挤压比对流变挤压成形Al-0.1Fe合金组织性能的影响

目的研究挤压比对流变挤压态Al-0.1Fe合金微观组织演化和力学性能的影响规律,为通过流变挤压成形制备高性能Al材过程中挤压比的选用提供依据与参考。方法采用重力铸造和流变挤压方法制备了Al-0.1Fe合金,对比了铸态和流变挤压态Al-0.1Fe合金的微观组织和力学性能,通过Arrhenius方程建立了晶界迁移速率与温度之间的关系,研究了流变挤压过程中不同挤压比对Al-0.1Fe合金组织性能的影响。结果流变挤压变形可消除铸造过程中形成的粗大枝晶,破碎微米尺寸Al_(3)Fe相,使之转变为细小的等轴晶和纳米尺寸Al_(3)Fe相;当挤压比从4增大至6.25时,流变挤压态Al-0.1Fe合金的晶粒逐渐细化,位错密度提高,纳米尺寸Al_(3)Fe相逐渐球化,合金强度和硬度提高,导电率降低;当挤压比为9时,大量摩擦热和变形热增大了晶界迁移速率,导致流变挤压态Al-0.1Fe合金的晶粒和纳米尺寸Al_(3)Fe相发生粗化,位错密度降低,伸长率和导电率提高。结论在流变挤压成形过程中适当提高挤压比可以细化合金的微观组织,提高合金的力学性能;当挤压比过高时,合金微观组织发生粗化,导致合金的力学性能降低。

退火工艺对Ti-4.5Al-2.2V-0.1Fe合金组织结构及力学性能的影响

利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和电子万能试验机等研究了不同退火工艺对挤压制备的Ti-4.5Al-2.2V-0.1Fe合金组织结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:退火后,合金的X射线衍射峰略向左偏移,说明其晶格发生膨胀。制备态合金的组织以网篮组织为主,退火后获得了少量魏氏组织、双态组织和等轴组织。960℃+570℃退火后合金显微硬度达542.5 HV1;760℃退火后合金的拉伸强度与塑性匹配较优,并且其压缩塑性较好,韧窝多且深,其压缩应变值为27.4%,960℃+570℃退火后合金的压缩强度较高,达1738 MPa。总之,经760℃退火后,Ti-4.5Al-2.2V-0.1Fe合金的强度与塑性匹配较优,综合性能良好。

Hot compressive behavior of Ti-3.0Al-3.7Cr-2.0Fe-0.1B titanium alloy

The hot deformation behavior of Ti-3.0Al-3.7Cr-2.0Fe-0.1B (TACFB) titanium alloy was investigated using a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator in the temperature range of 800-950 °C, at constant strain rate from 0.01 s-1 to 10 s-1 and with height reduction of 70%. Flow stress and microstructure evolution during hot compression of TACFB alloy were investigated. The processing map of TACFB alloy was obtained. The results indicate that the hot deformation behavior of TACFB alloy is sensitive to the deformation temperature and strain rate. The peak flow stress decreases with increasing the test temperature and decreasing the strain rate. The constitutive relationship of TACFB alloy was obtained on the base of Arrhenius equations. When the strain rates are higher than 1.0 s-1, the dynamic recrystallization occurs, and the higher the strain rates are, the more the recrystallization is.

Hot deformation behavior of Al-9.0Mg-0.5Mn-0.1Ti alloy based on processing maps

Hot deformation behavior of extrusion preform of the spray-formed Al-9.0Mg-0.5Mn-0.1Ti alloy was studied using hot compression tests over deformation temperature range of 300-450 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s-1. On the basis of experiments and dynamic material model, 2D processing maps and 3D power dissipation maps were developed for identification of exact instability regions and optimization of hot processing parameters. The experimental results indicated that the efficiency factor of energy dissipate （η） lowered to the minimum value when the deformation conditions located at the strain of 0.4, temperature of 300 ° C and strain rate of 1 s-1. The softening mechanism was dynamic recovery, the grain shape was mainly flat, and the portion of high angle grain boundary （〉15°） was 34%. While increasing the deformation temperature to 400 ° C and decreasing the strain rate to 0.1 s-1, a maximum value of η was obtained. It can be found that the main softening mechanism was dynamic recrystallization, the structures were completely recrystallized, and the portion of high angle grain boundary accounted for 86.5%. According to 2D processing maps and 3D power dissipation maps, the optimum processing conditions for the extrusion preform of the spray-formed Al？9.0Mg？0.5Mn？0.1Ti alloy were in the deformation temperature range of 340-450 ° C and the strain rate range of 0.01-0.1 s-1 with the power dissipation efficiency range of 38%？43%.

