Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Based Techniques for Numerical Modeling and Prediction of Aluminum-5%Magnesium Alloy Doped with REM Neodymium

In this study, the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium doped with rare earth metal neodymium were evaluated. Fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to model the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium (0-0.9 wt%) neodymium. The single input (SI) to the fuzzy logic and artificial neural network models was the percentage weight of neodymium, while the multiple outputs (MO) were average grain size, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength elongation and hardness. The fuzzy logic-based model showed more accurate prediction than the artificial neutral network-based model in terms of the correlation coefficient values (R).

不同应力水平对2195-T34 Al-Li合金时效行为的影响机制研究

研究了不同应力水平下2195-T34 Al-Li合金的时效特性变化。当应力低于材料的高温屈服强度(YS)时,低应力时效(LSA)和无应力时效(SFA)试样的屈服强度和延伸率(EL)相近。当应力超过材料的高温屈服强度时,试样的极限拉伸强度(UTS)和伸长率显著下降,表明应力的增加降低了材料的抗破坏性。透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的观察结果表明:应力对材料时效性能的影响归因于内部析出物特征和晶界富铜析出物的共同作用。应力的增加促使铜原子在晶界发生偏析形成富铜析出物,同时促进了晶界无沉淀区(PFZ)的形成,而富铜析出物是脆性相,可作为损伤的起始位置,容易导致裂纹萌生和发展,降低材料的延展性。

Sc对铸造Al-Li合金组织及力学性能的影响

铸造Al-Li合金可用于成型复杂薄壁构件,在航空航天、国防军工等领域具有广阔的应用前景。细化铸造Al-Li合金组织,提高合金强塑性对其实际应用具有重要意义。本文通过金属型铸造制备不同Sc含量的Al-2Li-2Cu-0.5Mg-xSc合金,分析了Sc含量对合金组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着Sc含量逐渐增加,合金晶粒由树枝晶向近等轴晶转变,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。δ'(Al_(3)Li)相倾向于以Al_(3)Sc相为形核核心,形成Al_(3)(Li, Sc)复合粒子,这些粒子在变形过程中不易被位错切过,减少了Al_(3)Li粒子引起的共面滑移。当添加0.3%Sc(质量分数)时,合金具有较好的综合力学性能,经过175℃/32 h的峰值时效处理后,屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别可以达到381.3 MPa、449.5 MPa和5.8%。

国产Zn-5%Al-混合稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝耐久性研究

以国家速滑馆首次应用的国产Zn-5%Al-混合稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝为研究对象,对其使用性能、基本特性及耐久性等进行研究。采用了国家速滑馆内部高空索体实际服役环境处的大气暴露试验方式,综合考虑索在加工安装过程中易产生的损伤,对索丝试件进行了划痕、刮擦、焊点的预制缺陷设计,研究了含预制缺陷的国产Zn-5%Al-稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝在真实使用环境中的大气腐蚀行为规律,并采用力学性能测试研究了索丝在服役环境大气腐蚀作用下的力学性能变化规律及不同缺陷对力学性能的影响。结果表明,加工安装过程中在索丝表面合金镀层产生的划痕、刮擦、焊点等损伤,会破坏合金镀层的完整性。大气暴露试验和力学性能试验中,三类缺陷对索丝金属镀层防大气腐蚀性能和单丝抗拉强度均有负面影响,其中焊点缺陷影响最大,单丝抗拉强度下降约40%。

热暴露对Al-Cu-Li合金的组织及性能影响

Al-Cu-Li合金作为航空航天工业中一种前景广阔的结构材料,其热稳定性在实际应用中发挥着重要作用。本研究对T85态的Al-Cu-Li合金在一系列温度(100~300℃)下进行了500 h的暴露处理,并通过维氏硬度、电导率和拉伸测试对其性能进行了评估。结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析了不同热暴露温度下的微观结构演变。结果表明,热暴温度低于150℃时,合金具有良好的热稳定性,这与T1(Al_(2)CuLi)相的直径和数密度不断增加相关。当热暴露温度介于150~200℃时,T1相逐渐被粗大的θ’-Al_(2)Cu和S-Al_(2)CuMg取代;同时,断续的晶界析出物(GBPs)和宽的无析出区(PFZs)利于沿晶断裂,使合金呈现出沿晶-穿晶混合断裂,导致硬度和强度的降低和延伸率的增加。热暴露温度高于250℃时,T1相全部溶解,形成了粗大的T2(Al_(6)Cu(Li, Mg)_(3))和C相,从而导致合金的强度下降,但延伸率和电导率却表现出相反的趋势。

