Effect of characteristics and distribution of Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates on tensile and bending properties of high-Al-containing Mg alloys

This study investigates the effect of characteristics and distribution of Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates on the uniaxial tensile and three-point bending properties of extruded Mg alloys containing high Al contents.The extruded Mg–9Al–1Zn–0.3Mn(AZ91)alloy contains lamellar-structured Mg_(17)Al_(12)discontinuous precipitates along the grain boundaries,which are formed via static precipitation during natural air cooling.The extruded Mg–11Al–1Zn–0.3Mn(AZ111)alloy contains spherical Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates at the grain boundaries and inside the grains,which are formed via dynamic precipitation during extrusion.Due to inhomogeneous distribution of precipitates,the AZ111 alloy consists of two different precipitate regions:precipitate-rich region with numerous precipitates and finer grains and precipitate-scarce region with a few precipitates and coarser grains.The AZ111 alloy exhibits a higher tensile strength than the AZ91 alloy because its smaller grain size and more abundant precipitates result in stronger grain-boundary hardening and precipitation hardening effects,respectively.However,the tensile elongation of the AZ111 alloy is lower than that of the AZ91 alloy because the weak cohesion between the dynamic precipitates and the matrix facilitates the crack initiation and propagation.During bending,a macrocrack initiates on the outer surface of bending specimen in both alloys.The AZ111 alloy exhibits higher bending yield strength and lower failure bending strain than the AZ91 alloy.The bending specimens of the AZ91 alloy have similar bending formability,whereas those of the AZ111 alloy exhibit considerable differences in bending formability and crack propagation behavior,depending on the distribution and number density of precipitates in the specimen.In bending specimens of the AZ111 alloy,it is found that the failure bending strain(ε_(f,bending))is inversely proportional to the area fraction of precipitates in the outer zone of bending specimen(A_(ppt)),with a relationship ofε_(f,bending)=–0.1A_(ppt)+5.86.

Mechanical properties and interfacial characteristics of 6061 Al alloy plates fabricated by hot-roll bonding

This work aims to investigate the mechanical properties and interfacial characteristics of 6061 Al alloy plates fabricated by hotroll bonding(HRB)based on friction stir welding.The results showed that ultimate tensile strength and total elongation of the hot-rolled and aged joints increased with the packaging vacuum,and the tensile specimens fractured at the matrix after exceeding 1 Pa.Non-equilibrium grain boundaries were formed at the hot-rolled interface,and a large amount of Mg_(2)Si particles were linearly precipitated along the interfacial grain boundaries(IGBs).During subsequent heat treatment,Mg_(2)Si particles dissolved back into the matrix,and Al_(2)O_(3) film remaining at the interface eventually evolved into MgO.In addition,the local IGBs underwent staged elimination during HRB,which facilitated the interface healing due to the fusion of grains at the interface.This process was achieved by the dissociation,emission,and annihilation of dislocations on the IGBs.

Effect of ultrasonic and mechanical vibration treatments on evolution of Mn-rich phases and mechanical properties of Al−12Si−4Cu−1Ni−1Mg−2Mn piston alloys

Effects of ultrasonic vibration(UV)and mechanical vibration(MV)on the Mn-rich phase modification and mechanical properties of Al−12Si−4Cu−1Ni−1Mg−2Mn piston alloys were investigated.The results show that the UV and UV+MV treatments can significantly refine and fragmentize the microstructures.In addition,UV treatment can significantly passivate the primary Mn-rich Al15Mn3Si2 intermetallics.The formation mechanisms of refinement and passivation of the grains and non-dendrite particles were discussed.Compared with the gravity die-cast alloys,the UV and UV+MV treated alloys exhibit improved tensile and creep resistance at room and elevated temperatures.These results can be attributed to the refinement of theα(Al)grains and the secondary intermetallics,the increased proportion of refined heat-resistant precipitates,and the formation of nano-sized Si particles.The ultimate tensile strength of the UV treated alloys at 350°C exceeds that of commercial piston alloys.This indicates the high application potential of the developed piston alloys in density diesel engines.