高强韧Ti-6Al-2Zr-2Sn-3Mo-2Nb-1Cr-0.1Si-xFe钛合金的组织和压缩性能

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、维氏硬度计、电子万能试验机和分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)等分析测试方法,研究了Ti-6Al-2Zr-2Sn-3Mo-2Nb-1Cr-0.1Si-xFe(x=0,0.4,0.8,质量分数,%)铸态合金双重退火后的组织和力学性能。结果表明:3种铸态合金的组织均为近魏氏组织;热处理后,随着Fe含量增加,合金组织中的α相长径比减小,等轴化更为明显,且次生α相细化以及β相含量增加,维氏硬度升高。在0.001 s^(-1)应变速率下静态压缩,合金具有应变强化效应,Fe含量越高应变强化效果越显著,TC21-0.4Fe合金断裂前最大应力和断裂应变比TC21-0Fe合金分别提高约16.86%和30.72%。在2500 s^(-1)高应变速率下动态压缩,TC21-0.8Fe合金的流变应力最高,约为1377 MPa,比TC21-0Fe合金提高了6.99%,TC21-0.4Fe合金具有最好的断裂应变,约为0.139,比TC21-0Fe合金提高了21.92%。

Hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V-0.1Ru alloy during isothermal compression

The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6 Al-4 V-0.1 Ru titanium alloy was investigated by isothermal compression tests on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator over deformation temperature range of 1023-1423 K and strain rate of 0.01-10 s-1.Arrhenius-type constitutive models were developed for temperature ranges of bothα+βdual phase andβsingle phase at strain of 0.1.Afterwards,a series of material constants(including activation energy Q,material constants n,αand ln A)as polynomial functions of strain were introduced into Arrhenius-type models.Finally,the improved Arrhenius-type models in temperature field ofα+βandβphase were constructed.The results show that the improved Arrhenius-type models contribute to the calculation of Zener-Hollomon(Z)parameter,and the microstructural evolution mechanism is uncovered by combining microstructure observations with Z-parameter.Furthermore,the improved Arrhenius-type models are also helpful to improve the accuracy of finite element method(FEM)simulation in the deformation process of Ti-6 Al-4 V-0.1 Ru titanium alloy.

Effects of high-pressure rheo-squeeze casting on the Fe-rich phases and mechanical properties of Al-17Si-(1,1.5)Fe alloys

The effects of high pressure rheo-squeeze casting(HPRC) on the Fe-rich phases(FRPs) and mechanical properties of Al-17 Si-(1,1.5)Fe alloys were investigated. The alloy melts were first treated by ultrasonic vibration(UV) and then formed by high-pressure squeeze casting(HPSC). The FRPs in the as-cast HPSC Al-17 Si-1 Fe alloys only contained a long, needle-shaped β-Al5 Fe Si phase at 0 MPa. In addition to the β-Al5 Fe Si phase, the HPSC Al-17 Si-1.5 Fe alloy also contained the plate-shaped δ-Al4 Fe Si2 phase. A fine, block-shaped δ-Al4 Fe Si2 phase was formed in the Al-17 Si-1 Fe alloy treated by UV. The size of FRPs decreased with increasing pressure. After UV treatment, solidification under pressure led to further refinement of the FRPs. Considering alloy samples of the same composition, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of the HPRC samples was higher than that of the HPSC samples, and the UTS increased with increasing pressure. The UTS of the Al-17 Si-1 Fe alloy formed by HPSC exceeded that of the Al-17 Si-1.5 Fe alloy formed in the same manner under the same pressure. Conversely, the UTS of the Al-17 Si-1 Fe alloy formed by HPRC decreased to a value lower than that of the Al-17 Si-1.5 Fe alloy formed in the same manner.