Al-Cu-Li合金热变形特性与位错密度模型构建

通过等温压缩试验,研究热轧态Al-Cu-Li合金在温度为390~480℃、应变速率为0.01~1s^(-1)下的流变行为。基于热压缩流动应力数据构建了峰值应力Arrhenius本构模型,其平均相对误差绝对值(AARE)为4.612%。基于该模型数据,采用K-M模型以及Taylor关系式建立了耦合温度、应变速率、峰值应力、峰值应变的位错密度模型。该模型AARE值为5.926%,具有较高精度,为准确描述Al-Cu-Li合金在热变形过程中的位错密度演变提供参考。

Microstructure evolution of aluminum-lithium alloy 2195 undergoing commercial production

Microstructures of three kinds of typical product states for commercially fabricated alloy 2195 were observed.It is found that the hot-rolled plate is characterized by a fibrous structure containing fine,polygonized substructures;and the cold-rolled sheet was characterized by a "pan-caked" grain structure containing high density dislocation cells.The product under near peak-aging temper is proved to contain a large amount of dispersive,plate-shaped T1(Al2CuLi) precipitates,together with a small fraction of θ'(Al2Cu) plates,exhibiting a desirable combination of mechanical properties.Analyses using scanning electron microscopy reveal that many coarse,irregular-shaped Al7Cu2Fe constituent particles exist in all product states,which indicates that intermediate heat treatments have little influence on this iron-caused,detrimental phase.The formation and evolution of microstructures for different product states of alloy 2195 were discussed in view point of the commercial production condition.

Corrosion behavior of 2195 and 1420 Al-Li alloys in neutral 3.5% NaCl solution under tensile stress

The corrosion behaviors of 1420 and 2195 Al-Li alloys under 308 and 490 MPa tensile stress respectively in neutral 3.5% NaCl solution were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). It is found that the unstressed 1420 alloy is featured with large and discrete pits, while general corrosion and localized corrosion including intergranular corrosion and pitting corrosion occur on the unstressed 2195 alloy. As stress is applied to 1420 alloy, the pit becomes denser and its size is decreased. While, for the stressed 2195 alloy, intergranular corrosion is greatly aggravated and severe general corrosion is developed from connected pits. The EIS analysis shows that more severe general corrosion and localized corrosion occur on the stressed 2195 Al-Li alloy than on 1420 Al-Li alloy. It is suggested that tensile stress has greater effect on the corrosion of 2195 Al-Li alloy than on 1420 Al-Li alloy.

Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Anodic Oxidation Coatings on 2198 and 5A90 Al-Li Alloys

2198 and 5A90 Al-Li alloys were anodized with a constant DC potential in 18%H_2SO_4solution(Solu.A) and the mixture solution of 18%H_2SO_4+5%C_2H_2O_4(Solu.B) at room temperature. 12 and 11 V was optimized as the applied oxidation potential for 2198 and 5A90 alloys, respectively. Cross-sectional morphology, surface morphology and elements distribution of anodic oxidation coatings were observed by scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis(SEM/EDX). Corrosion resistance was tested by potentiodynamic polarization plot in 3.5%NaCl solution. The results showed that the thicknesses of coatings obtained at the selected potential in Solu.A and Solu.B were about 50 μm/110 μm for 2198 alloy and 80 μm/110 μm for 5A90 alloy. In both solutions, anodic oxidation coatings of 2198 alloy were primarily composed of Al oxides; those of 5A90 alloy were mainly consisted of Al oxides and a small amount of Mg oxides. The results of potentiodynamic polarization showed that anodic oxidation coatings of 2198 and 5A90 Al-Li alloys had better corrosion resistances than that of untreated alloys.

