AZ31镁合金表面Al合金化层的制备与性能研究

为提高镁合金表面的耐蚀性,采用热喷涂技术在AZ31镁合金表面制备铝涂层,并利用脉冲钨极氩弧表面熔覆的方法进行表面重熔,获得富铝的合金化层,分析了合金化层的组织结构和性能。研究结果表明:在AZ31镁合金表面的铝合金化层中存在典型的树枝晶结构,含有金属间化合物Mg2Al3,Mg17Al12以及α-Mg和Al固溶体。显微硬度测试表明,铝合金化可使AZ31镁合金表面硬度由HV50左右提高到HV200左右。极化曲线测试表明,合金化层提高了镁合金表面的耐蚀性。

Al合金化对超高碳钢组织控制工艺的影响

制备了不同铝含量的超高碳钢,对其锻后组织进行了观察,结果表明,随着Al含量的提高,珠光体片层间距减小,相变特征温度A1b、A1e提高,Al含量(质量分数)超过1.6%时,网状碳化物析出得到有效抑制。与不含铝的超高碳钢相比,球化处理工艺简单。铝含量高于1.6%时,可以利用离异共析退火工艺或淬火回火工艺;铝含量高于2%时,可以采用简单的低温退火或淬火+高温回火进行球化处理,均可获得细小的碳化物分布于铁素体基体的均匀球化组织。

5%Al合金化对Mg-6Zn镁合金非枝晶组织演变的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了Mg-6Zn和Mg-6Zn-5Al合金(质量分数)的铸态组织和等温热处理后非枝晶组织的演变规律。结果表明:Mg-6Zn合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg和MgZn2相组成;Mg-6Zn-5Al合金铸态组织主要由α-Mg、Mg2Zn3、Mg17Al12和Mg32(Al,Zn)49相组成,其共晶组织形貌演变成粗大连续,且晶内颗粒状的第二相粒子数量增加。Mg-6Zn-5Al合金经600℃保温30 min后获得了细小圆整、均匀分布的近球状颗粒,其平均尺寸和圆整度分别为75μm和1.09。非枝晶组织演变的主要机制包括共晶组织熔化,溶质原子扩散,枝晶组织的粗化、分离、球化和颗粒的合并与长大。5%Al合金化促进了Mg-6Zn合金的非枝晶组织演变,主要归于合金化使铸态组织中析出了亚晶界,其为溶质原子的扩散提供便捷通道和润湿驱动力,同时降低了体系的总自由能和异质形核功,使合金在成分起伏和能量起伏作用下加快了枝晶组织的熔断、分离和球化。

Cu/Al复合合金化Fe_3Si基有序合金及其性能

采用真空电弧熔炼/热压退火制备4种Cu/Al复合合金化Fe_3Si基有序合金.通过XRD、SEM对制备出的试样进行表征,同时对其显微硬度、压缩强度及腐蚀性能进行综合分析.结果表明:Fe_3Si-Cu/Al有序合金仍然保持Fe_3Si物相不变.Cu/Al合金化改性能降低Fe_3Si基合金的显微硬度,有利于改善Fe_3Si的脆性,提高Fe_3Si基合金的压缩强度,Fe_3Si基合金的耐蚀性能较Fe_3Si均有提高.

Cr/Al复合合金化Fe_3 Si基有序合金的制备及其力学性能

采用真空电弧熔炼/退火制备了Cr/Al复合合金化Fe3Si基有序合金。通过XRD、SEM对试样进行表征,同时对其显微硬度、压缩强度及弯曲强度等力学性能进行了综合分析。结果表明,Cr/Al复合合金化Fe3Si基有序合金主相仍为Fe3Si相。元素Al,Cr复合合金化较为明显的改善了Fe3Si基有序合金的脆性。Fe65Si25Cr5Al5的抗压和抗弯强度最高,这是因自身高的有序度而呈现的陶瓷性的高强度低应变量特征。有序合金表现出明显的解理断裂特征,Fe80 Si10 Cr5Al5表现出二次解理的特征,Fe75 Si15 Cr5 Al5和Fe70 Si20 Cr5 Al5在断裂时出现了一些韧性特征的撕裂棱,这应与自身适中的有序度有关。

气相元素对Ti-Al-Nb合金机械合金化产物的影响

采用Ti3Al合金屑替代Ti粉和部分Al粉,以钛的氢化物的形式引入氢,研究Ti-Al-Nb高铌体系中气体杂质及氢含量对球磨过程的影响.利用X射线衍射确定了不同阶段球磨产物及退火粉末的相组成.DSC分析了球磨后粉末的热稳定性.球磨Ti-Al-Nb两体系中可观察到单一bcc(Ti-Al-Nb)固溶体的形成.当球磨气氛发生改变时,有非晶相形成.此非晶相形成的主要因素是气体杂质.以钛的氢化物的形式引入氢时,球磨初期(10 h)氢含量在一定范围(小于1.3%,质量分数)内并不影响bcc相形成.球磨40 h,当[H]=1.3%,有非晶相形成.DSC结果表明:[H]=2.7%,球磨30 h的粉末在723 K时Nb 的氢化物首先发生分解,同时有bcc相形成.在923 K,钛的氢化物已完全分解,有Ti3Al相析出和bcc存在.