Selective laser melted near-beta titanium alloy Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe:Microstructure and mechanical properties

In this work,a near-beta Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe titanium alloy was fabricated by selective laser melting(SLM),and the microstructure evolution together with the mechanical properties was studied.The as-fabricated alloy showed columnarβgrains spreading over multiple layers and paralleling to the building direction.The distinct microstructure of as-fabricated alloy was composed of near-β(more than 98.1%)with a submicron cellular structure.Different SLM processing parameters such as hatch spacing could affect the microstructure of as-fabricated alloy,which could thus further significantly affect the mechanical properties of as-fabricated alloy.In addition,the as-fabricated alloy with the distinct microstructure exhibits yield strength of 818 MPa combined with elongation of more than 19%,which shows that SLM is a potential technology for manufacturing near-beta titanium components.

Grain refinement of Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C master alloy on pure Al and Al-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy

The refinement potential of AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C master alloy on pure aluminium and AI-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy has been investigated. Different amounts of AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C master alloy were added to estimate the optimal addition level. It was found that the addition of AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C grain refiner can promote significantly the refinement of grains in the pure aluminium, particularly at 0.1wt.%, with the mean primary aluminium a-grain size reducing to 187＋3 IJm from about 1-3 mm. Similarly, the microstructural study of the AI-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy die casting at different weight percentages （viz. 0.0wt.%, 0.1wt.% and 1.0wt.%） of AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C master alloy shows that the AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C master alloy as a grain refiner is also acceptable for AI-Si cast alloys when the silicon content is more than 4wt.%. As a result of inoculation with AI-3.5FeNb-1.5C master alloy, the average grain size of a-AI is reduced to 22＋3 #m from about 71＋3 IJm and grain refining efficiency is not characterized by any visible poisoning effect, which is the major limitation in the grain refinement of AI-Si cast alloys by applying AI-Ti-B ternary master alloys. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are significantly improved by 9.6% and 9.7%, respectively.

The Alumina Film Nanomorphology Formed to Improve the Corrosion Resistance of Al-2.0 wt% Fe Alloy as Result of the Laser Surface Melting Technique Applied

The laser surface remelting (LSR) treatment was performed to Al-2.0 wt% Fe alloy with a 2 kW Yb-fiber laser (IPG YLR-2000S). The substrate and laser-treated material characterization were executed using different techniques. Among them, the microstructure was analyzed by optical microscope, SEM, low-angle X-ray diffraction (LAXRD) and the corrosion test was made in aerated solution of 0.1 M H2SO4 at a temperature of 25°C ± 0.5°C. As result was shown, the micrograph of LSR-treated material displaying can be a fine cellular structure and the existence of certain nano-porosities and a similar to a nano-dendritic growth was observed too. The characteristic of melted zone was constituted of metastable phases according to the result of x-rays and the behavior corrosion as a result of the LSR-treated sample, which it was shown to be more resistant to corrosion than the untreated sample. A comparative study was carried out of the cyclic polarization of the laser-treated and untreated samples, demonstrating that the reduction and oxidation reverse peaks were not observed and being the cyclic polarization behavior was of irreversible character in both samples, however, the LSR-treated sample propitious the passivity on the surface also reduced the corrosion phenomena. Wherefore, this type of laser-treated alloy can be applied in the aerospace, aeronautic and automobilist industries.

