Short-Term Mosques Load Forecast Using Machine Learning and Meteorological Data

The tendency toward achieving more sustainable and green buildings turned several passive buildings into more dynamic ones.Mosques are the type of buildings that have a unique energy usage pattern.Nevertheless,these types of buildings have minimal consideration in the ongoing energy efficiency applications.This is due to the unpredictability in the electrical consumption of the mosques affecting the stability of the distribution networks.Therefore,this study addresses this issue by developing a framework for a short-term electricity load forecast for a mosque load located in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.In this study,and by harvesting the load consumption of the mosque and meteorological datasets,the performance of four forecasting algorithms is investigated,namely Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Regression(SVR)based on three kernel functions:Radial Basis(RB),Polynomial,and Linear.In addition,this research work examines the impact of 13 different combinations of input attributes since selecting the optimal features has a major influence on yielding precise forecasting outcomes.For the mosque load,the(SVR-RB)with eleven features appeared to be the best forecasting model with the lowest forecasting errors metrics giving RMSE,nRMSE,MAE,and nMAE values of 4.207 kW,2.522%,2.938 kW,and 1.761%,respectively.

An Introduction to Architecture of Nasir Al-Mulk Mosque

In analazying the form in architectural monuments or in a more comprehensive way, study of the monuments itself is one of the most fundamental and most important aspects of architecture that has several benefits and effects. One of the benefits of recognizing the shape of different building architecture is the categorization of architecture into different historical periods that can help us better understand the process of historical architectural developments in the past. Among the architectural monuments of Iran, Nasir al-Mulk Mosque in Shiraz which is a Qajar Mosque is one of the most important Mosques in Shiraz which is less focused in the previous studies. This article, which is mainly based on empirical research and field studies, was conducted for studying the architecture of the mosque and analyzing and explaining the most important architectural features of this monument. The main questions of this article are the following: 1) What are the most basic architectural features of Nasir al-Mulk Mosque and how different parts are organized and built next to each other? 2) What choices and opting out of the architectural design of the building have been carried out? To find the best answers to these questions, first we analyzed the structure and overall fitness of the Mosque and its characteristics had been enumerated. Then, we introduced and analyze the main sectors that make up the corpus such as the mosque entrance, courtyard, naves and porches, in which the form and structure of each of these sectors as well as their consort with each other in shaping the overall architecture of the mosque, are analyzed and discussed. The summary of the findings in the form of empirical statements is presented at the end of the article.

Analysis of Site Suitability of Mosques Locations Using GIS: A Case Study of Khartoum State

The distribution of mosques needs to be assessed to help authorities to choose the appropriate location for the new mosques proposals, or to extend the existing mosques, the distribution and capacity of mosques is a serious problem in Islamic towns. This research aimed at finding appropriate planning standards, selection criteria for mosques locations and capacity by studying the current locations, distributions and capacities of the existing mosques. An aerial photograph was used as a source of spatial data. The distinctive orientation of the mosques to Gibla (Mecca holy mosque direction) facilitated their identification among other buildings. A layer of mosques was created in GIS. Each mosque area was calculated from the layer and saved in the attribute table. The actual capacity of each mosque (number of worshipers) was calculated by dividing the mosque area by 1 square meter. A buffer tool was applied, depending on the optimal distance for worshipers to access the mosques;the houses within the buffer area of each mosque were calculated to estimate the expected maximum number of worshipers for Friday prayer. The actual capacities of mosques were compared to the expected population. The results indicated that some mosques were found to be suitable;some needed to be extended within the existing location, while others could not be extended within the existing location and a new location must be determined for a new mosque within the buffer area to accommodate the expected number of worshipers.