铌-铝化合物的机械合金化制备及机理

研究高能球磨制备Nb/Al化合物的工艺,探索在高能球磨过程中Nb、Al形成化合物的机理。结果表明,通过高能球磨可获得Al在Nb中的固溶体,固溶度与球磨转速和球磨时间成正比,并发现选用硬脂酸作为添加剂有利于Nb/Al的机械合金化。对高能球磨中机械合金化的机理进行了讨论,指出高能球磨产生的高比表面能和高密度晶体缺陷大大降低了整体的扩散激活能,使得在高温条件下才能发生的扩散和固溶反应在室温条件下也能进行。

Crack elimination and strength enhancement mechanisms of selective laser melted Si-modified Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy

In order to increase the processability and process window of the selective laser melting(SLM)-fabricated Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy,a novel Si-modified Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy was designed.The effect of Si alloying on the surface quality,processability,microstructure,and mechanical properties of the SLM-fabricated alloy was studied.The results showed that introducing Si into the Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy prevented balling and keyhole formation,refined the grain size,and reduced the solidification temperature,which eliminated cracks and increased the processability and process window of the alloy.The maximum relative density of the SLM-fabricated Si/Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy reached 99.6%.The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy were(371±7)MPa and(518±6)MPa,respectively.These values were higher than those of the SLM-fabricated Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr and other Sc-free Al−Mg-based alloys.

Al含量对Cu-Be-Ni合金组织和性能的影响

通过添加其他合金元素部分取代Be,是低成本高性能铍铜合金的研究热点之一。研究了0~0.2%Al(质量分数)对Cu-0.3Be-2.0Ni合金组织和性能的影响规律及其作用机理。结果表明,随着Al含量的增加,铸造试样的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小、析出相含量逐渐增大,当Al含量为0.1%和0.15%(质量分数)时,形成晶内针状Ni3Al析出相,主要集中分布在树枝晶间区域;当Al含量增加到0.2%(质量分数)时,在晶内析出大量针状析出相的同时,在晶界形成呈链状分布的棒状Ni3Al析出相。添加Al元素提高了试样的弹性模量,Al含量由0增加至0.2%(质量分数),试样的弹性模量从115 GPa提高到127 GPa,提高了10%,Al与Ni形成的具有高弹性模量的Ni3Al相是合金弹性模量提高的主要原因。常规时效后含0.2%Al(质量分数)的Cu-0.3Be-2.0Ni合金峰值硬度和导电率分别为238HV和44%IACS;与不加Al的合金硬度(225HV)相比,硬度提高了6%,抗过时效能力有所提高,导电率下降了6%IACS。

Al对激光熔化沉积VCoNi系中熵合金组织与性能的影响

采用激光熔化沉积技术(Laser Melting Deposition,LMD)制备了VCoNi和Al_(7)(VCoNi)_(93)中熵合金,研究了中熵合金显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,VCoNi中熵合金为单一的FCC固溶体结构,而Al_(7)(VCoNi)_(93)中熵合金为FCC+BCC双相固溶体结构,Al元素促进了BCC结构的形成。Al对VCoNi系中熵合金力学性能的影响显著,提高了合金硬度和强度,而降低了塑性和韧性。与VCoNi中熵合金比较,Al_(7)(VCoNi)_(93)中熵合金显微硬度由317HV_(0.1)增加至370HV_(0.1),抗拉强度由964 MPa增大至1138 MPa,而室温冲击韧性值由88 J/cm^(2)降低至60.5 J/cm^(2)。