Evolution of grain structure in AA2195 Al-Li alloy plate during recrystallization

The evolution of the grain structures in AA2195 Al-Li alloy plate warm-rolled by 80% reduction during recrystallization annealing at 500 ℃ was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the elongated grain structures are caused by the lamellar distribution of recrystallization nucleation sites, being lack of large second phase particles (>1 μm), and dispersive coherent particles (such as δ′ and β′) concentrated in planar bands. The recrystallization process may be separated into three stages: firstly, recrystallization nucleation occurs heterogeneously, and the nuclei are concentrated in some planar zones parallel to rolling plane. Secondly, the grain boundaries interacted with small particles concentrate in planar bands, which is able to result in the elongated grain structures. The rate of the grain growth is controlled by the dissolution of these small particles. Thirdly, after most of small particles are dissolved, their hindrance to migration of the grain boundaries fades away, and the unrecrystallized zones are consumed by adjacent recrystallized grains. The migration of high angle grain boundaries along normal direction leads a gradual transformation from the elongated grains to the nearly equiaxed, which is driven by the tension of the grain boundaries.

Effects of solid deformation and melt vibration on structure and refining performance of Al5Ti1B master alloy

Grain refinement can offer significant benefits to both continuous casting and cast to shape products, and Al5Ti1B master alloy containing mainly TiAl 3 and TiB 2 particles in Al matrix has been proven to perform well for giving the best refinement, but the working method of adding Al5Ti1B rod to the furnace during casting are often related to solid deformation, and melt vibration may help to reduce the size of TiAl 3 and improve the distribution of TiB 2. Therefore the effects of solid deformation and melt vibration on the structures and refinement performance of Al5Ti1B master alloys were studied. The experimental results show that both solid deformation and melt vibration can improve the distribution of TiB 2 in Al5Ti1B master alloys, increase the interface energy and nucleation activity of TiB 2 particles. In the meantime, solid deformation can store deformation energy and melt vibration can break fragile plate like TiAl 3 compounds. So both methods can improve the refinement effectiveness of Al5Ti1B master alloys.

CREEP－RUPTURE BEHAVIOR OF Al－Li－Cu－Mg－Zr ALLOY IN THE TEMPERATURE RANGE OF 463～563K~＋

The creep-rupture behavior of an ageing hardened Al-Li-Cu -Mg-Zr alloy has been investigated at 463～563 K. Results indicate that creep rupture life is associated with the coarsening of precipitates,the precipitation of equilibrium phases and the formatio

FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF Al-2.5Li-1.3Cu-0.9Mg-0.13Zr ALLOY

The fracture mechanism for Al-2.5Li-1.3Cu-0.9Mg-0.13Zr alloy is quite different from undergone various regimes of heat treatment.With the decrease of solution temperature and the increase of aging temperature,the intergranular delamination and necking fracture on the fracture surface increase and the shearing facture decreases.Thus,the toughness of the alloy may be much improved.

Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Spray Deposited Al-2.15Li-1.28Mg-1.26Cu-0.10Zr Alloy

The microstructure and tensile properties of Al-2. 15Li-1 .28Mg-1 .26Cu-0. 10 Zr alloy processed by a spray deposition processing have been investigated, and experimental results show that the as-deposited Al-Li alloy has a very fine equiaxed grain structure with a relative density of 94±3% on average. Grains in the as-extruded alloy are "brick-like" in morphology, and little oxide particles have been found at the grain boundaries. δ’ particles with irregular shape and, "δ’-β’" co-precipitates precipitate in the aged alloy. S’ phase also precipitate homogeneously at the dislocations. The spray deposited Al-Li alloy has the best properties (σb = 508MPa, σ0.2 = 420MPa, δ=12%) at the peak aged condition. Compared with RS/PM Al-Li alloy, ductility of the tested alloy has been enhanced obviously while a comparable tensile strength is maintained.

In situ formation of lithiophilic Li_(22)Sn_(5) alloy and high Li-ion conductive Li_(2)S/Li_(2)Se via metal chalcogenide SnSSe for dendrite-free Li metal anodes

