Effects of stabilizing heat treatment on microstructures and creep behavior of Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloy

The microstructures of as-extruded and stabilizing heat-treated Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloys were observed by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction analysis techniques.The change in structure after heat treatment and its effects on room temperature creep behavior were investigated by creep experiments at constant stress and slow strain rate tensile tests.The results show that after stabilizing heat treatment（（350℃,30 min,water-cooling）＋（100℃,12 h,air-cooling））,the amount of α＋η lamellar structure decreases,while the amount of cellular and granular structure increases.The heat-treated Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloy exhibits better creep resistance than the as-extruded alloy,and the rate of steady state creep decreases by 96.9% after stabilizing heat treatment.

高合金化Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金均匀化退火制度研究

研究了不同单级均匀化退火制度对高合金化Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金组织的影响。通过对第二相及共晶组织的演化规律分析获得了合金较为理想的单级均匀化退火制度。组织分析发现,Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金中第二相主要为片层状的T(AlZnMgCu)相,以及片层间与T(AlZnMgCu)相共生的Al_(2)CuMg相,过烧温度为476℃。在465、470、475℃三种温度下开展的单级均匀化退火处理研究结果表明,在过烧温度下进行单级均匀化退火处理很难将共晶组织完全消除。本研究确定的较为理想的均匀化退火制度为475℃96 h,在此制度下的第二相残留数量最少、形貌圆滑,且共晶组织体积分数最低为0.5%。

Effects of Si addition on microstructure, mechanical and thermal fatigue properties of Zn-38Al-2.5Cu alloys

The influence of Si addition on microstructure, mechanical properties and thermal fatigue behavior of Zn-38Al-2.5Cu alloys was investigated. The results show that constitutional supercooling of ZA38 alloys is formed because of the Si addition. Zn-38Al-2.5Cu-0.55Si alloy shows the dramatically refined microstructure and the best mechanical properties. When the Si addition exceeds 0.55%,αdendrites develop and Si phases become larger and aggregate along the dendrites boundaries, decreasing the mechanical properties. Oxides and pits formed by the plastic deformation are the main factors of cracks initiation. During the early stage of crack propagation, the cracks grow at a high speed well described by Paris law because of the porous and loose oxide, and mainly propagate along the dendrites boundaries. During the slow-growth stage, secondary cracks share the energy of crack growth, delaying the propagation of cracks, and the cracks propagate and fracture by the mixture of intergranular and transgranular modes.

Effect of non-isothermal retrogression and re-ageing on through-thickness homogeneity of microstructure and properties of Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu alloy thick plate

In order to improve the through-thickness homogeneity and properties of aviation aluminum alloy thick plate.The effect of heating-cooling retrogression and re-ageing on the performance of Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu alloy thick plate was investigated by hardness tests, electrical conductivity tests and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) observation.Results revealed that, during retrogression heating, the fine pre-precipitates in surface layer dissolve more and the undissolved η′ or η phases are more coarsened than that of center layer. During slow cooling after retrogression,precipitates continue coarsening but with a lower rate and the secondary precipitation occurs in both layers. Finer precipitates resulting from the secondary precipitation are more in surface. However, the coarsening and secondary precipitation behaviors are restrained in both layers under quick cooling condition. The electrical conductivity and through-thickness homogeneity of precipitates increases while the hardness decreases with cooling rate decreasing. After the optimized non-isothermal retrogression and re-ageing(NRRA) including air-cooling retrogression, the throughthickness homogeneity which is evaluated by integrated retrogression effects has been improved to 94%. The tensile strength, fracture toughness and exfoliation corrosion grade of Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu alloy plate is 619 MPa, 24.7 MPa·m^(1/2)and EB, respectively, which indicates that the non-isothermal retrogression and re-aging(NRRA) could improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance with higher through-thickness homogeneity.

Corrosion behavior of hypoeutectic Al-Cu alloys in H_2SO_4 and NaCl solutions

The aim of this work was to evaluate the electrochemical behaviour of hypoeutectic Al-Cu alloys immersed in two different solutions containing sulphate and chloride ions, respectively. The influence of Al2Cu associated to the dendritic arm spacing on the general corrosion resistance of such alloys is analysed. The typical microstructural pattern was examined by using scanning electron microscope. The corrosion tests were performed in both 0.5 M sulphuric acid and 0.5 M NaCl solutions at 25℃ by using an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） technique and potentiodynamic polarization curves. Equivalent circuits by using the ZView software, were also used to provide quantitative support for the discussions. It was found that as the Cu content increased （i.e., increasing the Al2Cu fraction）, a higher susceptibility to the corrosion action in the NaCl solution is detected. In contrast, the tests carried out in the H2SO4 solution resulted in similar corrosion,rates for the three different hypoeutectic alloys.