Synergistic effect of gradient Zn content and multiscale particles on the mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with coupling distribution of coarse-fine grains

This study investigated the influence of graded Zn content on the evolution of precipitated and iron-rich phases and grain struc-ture of the alloys,designed and developed the Al–8.0Zn–1.5Mg–1.5Cu–0.2Fe(wt%)alloy with high strength and formability.With the increase of Zn content,forming the coupling distribution of multiscale precipitates and iron-rich phases with a reasonable matching ratio and dispersion distribution characteristics is easy.This phenomenon induces the formation of cell-like structures with alternate distribu-tion of coarse and fine grains,and the average plasticity–strain ratio(characterizing the formability)of the pre-aged alloy with a high strength is up to 0.708.Results reveal the evolution and influence mechanisms of multiscale second-phase particles and the corresponding high formability mechanism of the alloys.The developed coupling control process exhibits considerable potential,revealing remarkable improvements in the room temperature formability of high-strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys.

Effect of Sc on Al_(3)Fe phase and mechanical properties of as-cast AA5052 aluminum alloy

The AA5052 aluminum alloy is widely used in automobile and aerospace manufacturing,and with the development of light-weight alloys,it is required that these materials exhibit better mechanical properties.Previous studies have demonstrated that the addition of Sc to aluminum alloys can improve both the microstructure and properties of the alloys.In this study,the effect of Sc on the Fe-rich phase and properties of the AA5052 aluminum alloy was studied by adding 0%,0.05%,0.2%,and 0.3%Sc.The results show that with the increase of Sc,the coarse needle-like Fe-rich phase gradually transforms into Chinese-script and then nearly spherical particles,reduce the size of Fe-rich phase,and refine the grain with increase of high angle grain boundaries(HAGBs).These microstructure changes enhance the strength of the AA5052 alloy through Sc addition.The ductility of the alloy is obviously improved because the addition of a lower amount of Sc changes the morphology of Fe-rich phase from needle-like into a Chinese-script,and it is subsequently reduced as a result of significant increase in HAGBs with increasing Sc content.

Assessing efficacy of standard impregnation techniques on die-cast aluminum alloys using X-ray micro-CT

Utilizing lightweight Al alloys in various industrial applications requires achieving precise pressure tightness and leak requirements.Vacuum pressure impregnation(VPI)with thermosetting polymers is commonly used to address leakage defects in die-cast Al alloys.In this study,the efficacy of the VPI technique in sealing alloy parts was investigated using a combination of nondestructive micro X-ray computed tomography(micro XCT)and a standard leak test.The results demonstrate that the commonly used water leak test is insufficient for determining the sealing performance.Instead,micro XCT shows distinct advantages by enabling more comprehensive analysis.It reveals the presence of a low atomic number impregnates sealant within casting defects,which has low grey contrast and allows for visualizing primary leakage paths in 3D.The effective atomic number of impregnated resin is 6.75 and that of Al alloy is 13.69 by dual-energy X-ray CT.This research findings will contribute to enhancing the standard VPI process parameters and the properties of impregnating sealants to improve quality assurance for impregnation in industrial metals.

Effect of cold rolling deformation on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of spray formed Al−Zn−Mg−Cu−Cr alloys

The impact of cold rolling deformation,which was introduced after solid solution and before aging treatment,on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the as-extruded spray formed Al−9.8Zn−2.3Mg−1.73Cu−0.13Cr(wt.%)alloy,was investigated.SEM,TEM,and EBSD were used to analyze the microstructures,and tensile tests were conducted to assess mechanical properties.The results indicate that the D1-T6 sample,subjected to 25%cold rolling deformation,exhibits finer grains(3.35μm)compared to the D0-T6 sample(grain size of 4.23μm)without cold rolling.Cold rolling refines the grains that grow in solution treatment.Due to the combined effects of finer and more dispersed precipitates,higher dislocation density and smaller grains,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the D1-T6 sample can reach 663 and 737 MPa,respectively.In comparison to the as-extruded and D0-T6 samples,the yield strength of the D1-T6 sample increases by 415 and 92 MPa,respectively.

