Two-stage dynamic recrystallization and texture evolution in Al-7Mg alloy during hot torsion

Hot torsion tests were performed on the Al-7Mg alloy at the temperature ranging from 300 to 500℃ and strain rates between 0.05 and 5 s^(-1) to explore the progressive dynamic recrystallization(DRX)and texture behaviors.The DRX behavior of the alloy manifested two distinct stages:Stage 1 at strain of≤2 and Stage 2 at strains of≥2.In Stage 1,there was a slight increase in the DRXed grain fraction(X_(DRX))with predominance of discontinuous DRX(DDRX),followed by a modest change in X_(DRX) until the transition to Stage 2.Stage 2 was marked by an accelerated rate of DRX,culminating in a substantial final X_(DRX) of~0.9.Electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD)analysis on a sample in Stage 2 revealed that continuous DRX(CDRX)predominantly occurred within the(121)[001]grains,whereas the(111)[110]grains underwent a geometric DRX(GDRX)evolution without a noticeable sub-grain structure.Furthermore,a modified Avrami’s DRX kinetics model was utilized to predict the microstructural refinement in the Al-7Mg alloy during the DRX evolution.Although this kinetics model did not accurately capture the DDRX behavior in Stage 1,it effectively simulated the DRX rate in Stage 2.The texture index was employed to assess the evolution of the texture isotropy during hot-torsion test,demonstrating significant improvement(>75%)in texture randomness before the commencement of Stage 2.This initial texture evolution is attributed to the rotation of parent grains and the substructure evolution,rather than to an increase in X_(DRX).

Investigation of the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si Alloy

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)is an advanced manufacturing technology;however,inappropriate LPBF process parameters may cause printing defects in materials.In the present work,the LPBF process of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy was investigated by a two-step optimization approach.Subsequently,heat transfer and liquid flow behaviors during LPBF were simulated by a well-tested phenomenological model,and the defect formation mechanisms in the as-fabricated alloy were discussed.The optimized process parameters for LPBF were detected as laser power changed from 195 W to 210 W,with scanning speed of 1250 mm/s.The LPBF process was divided into a laser irradiation stage,a spreading flow stage,and a solidification stage.The morphologies and defects of deposited tracks were affected by liquid flow behavior caused by rapid cooling rates.The findings of this research can provide valuable support for printing defect-free metal components.

高压凝固Al-17Zn-1.5Mg合金组织与显微硬度

利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计对常压及6 GPa高压下凝固的Al-17Zn-1.5Mg合金的组织和显微硬度进行了研究。结果表明,Al-17Zn-1.5Mg合金在常压凝固条件下,由α-Al相和MgZn2相组成,其中α-Al相长成粗大的枝晶,大量针状第二相位于枝晶间位置,相互连接形成网络状。当该合金在6 GPa高压下凝固时,枝晶组织显著细化,第二相尺寸减小、数量减少,形态变成点粒状。合金高压凝固后,显微硬度增加了21%。

微量Er、Zr对Al-1.5Mg合金微观组织和性能的影响

借助OM、XRD和SEM等手段研究了微量Er、Zr元素对Al-1.5Mg合金微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明:合金中除了含有少量的β相(Mg2Al3)和Mg2Si外,绝大部分为铁基相(Al3Fe和Al12Fe3Si);复合添加Er、Zr能促进铁基相析出,实现针状相转化为相对无害的骨骼状相,提高了合金的宏观硬度和加工性能;大部分Er溶解在Al基体中,其余分布在晶界处的Er易吸附固/液界面前沿处的铁等原子,造成成分过冷,从而增加形核率,细化晶粒;Zr几乎都固溶于Al基体中,但有少量Al3Zr粒子形成。