Lithium metal has gained extensive attention as the most ideal candidate for next-generation battery anode owing to the ultrahigh specific capacity and the lowest electrochemical potential.However,uncontrollable dendrite growth and huge volume variation extremely restrict the future deployment of lithium metal batteries.Herein,we report metal chalcogenide SnSSe with unique nanoplate stacking structure as a robust substrate for stable Li metal anode.During the initial Li plating process,lithiophilic Li_(22)Sn_(5) alloy and Li_(2)S/Li_(2)Se sites are obtained via in-situ electrochemical reaction of Li metal and SnSSe.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation demonstrates that the formed Li_(2)S/Li_(2)Se achieves low Li diffusion energy barrier,ensuring rapid Li~+migration.Li_(22)Sn_(5) alloy provides strong nucleation sites,promoting uniform Li nucleation.Furthermore,in-situ optical microscopy analysis suggests that the synthesized effect fundamentally inhibits lithium dendrite growth.Consequently,SnSSe modified Cu foil delivered an ultralow nucleation overpotential,superior cycling stability with 450 cycles(Coulombic efficiency,>98%),and excellent plating/stripping behavior over 2200 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,the brilliant reversible cycles and rate capability were also realized in Li@SnSSe//LiFePO_(4)(LFP)full cell,shedding light on the feasibility of SnSSe for stable and dendrite-free lithium metal anode.

5A90Al-Li合金超塑性变形过程中的显微组织及微观织构演变(英文)

通过采用电子背散射衍射技术研究具有扁平状组织的5A90 Al-Li合金板材在变形条件475°C、8×10-4 s-1时的显微组织演变。结果表明,在进行超塑性变形前,其显微组织表现为扁平状组织,具有大量的小角度晶界,且初始板材具有明显的黄铜织构{110}?112?。在变形过程中发生了晶粒的长大、晶粒形貌的改变、晶粒取向差的增大以及织构的弱化,而且大角度晶界的含量在流动应力到达最大值后开始逐渐增加。同时,对不同阶段的相关变形机制进行了讨论。超塑性变形初始阶段的主要变形机制为位错运动,随着变形的进行而开始发生动态再结晶,晶粒旋转作为晶界滑移的主要协调机制。在超塑性拉伸的最后大应变阶段,晶界滑移是主要的变形机制。

Al-2.2Li-2.5Cu-0.2Mg合金组织与性能的关系

本文通过对Al-2.2Li-2.5Cu-0.2Mg合金在不同热处理条件下的金相、透射电镜观察以及力学性能测试,研究了其沉淀相变化与性能的关系。结果表明,经525℃(1h)固溶处理时,合金元素得到充分溶解。190℃时效16h合金由单一的T_1相强化,欠时效和过时效(16h)均为两相强化,其效果不如单相强化显著。时效前预变形处理可提高Al-Li合金的塑性而不降低其强度。

2050 Al-Li合金的流变曲线修正及加工图（英文）

采用热压缩实验研究2050 Al-Li合金在变形温度为340~500°C、应变速率为0.001~10 s^(-1)范围内的热变形行为。分析摩擦及温度变化对流变应力的影响,并对流变曲线进行修正处理;基于动态材料模型及修正后的真应力数据,获得真应变为0.5条件下合金的加工图;利用金相显微镜对压缩试样显微组织变化进行观察。结果表明,在热变形过程中材料的摩擦及温度变化对流变应力有显著影响;合金合适加工区域位于变形温度为370~430°C、应变速率为0.01~0.001 s^(-1)区域,以及变形温度为440~500°C、应变速率为0.3~0.01 s^(-1)区域内;失稳区位于高应变速率下(3~10 s^(-1))所有温度范围内;动态回复和动态再结晶是2050 Al-Li合金在稳定加工区域内主要变形机理,而在失稳区合金变形机理主要表现为流变集中。

喷射沉积Al-2.15Li-1.28Mg-1.26Cu-0.10Zr合金的拉伸断裂行为

采用新型的喷射沉积工艺制备了Ａｌ２．１５Ｌｉ１．２８Ｍｇ１．２６Ｃｕ０．１０Ｚｒ合金，对其不同时效状态的拉伸性能及断裂行为进行了研究。实验结果表明，喷射沉积ＡｌＬｉ合金经１９０℃、２０ｈ时效后达到峰时效状态，此时材料的综合性能最优（σｂ＝５２８ＭＰａ，σ０．２＝４２０ＭＰａ，延伸率为１２％）。固溶淬火态实验合金拉伸断口为完全穿晶韧窝型。时效态合金的断裂方式为穿晶和沿晶混合型。随时效时间的延长，沿晶断裂的比例增加。实验合金沿晶断裂的原因是位错的共面滑移。