Micro-aluminum powder with bi-or tri-component alloy coating as a promising catalyst:Boosting pyrolysis and combustion of ammonium perchlorate

A novel design of micro-aluminum(μAl)powder coated with bi-/tri-component alloy layer,such as:Ni-P and Ni-P-Cu(namely,Al@Ni-P,Al@Ni-P-Cu,respectively),as combustion catalysts,were introduced to release its huge energy inside Al-core and promote rapid pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate(AP)at a lower temperature in aluminized propellants.The microstructure of Al@Ni-P-Cu demonstrates that a three-layer Ni-P-Cu shell,with the thickness of~100 nm,is uniformly supported byμAl carrier(fuel unit),which has an amorphous surface with a thickness of~2.3 nm(catalytic unit).The peak temperature of AP with the addition of Al@Ni-P-Cu(3.5%)could significantly drop to 316.2℃ at high-temperature thermal decomposition,reduced by 124.3℃,in comparison to that of pure AP with 440.5℃.It illustrated that the introduction of Al@Ni-P-Cu could weaken or even eliminate the obstacle of AP pyrolysis due to its reduction of activation energy with 118.28 kJ/mol.The laser ignition results showed that the ignition delay time of Al@Ni-P-Cu/AP mixture with 78 ms in air is shorter than that of Al@Ni-P/AP(118 ms),decreased by 33.90%.Those astonishing breakthroughs were attributed to the synergistic effects of adequate active sites on amorphous surface and oxidation exothermic reactions(7597.7 J/g)of Al@Ni-P-Cu,resulting in accelerated mass and/or heat transfer rate to catalyze AP pyrolysis and combustion.Moreover,it is believed to provide an alternative Al-based combustion catalyst for propellant designer,to promote the development the propellants toward a higher energy.

Crack elimination and strength enhancement mechanisms of selective laser melted Si-modified Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy

In order to increase the processability and process window of the selective laser melting(SLM)-fabricated Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy,a novel Si-modified Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy was designed.The effect of Si alloying on the surface quality,processability,microstructure,and mechanical properties of the SLM-fabricated alloy was studied.The results showed that introducing Si into the Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy prevented balling and keyhole formation,refined the grain size,and reduced the solidification temperature,which eliminated cracks and increased the processability and process window of the alloy.The maximum relative density of the SLM-fabricated Si/Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy reached 99.6%.The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy were(371±7)MPa and(518±6)MPa,respectively.These values were higher than those of the SLM-fabricated Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr and other Sc-free Al−Mg-based alloys.

Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Based Techniques for Numerical Modeling and Prediction of Aluminum-5%Magnesium Alloy Doped with REM Neodymium

In this study, the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium doped with rare earth metal neodymium were evaluated. Fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to model the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium (0-0.9 wt%) neodymium. The single input (SI) to the fuzzy logic and artificial neural network models was the percentage weight of neodymium, while the multiple outputs (MO) were average grain size, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength elongation and hardness. The fuzzy logic-based model showed more accurate prediction than the artificial neutral network-based model in terms of the correlation coefficient values (R).