基于DSC分析的Al-7Si-1.5Cu-0.5Mg合金热处理工艺研究

示差热(DSC)分析通常用于合金相变温度点的确定。针对Al-7Si-1.5Cu-0.5Mg合金,将DSC吸收峰面积与θ相(Al_(2)Cu)的数量相联系,并辅之以SEM+EDS对DSC分析结果进行检测。结果表明,500℃下固溶4 h后DSC吸收峰面积从铸态的0.6 J/g降低至0.1 J/g,且随着固溶时间的增加,吸收峰面积无明显变化,与扫描电镜下对θ相溶解检测结果一致。均说明了在500℃下保温4 h后Al_(2)Cu基本溶入基体中,达到了良好的固溶效果。证明了示差热(DSC)可用于检测相的固溶程度,亦证明其具有进一步应用于热处理工艺制定的可行性。

Dynamic recrystallization during hot torsion of Al-4Mg alloy

Binary Al-4Mg alloy have been deformed by hot torsion at 300-500 deg C andstrain rates of 0.006-1.587 s^(-1) to a true strain of 5.5. The specimens were annealed in vacuumfor 1.5 h at 500 deg C and then water quenched. The study indicates that the dynamicrecrystallization occurs during hot torsion of Al-4Mg alloy in a certain range of Z parameter(Zener-Hollmon Parameter), i.e. 19.3 <= lnZ <=24.8. Increasing the strain rate at higher deformationtemperature or reducing the strain rate at lower deformation temperature accelerates the occurrenceof dynamic recrystallization in the alloy.

Grain refinement of Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C master alloy on pure Al and Al-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy

The refinement potential of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy on pure aluminium and Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy has been investigated. Different amounts of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy were added to estimate the optimal addition level. It was found that the addition of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C grain refiner can promote significantly the refinement of grains in the pure aluminium, particularly at 0.1 wt.%, with the mean primary aluminium α-grain size reducing to 187±3 μm from about 1-3 mm. Similarly, the microstructural study of the Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy die casting at different weight percentages(viz. 0.0 wt.%, 0.1 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%) of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy shows that the Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy as a grain refiner is also acceptable for Al-Si cast alloys when the silicon content is more than 4 wt.%. As a result of inoculation with Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy, the average grain size of α-Al is reduced to 22±3 μm from about 71±3 μm and grain refining efficiency is not characterized by any visible poisoning effect, which is the major limitation in the grain refinement of Al-Si cast alloys by applying Al-Ti-B ternary master alloys. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are significantly improved by 9.6% and 9.7%, respectively.

Microstructure of the Hypoeutectic Al-Mg Alloy Solidified at 4 GPa High Pressure

High pressure solidification rules of Al-Mg alloy needs to be discussed further for its wide range of application. Microstructures and phases of Al-25wt% Mg alloy solidified at 4 GPa were studied by optical microscope,X-ray diffractmeter,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy( TEM). The microstructure evolution mechanism of Al-25Mg alloy under high pressure was analyzed. The result shows that the alloy consists of α-Al phase and Al 3 Mg 2 phase under normal pressure. However,only Al 12 Mg 17 phase forms without Al 3 Mg 2 phase at 4 GPa. In addition,Mg concentration in α-Al phase increases and that of the lattice constant also increases. The α-Al dendrite presents the broken arms under normal pressure, after high pressure solidification,the morphology of the dendrite tends to integrate and the size of the dendrite arms

Efficiency of Chalcone Compounds Inhibitors for Acid Corrosion of Al and Al-3.5Mg Alloy

Corrosion inhibition of Al and Al-3.5Mg alloy by organic compounds, namely chalcones in hydrochloric acid solutions has been investigated by rapid polarization technique and weight loss method. Polarization measurements show that, the inhibitors act cathodically both in case of Al and Al-3.5Mg alloy. It was found from the weight loss measurements that, the inhibition efficiency depends on the substituent in the chalcone compound. The relative inhibitive efficiency of these compounds has been explained on the basis of structure dependent electron donor properties of the inhibitors and the metal inhibitor interaction on the surface. The inhibition efficiency ranges from 16 to 64% for Al and from 30% to 91% for Al-3.5Mg alloy

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of the Al-6Mg Alloy Subjected to Three Treatment Conditions