Finite element analysis of stress-strain localization and distribution in Al-4.5Cu-2Mg alloy

Finite element analysis has been carried out to understand the effect of various processing routes and condition on the microscale deformation behavior of Al–4.5 Cu–2 Mg alloy. The alloy has been developed through four different routes and condition, i.e. conventional gravity casting with and without refiner, rheocasting and SIMA process. The optical microstructures of the alloy have been used to develop representative volume elements（RVEs）. Two different boundary conditions have been employed to simulate the deformation behavior of the alloy under uniaxial loading. Finally, the simulated stress-strain behavior of the alloy is compared with the experimental result. It is found that the microstructural morphology has a significant impact on stress and strain distribution and load carrying capacity. The eutectic phase always carries a higher load than the α（Al） phase. The globular α（Al） grains with thinner and uniformly distributed eutectic network provide a better stress and strain distribution. Owing to this, SIMA processed alloy has better stress and strain distribution than other processes. Finally, the simulated yield strength of the alloy is verified by experiment and they have great agreement.

Effects of Cu addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Er-modified Al-10Mg_(2)Si cast alloys

The solidification microstructure and mechanical properties of hypoeutectic Al-10Mg_(2)Si cast alloys with different Cu contents and 0.45 wt.% Er were investigated using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and an electronic universal testing machine. Results showed that Cu and Er could significantly reduce the grain size of the eutectic Mg;Si phase from 15.4 μm for the base alloy to 5.8 μm for the alloy with 1.5 wt.% Cu and 0.45 wt.% Er.Meanwhile, the needle-like β-Al5Fe Si phase was modified to fine sized irregular shaped Cu, Er and Fe-rich particles with the additions of Cu and Er. The strength and ductility of the Al-10Mg_(2)Si as-cast alloys were simultaneously improved by the additions of Cu and Er, and the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation increase from 223 MPa,136 MPa and 2.1% to 337 MPa, 169 MPa and 4.7%, respectively. The heterogeneous nucleation of Mg_(2)Si on Al P was avoided by forming Cu, Er and P-containing phases, due to the additions of Cu and Er. Moreover, the Cu and Er atomic clusters and their intermetallic segregated on the surface of the eutectic Mg_(2)Si and inhibited the growth of the eutectic Mg_(2)Si, which were responsible for the modification of the eutectic Mg_(2)Si.

锰对铸造Zn-38Al-2.2Cu合金组织和热疲劳性能的影响

在Zn-38Al-2.2Cu合金中加入不同量的锰后,研究锰对合金力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明,合金中添加0.6%的锰后,部分锰元素溶入基体α′相,使α′相产生固溶强化,导致合金的耐热性及热疲劳性能提高。剩余的锰在基体上析出弥散度和热稳定性都很高的富锰相,提高了合金的热强性,弥补了高温环境下合金晶界薄弱的缺点。富锰相大小适中、分布均匀,对裂纹的传播和扩展有抑制作用,而当富锰相粗大、呈连续状分布时,有利于裂纹的扩展。

双级时效对Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金组织与性能的影响

为提高Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金的综合力学性能和耐蚀性能,采用硬度测试、电导率测试、室温拉伸实验、剥落腐蚀实验及透射电镜(TEM)观察,研究了双级时效对Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金组织及性能的影响.结果表明:第二级时效参数决定了合金的综合性能;第二级时效温度越高,保温时间越长,合金的硬度和强度越低,但是电导率和抗剥落腐蚀性能越好;经过120℃×6 h+160℃×16 h的双级时效处理,Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率、断裂韧性及剥落腐蚀等级分别为:580 MPa,549 MPa,12%,KIC=24. 7 MPa·m1/2和EB.