不同加热环境下钛表面Ni/Al涂层制备与高温氧化性

目的 研究大气与真空加热处理后Ni/Al涂层的金属间化合物析出规律,以及扩散层的生长速度,从而确定涂层的抗氧化性能。方法 分别采用电弧喷涂技术和等离子喷涂技术在纯钛基体表面制备Ni/Al涂层。将样品分别在大气条件和真空条件下进行加热处理,使Ni/Al涂层原位反应生成Ni-Al金属间化合物,并进行涂层抗氧化性试验。结果 Ni/Al涂层在大气环境700℃加热处理后,形成以Al_(2)O_(3)、Ni2Al3和富Al相NiAl3相为主的扩散层;在真空环境700℃加热处理后,形成以Ni2Al3、NiAl3相为主的扩散层。通过扩散反应动力学分析发现,真空热处理比大气热处理后Ni和Al之间的反应扩散系数更高,扩散系数为89.731μm2/h。氧化增重试验表明,真空处理后,Ni/Al涂层由于金属间化合物层较厚,且具有大量的高熔点的Ni2Al3相,并且经过800℃下氧化200h后,涂层未发生失效。结论 真空环境下加热处理原位反应后,Ni/Al复合涂层的扩散速率更高,更容易形成Ni-Al金属间化合物,获得更厚的金属间化合物层。与大气热处理相比,经过真空热处理后的涂层有更良好的抗高温氧化能力。

热压制备Ni/Al微叠层复合板的协调变形行为和气压胀形成形性

为了制造NiAl合金复杂薄壁构件,采用真空热压法制备一种新型Ni/Al微叠层复合板(NAMCS)。基于不同温度的单向拉伸试验,研究Ni/Al微叠层复合板的力学性能。为了阐明Ni/Al微叠层复合板的单向拉伸协调变形机制,通过扫描电子显微镜对不同拉伸应变下的变形组织进行表征。结果表明,在5%应变、室温和300℃条件下,NiAl_(3)层和Ni_(2)Al_(3)层中形成了一些裂纹。在600℃和20%应变条件下,在NiAl3层观察到一些微孔。样品在78.7%的拉伸应变断裂时,Ni_(2)Al_(3)层也未出现裂纹,表现出良好的协调变形能力。Ni/Al微叠层复合板的高温自由气压胀形试验表明,600℃时其极限胀形比(极限胀形高度与凹模直径之比)达到33.3%,表现出良好的成形性。

时效时间对Ni-W-Al-Ti高密度合金组织与性能的影响

基于面心立方结构及细小弥散相强化原理,设计了一种新型Ni-W-Al-Ti高密度合金(密度为10.8 g·cm^(-3)),将其在750℃下进行不同时间(0,8,16,24,32 h)的时效处理,研究了时效时间对合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:时效处理后,Ni-W-Al-Ti高密度合金中析出了长程有序的D1_(a)型Ni_(4)W和L1_(2)型Ni_(3)Al强化相,随着时效时间延长,Ni_(4)W相尺寸增大,形状由球状变为椭球状,Ni_(3)Al相数量增多;随着时效时间延长,合金的屈服强度先增加后趋于稳定,抗拉强度无明显变化,断后伸长率减小;当时效时间为24 h时,合金的屈服强度最大,为740 MPa,抗拉强度和断后伸长率适中,分别为886 MPa,9%,综合拉伸性能较佳。

Ni-Al辅助微波自蔓延烧结制备Ti_(3)SiC_(2)基金刚石复合材料工艺研究

为降低金刚石磨削工具的制造成本和能耗,探寻一种在低能耗下实现高性能陶瓷结合剂金刚石磨具的制备工艺,同时研究助燃剂Si和金刚石粒度等因素对样品物相组成、显微形貌和磨削性能的影响。采用Ti、Si、石墨粉和金刚石磨料作为原料,经冷压成型至生胚,通过Ni-Al辅助在微波场加热诱发Ti-Si-C体系发生自蔓延高温合成(SHS)反应以制备Ti_(3)SiC_(2)基金刚石复合材料。结果表明,高热值Ni-Al合金辅助可以缩短样品的烧结时间,还可以将诱发SHS反应的温度点控制在金刚石石墨化温度以下。在Ar保护气氛下,Ti-Si-C体系发生SHS反应,可生成Ti_(3)SiC_(2)、TiC和Ti5Si3等3种物相。随Si含量升高,Ti_(3)SiC_(2)相先增多后减少,当n(Ti):n(Si):n(C)=3∶1.1∶2时,复合材料的磨削性能最佳,磨耗比最高可达286.53。分析不同原料配比下的试样磨耗比差异的产生机制,认为基体组织中存在微小且分布均匀的气孔结构,在磨削时可产生大区域的平整磨削面,易于发挥金刚石磨料的磨削效果,有利于提升复合材料样品的磨削性能。

