合物微叠层复合板的界面结构与力学性能

采用“表面预处理—交替层叠—热轧复合—热处理”的工艺流程制备了SUS441不锈钢/Al金属间化合物微叠层复合板。利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等检测与表征方法研究了热处理温度对复合板界面形貌、微观组织、物相组成、维氏硬度、拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:复合板界面结合良好;热处理后,固–液反应界面氧化严重,易导致界面分层而开裂;固–固、固–半固、固–液热处理后,金属间化合物层由均匀层和两相层组成,均匀层的物相组成为Fe_(2)A_(15),两相层的物相组成为Fe_(4)Al_(13)和Al_(13)Cr_(2),且两相层具有韧性特征,固–半固反应所得到的复合板的综合力学性能最佳。

喷射成形+轧制Al-Pb/Al/Steel复合板材界面

对喷射成形＋轧制Ａｌ－Ｐｂ／Ａｌ／Ｓｔｅｅｌ复合板材进行了热处理，用ＳＥＭ观察了Ａｌ－Ｐｂ／Ａｌ及 Ａｌ／Ｓｔｅｅｌ界面的变化．结果表明：复合轧制后Ａｌ－Ｐｂ／Ａｌ及Ａｌ／Ｓｔｅｅｌ界面达到了良好的界面初结合； 复合板材热处理后，Ａｌ／Ｓｔｅｅｌ界面在４８０℃／１ｈ＋３００℃／３ｈ的热处理后产生了ＦｅＡｌ金属间化合物.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Al/Ti clad plates prepared via powder-in-tube method

The Ti/Al/Ti clad plates exhibit a broad spectrum of potential applications.However,the conventional techniques of hot-pressing composite and explosive composite are intricate and environmentally hazardous.A novel method was introduced for preparing clad plates,namely,the powder-in-tube method.This method involves a combination of cold rolling,annealing at a temperature of 550℃,and double rolling.The morphology of the intermetallic compound layer was analyzed through the utilization of interface stripping test,tensile test,and microscopic characterization.The interface morphology,interface bonding properties,tensile fracture structures,and properties of plates under the first and second rolling were compared,along with the effects of intermetallic compounds on the interface properties.The results indicate that the powder-in-tube method,when annealed at 550℃,can produce a composite plate featuring a complete and uniform Ti/Al interface.The obtained plate exhibits a peeling strength of 21.5 N/mm,tensile strength of 424 MPa,and elongation of 11.5%.Furthermore,a systematic analysis was conducted to determine the causes of performance degra-dation observed during annealing at temperatures of 600 and 650℃.

中间退火对Cu/Al复合板界面结合性能的影响

分别采用两道次轧制过程中中间退火和未中间退火两种工艺制备了Cu/Al复合板,研究了中间退火处理对复合板界面结合性能的影响。研究结果表明,两种工艺条件下制备的复合板界面均牢固结合,但采用中间退火处理工艺更有利于提升轧后Cu/Al复合板的结合强度。其中,采用未中间退火的两道次轧后复合板的剥离强度为28.29 MPa,而采用中间退火工艺的复合板剥离强度则达到了34.05 MPa。这是因为经过中间退火处理后进行二道次轧制制备的复合板界面由冶金结合区和物理结合区共同组成,协同作用强化了界面的结合性能。

Thickness of compound layer in steel-aluminum solid to liquid bonding

The bonding of solid steel plate to liquid aluminum was studied using rapidsolidification. The surface of solid steel plate was defatted, descaled, immersed (in K_2ZrF_6 fluxaqueous solution) and stoved. In order to determine the thickness of Fe-Al compound layer at theinterface of steel-aluminum solid to liquid bonding under rapid solidification, the interface ofbonding plate was investigated by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) experiment. The relationshipbetween bonding parameters (such as preheat temperature of steel plate, temperature of aluminumliquid and bonding time) and thickness of Fe-Al compound layer at the interface was established byartificial neural networks (ANN) perfectly. The maximum of relative error between the output and thedesired output of the ANN is only 5.4%. From the bonding parameters for the largest interfacialshear strength of bonding plate (226℃ for preheat temperature of steel plate, 723℃ for temperatureof aluminum liquid and 15.8 s for bonding time), the reasonable thickness of Fe-Al compound layer10.8 μm was got.

1Cr13Al4热轧板材连续退火工艺研究

以1Cr13A4热轧板材为研究对象,对其进行不同加热温度和保温时间的热处理试验,保温后进行快速冷却,并对其微观组织及拉伸力学性能进行分析。结果表明:1Cr13Al4热轧板材经连续退火后,组织可实现再结晶,拉伸力学性能可得到有效改善;共总结出6种退火工艺,晶粒相对细小的尺寸为80~100μm,延伸率可达到28%~32%,屈服强度可达到450~470 MPa,抗拉强度可达到570~590 MPa。

Al-AlN-Al_2O_3复相滑板的开发与应用性能

以80%～90%板状刚玉、10%～20%金属铝为主要原料,采用1100℃的高温氮化反应烧结工艺,并经800℃的表面氧化处理,可制得以金属铝、氮化铝为结合相、以刚玉为主晶相的Al-AlN-Al2O3复相结构材料。以其作为钢包滑动水口的滑板材质,取得了良好的应用效果。试验结果表明:熔融金属铝对刚玉颗粒间隙的填充,金属铝氮化及使用时金属铝氧化过程的体积膨胀效应,是获得滑板致密组织结构的主要原因。Al-AlN-Al2O3复相滑板的抗钢液侵蚀性能及抗热震性能优良,其使用寿命是Al2O3-C滑板的2倍。

镁/铝复合板热轧过程轧制力和厚度预测与分析

热轧镁/铝复合板各层厚度直接决定了它能否满足不同环境条件下的使用要求,因此,研究决定各层厚度的轧制力和厚度预测模型对轧制过程控制和产品的性能提升具有重要的意义。本文建立了AZ31B镁合金和5052铝合金在轧制过程中变形抗力的PSO-BP预测模型,高精度地表征其在不同温度、应变和应变速率下的变形特性。结果表明:镁合金对应模型的的R2、RMSE和AARE分别为0.99165、3.4251和0.56%,铝合金对应模型的R2、RMSE和AARE分别为0.99496、2.8092和1.43%,验证了PSO-BP模型用于描述两种金属材料的准确性和可靠性。在镁/铝复合板轧制过程中,轧制力随着压下率和入口总厚度的增加而增大,随着入口厚比的减小,轧制力呈增大的趋势。镁/铝复合板出口厚比随着压下率和入口总厚度的增大而减小,随着入口厚比的减小,出口厚比也呈减小的趋势。

添加Y对炮钢表面电弧离子镀(Ti,Al)N薄膜氧化性能的影响

利用电弧离子镀技术,在炮钢表面沉积TiAlN和TiAlYN两种薄膜,研究添加1%(原子分数)Y对(Ti,Al)N薄膜氧化性能的影响。两种沉积薄膜的样品在空气中850℃下氧化10h,用SEM、EDAX和XRD分别分析两种薄膜的形貌、成分及相组成。结果表明,在空气中850℃下氧化10h后,两种薄膜的氧化产物均为Al2O3和TiO2的混合氧化物;TiAlN薄膜的动力学曲线呈近似直线规律,而TiAlYN薄膜动力学曲线符合抛物线规律;前者表面氧化物晶粒粗大,而后者表面氧化物晶粒细小,且氧化膜厚度不足前者的一半;添加Y可以减少膜层表面液滴的数量,提高膜层的抗氧化性能。