基于机器学习的Ti-5Al-1.5Mo-1.8Fe低成本钛合金热加工图预测

为了研究Ti-5Al-1.5Mo-1.8Fe低成本钛合金的热变形行为,运用Instron 5869压缩实验机进行热压缩实验。构建了以变形温度、应变速率、应变为输入变量和流变应力为输出变量的6种机器学习模型,预测不同条件下该合金的流变应力值并评估检验模型的预测性能。根据预测表现最好的LSTM神经网络模型的预测数据绘制预测加工图,对照实验加工图评估检验其预测能力。结果表明:预测加工图能够较为准确地反映出Ti-5Al-1.5Mo-1.8Fe合金在应变为0.499时的可加工区域,与实验加工图的吻合程度较高,该方法能较好地预测Ti-5Al-1.5Mo-1.8Fe合金的热变形行为。

Effect of addition of minor amounts of Sb and Gd on hot tearing susceptibility of Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy

The effects of addition of minor amount of(0.5 wt.%) antimony(Sb) or gadolinium(Gd) and combined addition of Sb and Gd(0.5 wt.%,respectively) on the hot tearing susceptibility(HTS) of Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy were investigated experimentally using a “T-shaped” hot tearing measuring system. Various solidification parameters of the alloys were measured and calculated through thermal analysis experiments. The microstructure, grain size, and morphology of the crack zone were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, and the crystal phases of the alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of 0.5 wt.% Gd resulted in the increase in the vulnerable temperature range(Tv) and reduced the eutectic structure content that could participate in feeding, thereby improving the HTS of the alloy. However, addition of 0.5 wt.% Sb or combined addition of Gd and Sb(0.5 wt.%, respectively) to the Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy shortened the Tvand improved the skeleton strength of the alloy, thereby reducing HTS. Moreover, significantly refined structure of Mg-5Al-3Ca-0.5Gd-0.5Sb alloy improved the feeding ability of the eutectic structure, thus the alloy exhibited the lowest HTS.

Effects of Mn and Sn on microstructure of Al-7Si-Mg alloy modified by Sr and Al-5Ti-B

The effects of Mn and Sn on the microstructure of Al?7Si?Mg alloy modified by Sr and Al?5Ti?B were studied. The results show that the columnar dendrites structure is observed with high content of Sr, indicating a poisoning effect of the Al?5Ti?B grain refinement. In addition, Sr intermetallic compounds distribute on the TiB2 particles, which agglomerate inside the eutectic Si. The mechanism responsible for such poisoning was discussed. The addition of Mn changes the morphology of iron intermetallic compounds fromβ-Al5FeSi toα-Al(Mn,Fe)Si. Increasing the amount of Mn changes the morphology ofα-Al(Mn,Fe)Si from branched shape to rod-like shape with branched distribution, and finally convertsα-Al(Mn,Fe)Si to Chinese script shape. The microstructure observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that Mg is more likely to interact with Sn in contrast with Si under the effect of Sn. Mg2Sn compound preferentially precipitates between the Si/Si interfaces and Al/Si interfaces.

Effects of Al-Ti-B-RE grain refiner on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7.0Si-0.55Mg alloy

To investigate the effects of Al-Ti-B-RE grain refiner on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7.0Si-0.55Mg （A357） alloy, some novel Al-7.0Si-0.55Mg alloys added with different amount of Al-STi-1B-RE grain refiner with different RE composition were prepared by vacuum-melting. The microstructure and fracture behavior of the AI-7.0Si-0.55Mg alloys with the grain refiners were observed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and the mechanical properties of the alloys were tested in mechanical testing machine at room temperature. The observation of AI-Ti-B-RE morphology and internal structure of the particles reveals that it exhibits a TiAl3/Ti2Al20RE core-shell structure via heterogeneous TiB2 nuclei. The tensile strength of Al-7.0Si-0.55Mg alloys with Al-5Ti-1B-3.0RE grain refiner reaches the peak value at the same addition （0.2%） of grain refiner.