重掺杂p型SiC晶片Ni/Al欧姆接触特性

系统研究了Al和Ni/Al两种金属体系在重掺杂p型SiC晶片上的欧姆接触特性和电学性质。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和综合物性测量系统对这两种电极表面的微观结构和样品的电学性质进行了表征。结果表明:在真空环境下经过800℃退火后Al电极可呈现出欧姆接触行为,其比接触电阻率为1.98×10^(-3)Ω·cm^(2),退火处理后Al电极与SiC在接触界面形成化合物Al_(4)C_(3),有助于提高接触界面稳定性。在Ni/Al复合体系中,当Ni金属层厚度为50 nm时,其比接触电阻率显著降低至4.013×10^(-4)Ω·cm^(2)。退火后Ni与SiC在接触界面生成的Ni_(2)Si有利于欧姆接触的形成和降低比接触电阻率。研究结果可为开发液相法生长的p型SiC晶片电子器件提供参考。

Ni 3Al/NiAl/Ni复合板组织性能及其薄壁构件反应成形一体化工艺研究

针对Ni-Al金属间化合物材料成形困难问题,对Ni 3Al/NiAl/Ni复合板进行了组织性能与反应成形一体化工艺的研究。以Ni/Al箔材为试验材料,对1200℃,热压时长0.5、1、2和4 h条件下热压复合法得到的Ni 3Al/NiAl/Ni板进行微观组织表征与室温及高温(1000℃)条件下的单向拉伸试验。根据试验结果确定了在1200℃、1 h条件下热压反应的复合板具有较佳综合力学性能,室温条件下抗拉强度与伸长率分别为527.6 MPa和4.4%,1000℃高温条件下抗拉强度与伸长率分别为165.7 MPa、21.2%。进一步在该参数下进行反应成形一体化工艺的研究,制备得到了具有良好表面质量与尺寸精度的薄壁锥筒壳件。在薄壁锥筒壳件上取样进行微观组织与力学性能表征,发现其组织和力学性能与相同工艺条件下制备的复合板相近。

Al-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni高熵合金中的L2_(1)相的相稳定性及其性能研究

为开发兼具良好强度与塑性的BCC基高熵合金,可引入与基体共格的B2或L2_(1)相。L2_(1)相具有更好的抗蠕变性能,有望在高温环境中得到应用。但是,目前对BCC型高熵合金中L2_(1)相的存在规律、相稳定性及其对合金性能的影响还缺乏深入的研究。为此,本工作研究了电弧熔炼制备的铸态Al_(0.5)Cr_(2.5-x)FeMn_(x)Ni(x=0.5~1.75)、Al_(0.75)Cr_(2.25-y)FeMn_(y)Ni(y=0.25~1.5)、AlCr_(2-z)FeMn_(z)Ni(z=0.5~1.5)高熵合金的相组成,及800℃或1000℃真空退火120 h对合金组织和相组成的影响。研究表明,这些合金中L2_(1)相的成分特征由40%~50%(原子分数)Ni和15%~20%(原子分数)Al、Mn组成。L2_(1)相只存在于Al含量为10%~15%(原子分数)的合金中,且多以BCC+L2_(1)两相共存,获得的组织为编织网状的调幅分解组织。当Al含量达到20%(原子分数)后,合金则由BCC+B2两相构成。L2_(1)相的存在会使BCC型XRD特征峰出现明显的峰分裂。经过800℃或1000℃退火后,合金中L2_(1)相仍能稳定存在,合金显微组织发生粗化并会形成σ或FCC相。铸态合金的硬度随Mn含量的增加而降低,含L2_(1)相的合金的硬度在463HV~558HV范围内。800℃退火会使含5%~15%(原子分数)Mn的合金硬度降低70HV~100HV,但由于硬质σ相的析出,含20%~30%(原子分数)Mn的合金硬度提高200HV以上;1000℃退火后,由于软质FCC相的形成,合金的硬度略有降低,这些结果将为BCC型高熵合金的设计奠定基础。