The mechanical properties of Al-6Mg alloy with three treatment states （H112, O and cold-extruded states） were investigated at room and high temperatures using an INSTRON machine and a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar （SHPB）. Stress-strain curves of the alloy with different processes were obtained at a quasi-static strain rate of 5×10-4 s-1and dynamic strain rates of 1 400-4 200 s-1, respectively. The results suggest that, at room temperature, the three processed Al-6Mg alloys are all low sensitive to strain rate. The O state Al-6Mg alloy （Al-6Mg-O） exhibits the most ductility, while the cold-extruded Al-6Mg alloy （Al-6Mg-C） displays the highest strength. At elevated temperatures, the yield stresses and the differences in yield stress of the three processed alloys all decrease with increasing temperature under the quasi-static strain rate of 5×10-4 s-1. Based on test results, modified Johnson-Cook （JC） constitutive models for the three processed Al-6Mg alloys were developed. The microstructures before and after deformation were examined by electron backscattered diffraction （EBSD） and further dynamic recrystallization （DRX） at the strain rate of 3 300 s-1 was discussed.

Effects of conform continuous extrusion and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–13Si–7.5Cu–1Mg alloy

The effects of conform continuous extrusion and subsequent heat treatment on the mechanical and wear-resistance properties of high-alloying Al–13Si–7.5Cu–1Mg alloy were investigated.The microstructures of alloys before and after conform processing and aging were compared by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy,respectively.The results reveal that the primary phases were broken and refined by intense shear deformation during conform processing.After the conform-prepared Al–13Si–7.5Cu–1Mg alloy was subjected to solid-solution treatment at 494℃for 1.5 h and aging at 180℃for 4 h,its hardness improved from HBS 115.8 to HBS 152.5 and its ultimate tensile strength increased from 112.6 to 486.8 MPa.Its wear resistance was also enhanced.The factors leading to the enhanced strength,hardness,and wear resistance of the alloy were discussed in detail.

固溶温度对Mg-8Zn-1.5Sm镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用SEM、XRD、硬度及力学性能测试,研究了Mg-8Zn-1.5Sm合金400℃固溶处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明：合金固溶处理后主要成分Mg2Zn3与Mg41Sm5明显增多。随固溶处理时间增加,原先的α-Mg枝晶结构的数量不断减少并转变成块状组织;当固溶时间达到20 h后,合金中的枝晶组织已经完全消失。随固溶时间的上升,合金拉伸强度、伸长率与硬度均表现出先增强后减弱的变化,在20 h时,分别达到256 MPa、13.6%与76.4 HV。铸态合金的拉伸断口形貌表现为晶界断裂类型。随固溶时间的增加,合金解理刻面及撕裂棱增多,合金断口特点从沿晶断裂转化成韧性断裂。

Developing Zn–1.5Mg Alloy with Simultaneous Improved Strength,Ductility and Suitable Biodegradability by Rolling at Room Temperature

This study systematically investigated the influence of the microstructure evolution,mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors on Zn–1.5Mg(wt%)alloy processed by room-temperature rolling.The as-cast Zn–1.5Mg alloy consists ofη-Zn matrix andη-Zn+Mg_(2)Zn_(11)eutectic structure.As rolling reduction increases,the average grain size of the alloy reduces from 42.9 to 1.7μm,and the eutectic structure undergoes fragmentation and refinement,changing from a network distribution surrounding the matrix to a lamellar alternating distribution with the matrix.The ultimate tensile strength of the as-rolled alloy(80%reduction)is increased to 366±3.7 MPa,along with a good elongation of 18.4%±2.0%.Immersion tests in Hanks’solution indicate that the initial corrosion rate of the 80%-rolled alloy is 0.030 mm/year and finally stabilizes at 0.034 mm/year when the immersion duration is extended to 21 days.According to X-ray diffractometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses,Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),CaCO_(3),Ca(OH)_(2),Zn_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),Zn(OH)_(2),ZnO and a small amount of MgO and MgCO_(3)are the main corrosion products on the surface.Due to the microstructure refinement,the developed alloy exhibits uniform corrosion,and the corrosion morphology is dominated by pitting pits.

MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF Al_2O_3sf／Al－1．5Mg COMPOSTITE MANUFACTURED BY EXTRUSION DIRECTLY FOLLOWING LIQUID INFILTRATION

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Mn含量对Al-20Si-1.5Mg合金组织和性能的影响

通过MFE3光学显微镜、万能力学试验机等手段对Al-20Si-1.5Mg-xMn合金进行了研究。结果显示,添加Mn元素后,合金的晶粒先细化随后又逐渐变粗大,合金的力学性能也是随着Mn含量的增加先升高后降低。在Mn含量为0.5%时综合性能最好。

回复态Al-1.5%Mg单相合金大变形组织与强化机制

通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、电子背散射衍射分析(EBSD)分析技术表征大应变后材料内部微观结构,并结合拉伸实验通过公式定量计算出各部分强化因素对合金屈服强度的贡献,研究了锻造及退火态铝镁单相合金(Al^(-1).5%Mg)在大变形过程中的组织演变及强化机制。结果表明:由于固溶镁元素的存在,铝镁单相合金在大变形过程能有效累积位错。等通道转角大应变加工使得平均晶粒尺寸减小(4.605μm降低至2.183μm),平均晶界角度提高(4.43°提高至6.51°),低角度晶界比例减少(0.97降低至0.89),晶体取向显著降低。后续的压缩大应变加工进一步降低平均晶粒尺寸(2.183μm降低至1.328μm),提高高角度晶界的比例(0.10提高至0.16)。大应变铝镁合金的强化主要由晶格摩擦应力、位错强化、低角度晶界强化、高角度晶界强化和固溶强化组成,其中位错强化和低角度晶界强化贡献占绝大部分。

Mg-5Sn-1.5Al-1Zn-1Si合金的高温变形机制

以Mg-5Sn-1．5A1-1Zn．1si合金为研究对象，分析了复合强化、sb元素及动态再结晶对合金高温变形机制的影响。结果表明：往复挤压镁合金经过复合强化与热处理后，晶界面积减少，晶界滑移得到有效控制，合金呈现优良的高温性能。对于Mg-5Sn-1．5A1-1Zn-1Si-xSb合金，Sb元素具有活性作用，能够改善其高温强度，200℃以上效果更为显著，这主要与Mg3Sb2的熔点高、热稳定性好有关。合金经过动态再结晶以后，晶粒变大，对高温变形更加有利，同时温度升高，对动态再结晶具有促进作用，加速塑性变形。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7Si-0.7Mg alloy formed with an addition of(Pr+Ce)

Effects of （Pr＋Ce） addition on the Al-7Si-0.7Mg alloy were investigated by optical microscope （OM）, energy diffraction spectrum （EDS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and tensile tests. The results showed that the Al-7Si-0.7Mg alloy was modified with （Pr＋Ce） addition. The needle-like eutectic silicon phase developed into rose form and the crystalline grains decreased in size and showed a high degree of spheroidization. When the amount of the （Pr＋Ce） addition reached 0.6 wt.%, the mean diameter was 31.8μm （refined by 50%）. The aspect ratio decreased to 1.35, and the tensile strength and ductility reached 192.4 MPa and 2.18%, respectively At higher levels of addition, over-modification occurred, as indicated by increased grain size and reduced mechanical properties. The poisoning effect of the （Pr＋Ce） addition on eutectic silicon and the constitutional supercooling caused by the （Pr＋Ce） addition were the major causes of alloy modification, grain refinement, and the improvement of mechanical properties.

Grain growth behavior of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy during isothermal β heat treatments

Isothermal β heat treatments of Ti-6.5 Al-3.5 Mo-1.5 Zr-0.3 Si alloy were performed at the temperature of1040-1240 ℃ to examine the influence of heating conditions on grain growth of the alloy. The results show that the grain size increases with heating temperature and holding time increasing. Rapid β grain growth of the alloy takes place at the temperature of over 1140 ℃. The grain growth kinetics for the alloy follows the classical isothermal grain growth law.The growth time exponent(n) of 0.5651 and activation energy(Q) of 129.6 kJ mol-1 are determined. Finally, in order to determine the grain size under different heating conditions,the grain growth model of the alloy was established.