Fe元素微量添加对Al-5Ni高导热合金性能及流变行为的影响

Al-Ni近/共晶合金兼具高强韧和高导热性能,Ni在Al中的共晶成分点较其他常见过渡族元素更高,其铸件在热管理材料领域具有可观的应用潜力。研究了微量添加Fe元素对Al-5wt%Ni合金的微观组织、导热系数、力学性能和流变行为的影响。结果表明,Al-5wt%Ni中添加0.1wt%Fe元素可实现α-Al晶粒的显著细化,(α-Al+Al3Ni)共晶组织球化且第二相分布更为均匀。当Fe元素添加量在0.1wt%时,Al-5wt%Ni合金导热系数和力学性能同步提升,导热系数由211.4 W/(m·K)提升到218.8 W/(m·K),抗拉强度由132.5 MPa提升到170.9 MPa。通过高温熔体库埃特粘度仪表征合金熔体流变行为,发现添加0.5wt%Fe元素在Al-5wt%Ni合金中会导致该液态熔体粘度上升,但645℃时其剪切稀薄特性更强。

Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Based Techniques for Numerical Modeling and Prediction of Aluminum-5%Magnesium Alloy Doped with REM Neodymium

In this study, the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium doped with rare earth metal neodymium were evaluated. Fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to model the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium (0-0.9 wt%) neodymium. The single input (SI) to the fuzzy logic and artificial neural network models was the percentage weight of neodymium, while the multiple outputs (MO) were average grain size, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength elongation and hardness. The fuzzy logic-based model showed more accurate prediction than the artificial neutral network-based model in terms of the correlation coefficient values (R).

Selective laser melted near-beta titanium alloy Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe:Microstructure and mechanical properties

In this work,a near-beta Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe titanium alloy was fabricated by selective laser melting(SLM),and the microstructure evolution together with the mechanical properties was studied.The as-fabricated alloy showed columnarβgrains spreading over multiple layers and paralleling to the building direction.The distinct microstructure of as-fabricated alloy was composed of near-β(more than 98.1%)with a submicron cellular structure.Different SLM processing parameters such as hatch spacing could affect the microstructure of as-fabricated alloy,which could thus further significantly affect the mechanical properties of as-fabricated alloy.In addition,the as-fabricated alloy with the distinct microstructure exhibits yield strength of 818 MPa combined with elongation of more than 19%,which shows that SLM is a potential technology for manufacturing near-beta titanium components.

Isothermal compression behavior and constitutive modeling of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe alloy

Hot compression behavior of Ti-5 Al-5 Mo-5 V-1 Cr-1 Fe alloy with an equiaxed（α＋β） starting microstructure was investigated by isothermal compression test and optical microscopy. Based on the true strain-stress data with temperature correction, constitutive models with a high accuracy were developed and processing maps were established. Strain inhomogeneity at different locations in the compressed sample is reduced by raising temperature, leading to a uniform distribution of α phases. For the temperature range of 800-840 ℃ with a strain rate of 10 s^-1, the transformed volume fraction of α phase increases and the average grain size of α phase decreases slightly with increasing the temperature, indicating co-existence of dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. Flow localization and faint β grain boundaries are observed at the strain rate of 10 s^-1 in the temperature range of 860-900 ℃. The processing map analysis shows that hot working of Ti-5 Al-5 Mo-5 V-1 Cr-1 Fe alloy should be conducted with the strain rate lower than 0.01 s^-1 to extend its workability.

Effects of high-pressure rheo-squeeze casting on the Fe-rich phases and mechanical properties of Al-17Si-(1,1.5)Fe alloys

The effects of high pressure rheo-squeeze casting(HPRC) on the Fe-rich phases(FRPs) and mechanical properties of Al-17 Si-(1,1.5)Fe alloys were investigated. The alloy melts were first treated by ultrasonic vibration(UV) and then formed by high-pressure squeeze casting(HPSC). The FRPs in the as-cast HPSC Al-17 Si-1 Fe alloys only contained a long, needle-shaped β-Al5 Fe Si phase at 0 MPa. In addition to the β-Al5 Fe Si phase, the HPSC Al-17 Si-1.5 Fe alloy also contained the plate-shaped δ-Al4 Fe Si2 phase. A fine, block-shaped δ-Al4 Fe Si2 phase was formed in the Al-17 Si-1 Fe alloy treated by UV. The size of FRPs decreased with increasing pressure. After UV treatment, solidification under pressure led to further refinement of the FRPs. Considering alloy samples of the same composition, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of the HPRC samples was higher than that of the HPSC samples, and the UTS increased with increasing pressure. The UTS of the Al-17 Si-1 Fe alloy formed by HPSC exceeded that of the Al-17 Si-1.5 Fe alloy formed in the same manner under the same pressure. Conversely, the UTS of the Al-17 Si-1 Fe alloy formed by HPRC decreased to a value lower than that of the Al-17 Si-1.5 Fe alloy formed in the same manner.