Evaluating the Role of Internal Factors in the Damage and the Methods of Treatment of the Limestone of Emir Hasan Mosque in Akhmim, Sohag, Egypt

The present paper examines the deterioration of the limestone of Emir Hasan Mosque as a result of internal damage factors. Tests were done and carried to determine the rate of damage to the limestone that was used in the past in Egypt. Chemical analyses were done to identify soluble salts. The study utilized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope equipped with EDS unit, and X-ray diffraction analysis to identify the main causes of increased limestone damage rates because of being affected by internal destructive factors. The study discussed different ways to conserve separate parts through the use of one consolidated material through the study of changes to limestone during the period of treatment to determine the appropriate treatment methods.

Examination and Conservation of Helal El-Beah Mosque, Dakahlia, Egypt

Helal El-Beah mosque in Egypt was built from many different materials as sandstone, bricks and marble. These building materials were in a bad condition due to many degradation factors, mainly ground water and salt weathering, so many deterioration phenomena were appeared as horizontal and vertical cracks, salts, loss of the Islamic decorations in the fa?ade and mihrab (Prayer niche), detachment of the plaster, biological colonization and featured dark of the stone surface. Prior to the conservation intervention, the building materials were characterized to identify their components. Scientific conservation treatment was carried out for the long-term conservation of the mosque. Conservation operations at the mosque included: repairing and roof insulation, wet and dry cleaning, joining of cracked parts and surface consolidating, replacement of the Portland cement plaster with lime plaster, re-cladding the lower part of the interior brick walls with sandstone tiles, replacement and completion of the stone blocks.

The Impact of Geometrical Structure of Domes on the Acoustic Performance within Mosques

Mosques are considered as one of the most significant architectures for Muslim,where they have evolved to attain the Islamic requirements.Various worship activities are done within these public architectures and these activities required various acoustical needs.The geometry of mosques and their ceiling is largely impacted on the acoustical characteristics.The domes are the most shape that utilized to construct the mosque ceiling.The geometric architecture of the domes represents one of the key factors that impact on the performance of acoustics within the mosque.Thus,this paper aims to determine the impact of geometric architecture of domes on the quality of acoustical characteristics within the mosque.The mosque of King Abullah has been selected as a case study to address this issue.Further,many mosques have been studied from the literature to determine the impact of the geometrical structure of the domes on the acoustic characteristics and speech intelligibility.Many parameters have been utilized to measure the acoustical performance like RT,clarity,dome volume,dome shape,dome height and the material utilized to cover the dome surfaces.Based on the studies within the literature and the case study within this paper,the impact of the geometrical structure of the domes has been determined,also the impact of these parameters on the sound quality within the mosque has been determined at the end of this paper.

Tranquil Niujie Mosque

BEIJING visitors or residents looking to spend down time in a tranquil setting can opt for the Niujie Mosque and its surrounds -a charming and often overlooked part of the capital. Niujie is the name of the street where the mosque is located,a name literally meaning Ox Street.The millennium mosque dates back to 996 and is the oldest and at 6,000 square meters,the largest of all the mosques in Beijing.The spacious prayer hall can easily accommodatel,000

Ancient Mosques IN the Home of Tibetan Buddhism

Although Tibetan Buddhism (also known as Lamaism) is both well known and widespread throughout Tibetan inhabited areas,it coexists there along with vernacular Bon religion and folk religion.What may be forgotten is that both Islam and Catholicism are popular in some specific locations in Tibet.

定州清真寺建筑本土化特征及其影响

通过对定州清真寺的实地调研,以定州清真寺寺内建筑及其周边环境为切入点,从建筑形制、建筑装饰、庭院布局等方面,对定州清真寺建筑本土化特征进行分析,进而探究建筑本土化对定州清真寺周边环境的影响,多维度、全方面解读中国传统建筑形制下的定州清真寺。