不同Al含量Mo(Si_(1-x),Al_x)_2材料的高温氧化行为

以MoSi2、Mo和Al粉末为原料,采用真空热压烧结制备不同Al含量的Mo(Si1-x,Alx)2材料,考察Al含量对MoSi2材料微观结构和高温氧化行为的影响。结果表明,当x=0和0.05时,Mo(Si1-x,Alx)2材料主要由呈C11b结构的MoSi2组成;当x=0.1时,该材料主要由呈C40结构的Mo(Si0.9,Al0.1)2和MoSi2组成;当x=0.2~0.4时,该材料由呈C40结构的Mo(Si1-x,Alx)2相组成。随着Al含量的增加,Mo(Si,Al)2晶格膨胀增大。1200℃氧化时,不同Al含量Mo(Si1-x,Alx)2材料的氧化动力学均呈抛物线规律;Mo(Si,Al)2中Al含量越高,氧化增量越大,抗氧化能力越低。当x=0和0.05时,材料表面氧化生成了连续致密的SiO2氧化膜;当x=0.1时,氧化层由SiO2·Al2O3混合氧化膜组成;当x=0.2~0.4时,材料表面氧化生成连续的Al2O3氧化膜。由于Si和Al的扩散,氧化膜与Mo(Si1-x,Alx)2界面处形成了Mo5(Si,Al)3过渡区。

Morphology modification of Mg_2Si by Sr addition in Mg-4%Si alloy

A modification of Mg2Si in the hypereutectic Mg-4%Si alloy（mass fraction） with Sr was investigated.Two types of Mg2Si in the alloys were found：polygonal primary Mg2Si and Chinese script type eutectic Mg2Si.Adding Al-10% Sr master alloy to the Mg-4%Si alloy clearly reduced the average size of primary Mg2Si and changed the morphology of eutectic Mg2Si from Chinese script type to polyhedral or fine fibre shape.The refinement of primary Mg2Si is mainly attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation mechanism induced by the Sr-rich particles.The modification of eutectic Mg2Si results from the dissolved Sr,which alters the preferred growth manner of the eutectic.

Grain refinement mechanism of Al-5C master alloy in AZ31 magnesium alloy

Al-5C master alloy was prepared by powder in situ synthesis process, and its effects on grain refinement of AZ31 alloy and refining mechanism were investigated. The results indicate that the AI 5C master alloy consists of a（Al） and A14C3 phases, and the size distribution of Al4C3 particles is controlled by sintering time. The AI 5C master alloy can remarkably reduce the grain size of AZ31 alloy, which decreases with the increasing addition amount of AI-SC master alloy when the addition amount is below 2%. The refining mechanism is attributed to the formation of new compounds of Al-C-Mnparticles by Al4C3 and Mn, which might act as nucleating substrates for a-Mg grain.

Effects of Fe-Al intermetallic compounds on interfacial bonding of clad materials

The growth of intermetallic compounds at the interface between solid Al and Fe and the effects of intermetallic compound layers on the interfacial bonding of clad materials were investigated. The results showed that the interface between the solid Fe and Al formed by heat-treatment consisted of Fe2Al5 and FeAl3 intermetallic compound layers, which deteriorated the interfacial bonding strength. Fractures occurred in the intermetallic compound layer during the shear testing. The location of the fracture depended on the defects of microcracks or voids in the intermetallic compound layers. The microcracks in the intermetallic compound layer were caused by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of materials during cooling, and the voids were consistent with the Kirkendall effect. The work will lay an important foundation for welding and joining of aluminum and steel, especially for fabrication of Al-Fe clad materials.

Microstructural evolution of Mg, Ag and Zn micro-alloyed Al-Cu-Li alloy during homogenization

The microstructural evolution of a Mg, Ag and Zn micro-alloyed Al?3.8Cu?1.28Li (mass fraction, %) alloy ingot during two-step homogenization was examined in detail by optical microscopy (OM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The results show that severe dendritic segregation exists in the as-cast ingot. There are many secondary phases, includingTB(Al7Cu4Li),θ(Al2Cu),R(Al5CuLi3) andS(Al2CuMg) phases, and a small amount of (Mg+Ag+Zn)-containing and AlCuFeMn phases. The fractions of intermetallic phases decrease sharply after 2 h of second-step homogenization. By prolonging the second-step homogenization time, theTB,θ,R,S and (Mg+Ag+Zn)-containing phases completely dissolve into the matrix. The dendritic segregation is eliminated, and the homogenization kinetics can be described by a constitutive equation in exponential function. However, it seems that the AlCuFeMn phase is separated into Al7Cu2Fe and AlCuMn phases, and the size of Al7Cu2Fe phase exhibits nearly no change when the second-step homogenization time is longer than 2 h.