Effects of grain refining and modification on mechanical properties and microstructures of Al-7.5Si-4Cu cast alloy

Al-7.5Si-4Cu cast alloy melt modified by Al-5Ti-B, RE and Al-10Sr master alloys were poured in the chromite sand moulds, to investigate comparatively the effects of individual or combined additions of grain refiners and modifiers on the mechanical properties, microstructures, grain refining and modification, and intermetallic compounds of the alloy. The results show that the mechanical properties and the microstructures of Al-7.5Si-4Cu cast alloys are improved immensely by combining addition of 0.8%Al-5Ti-B, 0.1%RE and 0.1%Al-10Sr grain refiners and modifiers compared with the individual addition and cast conditions. For individual addition condition, addition of 0.8%Al-5Ti-B master alloy can obtain superior tensile strength, Brinell hardness and finer equiaxedα（Al） dendrites. The alloy with 0.1%RE master alloy shows the highest improvement in ductility because the rare earth can purify the molten metal and change the shape of intermetallic compounds. While the alloy with 0.1%Al-10Sr modifier shows only good improvement in yield strength, and the improvement of other performance is unsatisfactory. The Al-10Sr modifier has a significant metamorphism for the eutectic silicon, but will make the gas content in the aluminum alloy melt increase to form serious columnar grain structures. The effects of grain refining and modification on mean area and aspect ratio have the same conclusions obtained in the mechanical properties and the microstructures analyses.

Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金热处理后的拉伸与晶间腐蚀性能

为了研究不同时效处理对Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金性能的影响,研究了强化固溶后T6和T76时效处理对Al-6Zn-2M g-2Cu合金硬度、拉伸性能与晶间腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,强化固溶后与经过T6时效处理的合金相比,T76时效处理后合金的硬度并无明显变化,但合金的抗拉强度下降了4.39%,伸长率则明显上升.经T6和T76时效处理后,合金的晶间腐蚀等级均为4级.两种时效状态下合金腐蚀速率均在0~1.5 h范围内急剧增大,之后开始下降.经过强化固溶与T76时效处理后,合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能得到明显改善.

原位增强TiB_2/Al-4.5Cu复合材料的组织与力学性能

通过不同配比的混合盐体系 (K2 TiF6 KBF4 Na3 AlF6 Al 4.5Cu )制备原位增强TiB2 /Al 4.5Cu复合材料 ,分析该复合材料的凝固组织 ,测试其力学性能 ,并与基体合金进行对比。结果表明 :K2 TiF6 KBF4 Na3 AlF6在Al 4.5Cu合金熔体中能够反应生成弥散分布的TiB2 颗粒 ,从而起到细化和强化基体的作用。当K2 TiF6和KBF4混合物加入量w为基体的 2 0 %时 ,复合材料的力学性能最优 ,抗拉强度σb 达到 414 .3MPa ,伸长率δ为 4.2 % ,硬度HB为 13 2 ,分别比基体提高 5 4% ,3 5 % ,40 %。

原位合成TiB_2/Al-4Cu复合材料的组织和摩擦磨损性能

采用混合盐反应(MixedSaltReaction)原位合成法成功制备了TiB2/Al-4Cu复合材料,并对其摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。采用X射线衍射分析物相和扫描电镜观察其显微组织,结果表明,原位生成的TiB2颗粒非常细小,尺寸分布在0.1～1.5μm之间,平均尺寸为400nm,均匀分布于晶界处,明显细化了复合材料组织。室温干滑动摩擦磨损试验表明,复合材料耐磨性高于基体合金的,基体合金磨损机制以粘着磨损为主,复合材料磨损机制为磨粒磨损和轻微粘着磨损共同作用。

Zn-10Al-2Cu合金高温热压缩流变行为研究

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机对Zn-10Al-2Cu合金在变形温度为150~330℃、变形速率为0.01~10s-1条件下的流变行为进行研究。结果表明：Zn-10Al-2Cu合金在热压缩变形中,当应变速率一定时,流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小;而当变形温度一定时,流变应力随着变形速率的增大而增大,达到峰值后下降趋势平缓。Zn-10Al-2Cu合金的热压缩流变行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述。在本实验条件下,该锌铝铜合金热变形应力指数n为5.4、热变形激活能Q为137kJ/mol,高温流变应力用含Zener-Hollomon参数的Arrhenius方程描述为：σ=123ln{（Z/（1.22×1013））1/5.4＋[（Z/（1.22×1013））2/5.4＋1]1/2}。