Grain refinement of Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C master alloy on pure Al and Al-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy

The refinement potential of AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C master alloy on pure aluminium and AI-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy has been investigated. Different amounts of AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C master alloy were added to estimate the optimal addition level. It was found that the addition of AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C grain refiner can promote significantly the refinement of grains in the pure aluminium, particularly at 0.1wt.%, with the mean primary aluminium a-grain size reducing to 187＋3 IJm from about 1-3 mm. Similarly, the microstructural study of the AI-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy die casting at different weight percentages （viz. 0.0wt.%, 0.1wt.% and 1.0wt.%） of AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C master alloy shows that the AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C master alloy as a grain refiner is also acceptable for AI-Si cast alloys when the silicon content is more than 4wt.%. As a result of inoculation with AI-3.5FeNb-1.5C master alloy, the average grain size of a-AI is reduced to 22＋3 #m from about 71＋3 IJm and grain refining efficiency is not characterized by any visible poisoning effect, which is the major limitation in the grain refinement of AI-Si cast alloys by applying AI-Ti-B ternary master alloys. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are significantly improved by 9.6% and 9.7%, respectively.

Effect of Gd on microstructure and refinement performance of Al-5Ti-B alloy

Al-5Ti-B and Al-5Ti-B-Gd master alloy refiners were fabricated by fluorine salt casting method.The microstructure and phase constitution of the master alloys were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The results show that Al-Ti-B alloy refiner consists of Al_(3)Ti phase and TiB2 phase.After Gd is introduced into the intermediate alloy,Ti_(2)Al_(20)Gd phase appears in the alloy,the size of Al_(3)Ti is significantly reduced,and Ti-Al-Gd phase is found in the edge of Al_(3)Ti phase.At the same time,some independent Ti-Al-Gd phases appear in local areas,which are Ti_(2)Al_(20)Gd phase determined by micro-area electron diffraction analysis.Analysis and calculation results of the high-resolution images of the Ti_(2)Al_(20)Gd/Al structure show that there is no other compound at the junction between the Ti_(2)Al_(20)Gd phase and Al,and Ti_(2)Al_(20)Gd phase has a great difference in atomic space with the α-Al,which cannot be directly used as heterogeneous nucleus.But,after being decomposed in the aluminum melt,the Ti_(2)Al_(20)Gd phase can promote the refinement effect of the refiner.In the Al-Ti-B-Gd master alloy,there are many dispersed Al_(3)Ti particles with a size of less than 1 μm,which can promote the Al-5Ti-B refining effect.

Effect of hot deformation on α→β phase transformation in 47Zr-45Ti-5Al-3V alloy

The effect of strain rate and deformation temperature on theα→βphase transformation in 47Zr-45Ti-5Al-3V alloy with an initial widmanstattenαstructure was investigated.At the deformation temperature of 550°C,the volume fraction ofαphase decreased with increasing strain rate.At 600 and 650°C,the volume fraction ofαphase firstly increased to a maximum value with increasing strain rate from 1×10-3 to 1×10-2 s-1,and then decreased.At 700°C,the microstructure consisted of singleβphase.At a given strain rate,the volume fraction ofαphase decreased with increasing deformation temperature.With decreasing strain rate and increasing deformation temperature,the volume fraction and size of globularαphase increased.At 650°C and 1×10-3 s-1,the lamellarαphase was fully globularized.The variation in the volume fraction and morphology ofαphase with strain rate and deformation temperature significantly affected the hardness of 47Zr-45Ti-5Al-3V alloy.

熔体混合对Al-5%Fe合金组织的影响

为细化Al-5%Fe合金中的初生Al3Fe相,研究了高、低温熔体混合工艺对合金组织的影响。实验结果表明,高低温熔体混合处理工艺能在较大程度上改善Al3Fe相的形貌和尺寸:未经熔体混合工艺处理的合金组织主要为粗大的长针状Al3Fe相,组织分布稀疏且不均,熔体混合处理后,粗大的针状相转变为小针状和颗粒状,组织分布的均匀性和致密性大大提高。研究结果还发现,熔体混合工艺存在一个最佳的高温熔体温度,过高的高温熔体温度反而导致组织粗大。经X衍射物相分析发现,熔体处理前后的物相并没有发生变化,仍为-αAl和Al3Fe相。研究认为,熔体混合细化组织的主要原因一是提高了形核率,二是抑制了Al3Fe相沿择优取向的生长。