Multilayered Ti-Al intermetallic sheets fabricated by cold rolling and annealing of titanium and aluminum foils

Multilayered Ti-Al based intermetallic sheets were fabricated by sintering alternately layered titanium and aluminum foils.The microstructure and phase formation of the obtained sheets under different sintering conditions were evaluated by various techniques.The results reveal that when the sintering temperature is above the melting point of aluminum,the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis reaction occurs between Ti and Al,and forms various phases of Ti-based solid solutions including α-Ti Ti3Al,TiAl,TiAl2 and α-Ti including TiAl3,etc.When the sintering time increased,Ti-based solid solution,TiAl2 and TiAl3 disappeared gradually,and the sheet containing Ti3Al and TiAl phases in a multilayered structure formed finally.A lot of voids were also observed in the sintered structures,which were caused by the melting Al,Kirkendall effect and the difference of molar volumes between reactants and products.The voids were eliminated and a dense sample was obtained by the following hot press.

Effects of slurry pack cementation temperature on microstructure and wear resistance of Ti-Al co-deposited coating on copper plated nickel layer

In order to improve the wear resistance properties of copper substrate, a layer of electroplated nickel was firstly deposited on copper substrate, subsequently these electroplated specimens were treated by slurry pack cementation process with a slurry pack cementation mixture composed of TiO2 as titanizing source, pure Al powder as aluminzing source and also a reducer for titanizing, an activator of NH4Cl and albumen （egg white） as cohesive agent. The Ti-Al coating was fabricated on the surface of electro-deposited nickel layer on copper matrix followed by the slurry pack cementation process. The effects of slurry pack cementation temperature on the microstructures and wear resistance of Ti-Al coating were studied. The results show that the microstructure of the coating changed from NiAl＋Ni3（Ti,Al） to NiAl ＋Ni3（Ti,Al）＋Ni4Ti3 to Ni4Ti3＋NiAl, and to NiAl＋Ni3（Ti,Al）＋NiTi with slurry pack cementation temperature ranging from 800 ℃ to 950 ℃ in 12 h. The friction coefficient of Ti-Al coating decreased and the hardness increased with increasing the slurry pack cementation temperature. The minimum friction coefficient was 1/3 and the minimum hardness was 5 times larger than that of pure copper.

Grain refinement of Al-5%Cu aluminum alloy under mechanical vibration using meltable vibrating probe

A mechanical vibration technique to refine solidified microstructure was reported. Vibration energy was directly introduced into a molten alloy by a vibrating horn, and the vibrating horn was melted during vibration. Effects of vibration acceleration and mass ratio on the microstructure of Al-5% Cu alloy were investigated. Results show that the present mechanical vibration could provide localized cooling by extracting heat from the interior of molten alloy, and the cooling rate is strongly dependent on vibration acceleration. It is difficult to refine the solidified microstructure when the treated alloy keeps full liquid state within the entire vibrating duration. Significantly refined microstructure was obtained by applying mechanical vibration during the initial stage of solidification. Moreover, mechanisms of grain refinement were discussed.

Effects of neodymium addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of near-eutectic Al-12Si alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of near-eutectic Al-12 Si alloys modified with 0-0.4% Nd（mass fraction） were investigated. The results indicate that a submicro- or nano-sized Al2 Nd phase is observed in the modified alloy with 0.3% Nd. The morphology of the α（Al） phase is significantly refined in the Nd-modified alloys. The primary Si morphology simultaneously changes into a fine, particle-like morphology, and the morphology of eutectic Si becomes fine-fibrous instead of coarse-acicular. Relatively few growth twins are observed on the surface of the Si plate in the Al-12Si-0.3Nd alloy at the optimal modification level. The mechanical property test results confirm that the mechanical properties of the as-cast Al-12 Si alloys are enhanced after the Nd addition, with optimal ultimate tensile strength（UTS） of 252 MPa and elongation（EL） of 13% at an Nd content of 0.3%. The improved mechanical properties are attributed to the refined morphology of Si phase and the formation of the Al2 Nd phase.

Effects of Mn and Sn on microstructure of Al-7Si-Mg alloy modified by Sr and Al-5Ti-B

The effects of Mn and Sn on the microstructure of Al?7Si?Mg alloy modified by Sr and Al?5Ti?B were studied. The results show that the columnar dendrites structure is observed with high content of Sr, indicating a poisoning effect of the Al?5Ti?B grain refinement. In addition, Sr intermetallic compounds distribute on the TiB2 particles, which agglomerate inside the eutectic Si. The mechanism responsible for such poisoning was discussed. The addition of Mn changes the morphology of iron intermetallic compounds fromβ-Al5FeSi toα-Al(Mn,Fe)Si. Increasing the amount of Mn changes the morphology ofα-Al(Mn,Fe)Si from branched shape to rod-like shape with branched distribution, and finally convertsα-Al(Mn,Fe)Si to Chinese script shape. The microstructure observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that Mg is more likely to interact with Sn in contrast with Si under the effect of Sn. Mg2Sn compound preferentially precipitates between the Si/Si interfaces and Al/Si interfaces.