Hot deformation behaviors and dynamic recrystallization mechanism of Ti-35421 alloy inβsingle field

Hot deformation behaviors and microstructure evolution of Ti-3Al-5Mo-4Cr-2Zr-1Fe(Ti-35421)alloy in theβsingle field are investigated by isothermal compression tests on a Gleeble-3500 simulator at temperatures of 820-900°C and strain rates of 0.001-1 s^(-1).The research results show that discontinuous yield phenomenon and rheological softening are affected by the strain rates and deformation temperatures.The critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization and kinetic model of Ti-35421 alloy are determined,and the Arrhenius constitutive model is constructed.The rheological behaviors of Ti-35421 alloys aboveβphase transformation temperature are predicted by the constitutive model accurately.The EBSD analysis proves that the deformation softening is controlled by dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization.In addition,continuous dynamic recrystallization is determined during hot deformation,and the calculation model for recrystallization grain sizes is established.Good linear dependency between the experimental and simulated values of recrystallized grain sizes indicates that the present model can be used for the prediction of recrystallized grain size with high accuracy.

Texture Evolution and Dynamic Recrystallization of Zr-1Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr Alloy During Hot Rolling

In the present work,the sheets of Zr-1Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr alloy were hot rolled with different reductions(10%,30%,50%,and 60%) at 1023 K and 1073 K.The micro structure evolutions including grain micro structure,texture,and dislocation were investigated,using electron backscattering diffraction and transmission electron microscope.The results showed that dislocation slip,twinning,and dynamic recrystallization(DRX) were the main deformation mechanisms.DRX was found to be promoted by larger reduction and higher rolling temperature.The predominant texture formed during hot rolling was basal <0001>//ND,whose intensity reached peak value after 30% reduction hot rolling.While the intensity of DRX texture <10-10>//ND and<1-210>//ND increased with increasing reduction and temperature.This study provided an effective way to tailor the texture and microstructure of the alloy,for optimizing process parameters.

Effects of cerium on microstructure and bonding strength of Cu-14Al-4.5Fe bronze plasma sprayed coating

Cu-14Al-4.5Fe bronze powders with and without 0.6% Ce were prepared and their coatings were fabricated on 45# carbon steel substrate by atmospheric plasma spraying. The effects of rare earth Ce on the coating interface bonding strength, coatings and bonding interface vertical sections microstructure were investigated by tensile machine, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and electronic probe microanalysis （EPMA）. The results showed that the shape of powders was more spherical like, and the coating’s hardness and interface bonging tensile strength would be improved to 8.9% and 17.4%, respectively, higher than that of the Cu-14Al-4.5Fe coating without 0.6% Ce added. The refined of κ phases, well distributed matrix phases in coatings and the promotion of Fe, Al elements diffusion led to the improvement in interface bonding strength and hardness of the Cu-14Al-4.5Fe coating with addition of 0.6% Ce, which hardened and strengthened the coating.

耦合热力学相变路径预测Fe-C包晶合金宏观偏析

针对Fe-0.1%C(质量分数)包晶合金冷却过程中多固相共存及界面分配系数实时变化的情况,由杠杆定律结合热力学平衡计算(LR-TEC)获得合金由液相冷却至室温的相变路径,制成相变路径数据表,由成分与热焓线性插值获得相应温度、相质量分数、相成分和相焓,以及凝固潜热释放量和比热容随多固相析出以及成分和温度的变化关系,与连续介质宏观传输模型相结合,预测了铸锭宏观偏析形成过程。模型采用经典的Sn-5%Pb合金凝固基准实验进行了验证。在随温度和溶质成分即时变化的分配系数及多固相的影响下,预测的Fe-0.1%C合金截面偏析变得更为严重。计算结束时,采用LR-TEC耦合宏观传输预测的最大负偏析在距铸锭左侧x=16 mm、距底面y=45 mm处,偏析率为-2.22%;而杠杆定律解析式(LR Analytical)预测的最大负偏析位于y=55 mm左侧壁面处,偏析率为-1.78%。2者预测的最大正偏析都位于铸锭右侧贴壁区域,合金冷却过程中的相变路径采用LR-TEC比LR Analytical预测的偏析率大1.13%。凝固计算结束时区域内仍多固相共存,其中α、γ两固相,α、渗碳体(CEM)两固相及α、γ、CEM三固相分别共存于铸锭左侧x<0.0342 m的低温区域,δ、γ两固相共存于区域右侧x>0.0858 m的高温区域。