Co对Al-5%Fe合金铸态组织的影响

研究了Co对Al-5%Fe(质量分数,下同)合金中Al3Fe相形貌的改善作用。合金中加入Co后可以在很大程度上改善Al3Fe相的形貌:未加Co的Al-5%Fe合金中的Al3Fe相大多为粗大的针状和片状;Co的加入量为0.2%时,Al3Fe相的形貌为小花朵状和细小条状;Co的加入量在0.2%～1.0%时,细化效果较好,但尤以0.2%为最好,Co的加入量超过1.0%后,Al3Fe相开始略微粗化。在对Co元素的面扫描时发现其大多固溶在Al3Fe相内。X衍射分析发现,Co的量为0.2%和1.0%时合金中只存在Al和Al3Fe相,并未发现其它相。

Cr对Al-5%Fe合金中初生Al_3Fe相形貌的影响

采用普通熔铸的方法研究了加Cr对Al-5%Fe合金铸态组织的影响,采用XRD方法分析了合金中的物相.结果表明,Cr可以明显改善合金中的初生Al3Fe相形貌.不加Cr时,合金中的初生Al3Fe相大多为针状、针片状,仅有少量为花朵状;加入0.2%～1.0%Cr,Al3Fe相转变为细小针状和针点状;Cr含量超过1.0%时,组织开始粗化,出现长针状和星状Al3Fe相.SEM扫描表明,Cr主要固溶在Al3Fe相中.XRD并未检测到含Cr化合物.

Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金的高温塑性变形行为

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金进行高温热压缩实验,研究该合金在变形温度为750~900℃、应变速率为0.001~1 s 1条件下的流变应力行为。利用光学显微镜分析合金在不同变形条件下的组织演化规律。结果表明：合金的流变应力随着应变速率的增大和变形温度的降低而增大;流变应力随着应变的增加而增大,出现峰值后逐渐趋于平稳;变形过程中的流变应力可用Arrhenius双曲正弦本构关系来描述,平均变形激活能为454.2 kJ/mol;各种变形条件均可细化原始晶粒尺寸。随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低,合金的主要软化机制由动态回复逐渐变为动态再结晶;在（α＋β）相区变形（750~850℃）时,α相对β晶粒的动态再结晶的发生起到阻碍作用。

Cr和Mg对Al-5%Fe合金中初生Al_3Fe相形貌的影响

采用普通熔铸的方法研究合金元素Cr和Mg对Al-5%Fe合金铸态组织的影响,利用能谱仪分析合金中物相成分.结果表明,Cr和Mg可以明显改善合金中的初生Al3Fe相形貌:未加入合金元素时,合金中初生Al3Fe相长呈粗大的针状和针片状,加入Cr和Mg则使粗大的初生富铁相形貌转变为鱼骨状、块状和细小针状.能谱分析结果表明:Cr主要分布在富铁相中,并且鱼骨状相中的Cr含量比块状相中含量高,而Mg则主要分布在基体中.

Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金热加工图及其组织演变

采用热模拟试验机对Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金进行等温压缩试验,获得变形温度为750~900℃和应变速率为0.001~1 s 1时的真应力真应变曲线,并运用修正后的试验数据建立真应变为0.7的热加工图。通过显微组织观察,分析合金的变形机理,确定热变形失稳区。研究结果表明：Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金加工温度范围较宽,当加工温度低于800℃且变形速率大于0.1 s 1时易发生绝热剪切,造成流变失稳;随着变形温度升高,功率耗散因子η有增大趋势,合金的流动软化机制由动态回复逐渐变为动态再结晶,显微组织也随之细化、均匀。

两种热速处理工艺对Al-5%Fe合金组织的影响

研究了在高温过热Al-5%Fe合金熔体中分别加入Al锭和同种成分的Al-Fe合金两种热速处理工艺对Al3Fe相形貌的影响。试验表明:合金未热速处理时,Al3Fe相大多呈粗大的针片状和针状;采用Al-Fe合金热速处理时,过热温度为1000℃时Al3Fe相为较小的针状,但过热温度过高时,它又有所粗化;采用Al锭热速处理时,Al3Fe相随过热温度的提高而细化,其细化效果优于加Al-Fe合金热速处理。试验中还发现,组织中部分Al3Fe相出现分叉,花朵状的分叉更为明显。对分叉现象和花朵状的形成做了探讨。

Mg对Al-5%Fe合金组织的影响

研究了Mg对A1-5％Fe合金中Al3Fe相形貌的影响。研究发现,Mg对Al-5％Fe合金中Al3Fe相的形貌产生较大影响。未加入Mg时,初生Al3Fe相大多为针状,少量为花朵状。加入Mg后,组织得到改善:初生针状Al3Fe相变小,有向花朵状转变的趋势,共晶Al3Fe相长成针点状;当Mg量超过0.5％后,初生Al3Fe相的分枝加剧。