非平衡Al-Ni-Co合金中十次准晶的结构分析与表征

本文主要利用原子分辨的高角环形暗场扫描透射电镜(HAADF-STEM)成像技术与选区电子衍射(SAED)技术,对非平衡Al-Ni-Co合金中十次准晶的结构进行了表征,结果表明其基本结构单元除了包含平衡态Al-Ni-Co十次准晶超结构变体中的五次对称原子团,还具有非平衡Al-Ni-Co十次准晶中独有的对称性破缺原子团,是一种新的Al-Ni-Co十次准晶超结构变体。通过用不同的拼砌来描述该准晶结构,发现在急冷状态下对称性破缺原子团的存在导致了相子缺陷的产生,从而破坏了该准晶的长程有序性。通过安曼线和特征相子分析发现,该观察区域内安曼线分布无明显差异,特征相子分布无明显变化,反映出该区域准晶相的线性相子应变是单一的,这与平衡状态下十次准晶相结构特征完全不同。

Ni镀层对Cu/Al钎焊接头界面组织与力学性能的影响

为探究Ni-P镀层对Cu/Al异种金属钎焊界面反应的影响,采用化学镀方法对T2紫铜进行化学镀镍处理,使用BAl88Si药芯钎料通过感应钎焊方法钎焊Cu/Al接头。采用扫描电子显微镜和电子背散射衍射技术对接头进行微观组织观察与物相分析,并对接头进行力学性能测试,分析镀层对Cu/Al接头微观组织结构及力学性能的影响,探讨钎焊过程中不同钎焊接头的界面形成机理。结果表明:无镀层接头在界面处形成了Cu_(9)Al_(4)和CuAl_(2)两层金属间化合物,有镀层接头界面处形成了Al_(2)Ni和Al_(3)Ni金属间化合物。无镀层接头的抗拉强度可达56.4 MPa,优于有镀层接头。接头均发生脆性断裂,断裂位置从无镀层接头的CuAl2和α-Al固溶体的界面处转变为有镀层接头的Al3Ni金属间化合物处。

硅、镍含量与制备工艺对Al-Si-Ni合金组织和热学性能的影响

利用普通凝固、水冷铜模亚快速凝固和水冷铜模亚快速凝固复合热处理(520℃×6 h)3种工艺,分别制备了Al-11Si-5Ni合金、Al-22Si-10Ni合金和Al-33Si-15Ni合金,研究了不同合金的显微组织和热学性能。结果表明:Al-11Si-5Ni共晶合金在凝固过程中仅发生Al-Si-Al_(3)Ni三元共晶反应,形成由α-Al相、共晶硅相和共晶Al_(3)N相组成的三元共晶组织;Al-22Si-10Ni合金与Al-33Si-15Ni合金为过共晶合金,组织由初生硅相、初生Al_(3)N相和三元共晶组织组成,其凝固过程分为初生硅相析出、初生硅相与Al_(3)Ni相的共同析出以及Al-Si-Al_(3)Ni三元共晶反应3个阶段;随着镍、硅含量的同步增加,初生硅相与Al_(3)Ni相粗化;与普通凝固工艺相比,水冷铜模亚快速凝固工艺可以细化合金组织,而热处理使共晶硅相与共晶Al_(3)Ni相发生球化。随着硅、镍含量的同步增加,合金的热导率与热膨胀系数均下降,而水冷铜模亚快速凝固复合热处理可以有效提升合金的热导率。水冷铜模亚快速凝固复合热处理工艺制备的Al-22Si-10Ni合金具有优异的综合性能,其室温热导率为129.9 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),100℃热膨胀系数为13.8×10^(-6) K^(-1),25~100℃平均热膨胀系数为12.9×10^(-6) K^(-1)。