硅对Zn-40Al-2.5Cu合金性能的影响

采用螺旋形流动性试验、尺寸稳定性试验、磨损性试验等方法,研究了硅含量对Zn-40Al-2.5Cu合金的流动性、尺寸稳定性及耐磨性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着硅含量的增加,Zn-40Al-2.5Cu合金的流动性和密度逐渐减小,尺寸稳定性逐渐增大,硅含量为4.5wt%时合金具有最好的耐磨性能。

Al-12Si-2Cu-xCe压铸铝合金的微观组织演化及显微硬度

在工业用压铸铝合金Al-12Si-2Cu(ADC12)中分别添加0.3 wt%、0.6 wt%、0.9 wt%的稀土Ce元素,对其进行压铸实验。采用光学显微镜和显微硬度计,研究了Al-12Si-2Cu-xCe压铸铝合金的微观组织演化及显微硬度。实验结果表明:初生α-Al枝晶得到一定的球化,且其二次枝晶间距(SDAS)开始随着Ce含量的增加而逐渐减小;当Ce含量为0.6 wt%时,SDAS达到最小值;当Ce含量为0.9%时,SDAS值反而更大。另外,Ce的添加使α-Al枝晶间共晶Si相和富Fe金属间化合物相(β-AlFeSi)的尺寸变化规律与SDAS的变化规律类似。Al-12Si-2Cu-xCe(x=0、0.3、0.6、0.9)压铸铝合金对应的显微硬度值分别为100.6、109.87、111.54、108.1 HV。

高温宽滞后Cu-13.5Al-2.5Mn-1.36Zn合金的晶体结构分析

应用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对Cu-13.5Al-2.5Mn-1.36Zn合金的晶体结构进行了分析,结果表明,该合金的亚结构与常见的18R及2H马氏体中的堆垛层错及孪晶条纹有很大的不同。在这种合金的马氏体变体中,可至少观察到两种面缺陷以相近的密度分布,合金中各变体以多种形式进行协作,不同变体的内部亚结构相差很大,且有些变体在界面处以相当牢固的方式进行连接。以上这些结构特征可能与该合金的高逆相变温度及宽相变滞后有关。

旋压对Al-2Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni合金热处理组织的影响

利用金相、硬度和XRD等方法研究了旋压变形对Al-2Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni合金热处理组织的影响。结果表明,旋压使Al-2Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni合金时效后的硬度得到明显提高,峰时效时间缩短;同时,旋压后的Al-2Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni合金组织中再结晶晶粒均匀且细小,晶粒尺寸平均为30μm左右,远小于旋压前的再结晶晶粒。

原位Al_2O_3颗粒含量对Al-6.8Cu合金组织的影响

制备具有不同原位Al2O3颗粒含量的近液相线铸造Al-6.8Cu合金,在580℃、590℃、600℃和610℃进行二次加热并保温10 min、20 min、40 min和60 min,淬火固定半固态组织。采用光镜观察其组织,利用平均截线法统计其晶粒尺寸,分析不同颗粒含量对近液相线铸造Al-6.8Cu合金半固态组织的影响规律。结果表明,原位Al2O3颗粒对Al-6.8Cu合金的铸态组织没有明显的球化和细化作用,但是在合金的二次加热过程中对合金的晶粒长大行为具有抑制作用,当原位Al2O3颗粒含量达到3.6 wt%时,对晶界已经产生良好的钉扎效果,使合金保持细小均匀的等轴晶组织特征,能够满足后续的半固态成形工艺要求。

Constitutive modeling for dynamic recrystallization kinetics of Mg-4Zn-2Al-2Sn alloy

In order to have a better understanding of the hot deformation behavior of the as-solution-treated Mg-4 Zn-2 Sn-2 Al（ZAT422） alloy, a series of compression experiments with a height reduction of 60% were performed in the temperature range of 498-648 K and the strain rate range of 0.01-5 s～（-1） on a Gleeble 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. Based on the regression analysis by Arrhenius type equation and Avrami type equation of flow behavior, the activation energy of deformation of ZAT422 alloy was determined as 155.652 k J/mol, and the constitutive equations for flow behavior and the dynamic recrystallization（DRX） kinetic model of ZAT422 alloy were established. Microstructure observation shows that when the temperature is as low as 498 K, the DRX is not completed as the true strain reaches 0.9163. However, with the temperature increasing to 648 K, the lower strain rate is more likely to result in some grains＇ abnormal growth.