开封东大寺价值评析

东大寺是开封市乃至河南省现存规模最大的伊斯兰教建筑群,其格局完整、风格独特、气势宏大、设施齐备,保持了浓郁的伊斯兰教民族特征和中国传统建筑文化特色,是伊斯兰教建筑与中国传统建筑文化交流融合的范例,具有重要的文物价值,是研究伊斯兰教建筑和历史的珍贵实物资料。该文在梳理东大寺历史沿革的基础上,进行实地测绘,通过数据分析其建筑型制、结构特征和传统工艺,从历史、科学、艺术和社会教育等方面评析东大寺蕴含的价值。

Political Factors in Al-Azhar’s Foreign Relations

In the process of modernization in the Middle East countries,Islam has a profound impact on the reform of the nations’political systems.Egypt,as the most populous country in the Middle East,has been struggling to restore regional dominance.When all Egyptian regimes were actively involved in regional and international affairs,al-Azhar,as a long-established Islamic Sunni authority,has also been an influential voice on behalf of Egypt.Since the time of Muhammad Ali in the 19th century,Egyptian leaders have always viewed al-Azhar as a powerful tool for shaping and promoting the domestic and foreign policies of the government with which Egyptian leaders could gradually expand their control over the nation.It was not until the constitutional change in 2012 that al-Azhar was freed from state control and regained some degree of independence.However,as it has provided legitimacy for the government’s controversial policies for a long time,al-Azhar has come under increasing criticism and questioning.The“religious reform”proposed by President Sisi in 2015,attempting to change the right of religious discourse,has undoubtedly worsened al-Azhar.However,al-Azhar and Sisi are not completely opposites.The two sides have profound common interests in counterterrorism and social welfare.It is also with Sisi’s acquiescence and support that al-Azhar has frequently appeared on the international stage to export the Islamic values of peace and tolerance.

中国伊斯兰教宗教传承的现代性危机及其解决办法

中国伊斯兰教历史上著名的宗教传承危机发生在明嘉靖年间,这次危机表现为:以经学世家为代表的、旧的宗教传承方式与运作方式无法适应时代的需要,导致中国伊斯兰教陷入了“经文匮乏,学人寥落”的传承危机,因此称为“中国伊斯兰教传承的传统型危机”。当前,中国伊斯兰教的健康传承面临又一次危机。现代社会的分工与分化是造成这次危机的主要原因,故称之为“中国伊斯兰教传承的现代性危机”。解决现代性分化造成的危机,关键在于最大限度弥合国民教育与宗教教育的对立与分化。“分化与克服分化”,为解读20世纪以来中国伊斯兰教的历史提供了新视角。从20世纪上半叶中国穆斯林发起的各种新式教育运动,到20世纪下半叶出现体系化的中国伊斯兰教经学院教育,再到21世纪以来在个别高校尝试宗教研究生培养模式等等,都可视为弥合国民教育与宗教教育的种种尝试与努力,但上述各种方案皆未能彻底解决问题。这是因为,国民教育与宗教教育的“良好弥合”,需要现代社会发展到相当程度,通过多元融通与分化延迟才能最终解决。当国民教育与宗教教育从20世纪上半叶以来的相互分化、分流,开始走向良性对接,国民教育与宗教教育的割裂才能走向弥合,从根本上解决伴随现代性而来的宗教传承危机。这意味着,在剧烈变化的现代社会,无论是延续了数百年的传统经堂教育还是现代时期以后出现的经学院教育,都需要通过勇于变革来适应时代的变化与发展。

建筑模式语言与地域文化关联性探析——以西安化觉巷清真寺与阿城清真寺为例

清真寺作为伊斯兰教的寺庙建筑,从唐朝传入中国,受中国汉族文化的影响逐渐形成具有中国特色的清真寺建筑形式,但在中国广阔的土地上,不同地域清真寺的建筑形式亦有较大不同。文章从回族清真寺入手,以西安化觉巷清真寺与阿城清真寺为例,提出从功能语言、布局语言、结构语言、装饰语言四个方面的建筑模式语言,比较并归纳两座清真寺的同异性,探析回族清真寺在其两地区中模式语言的地域文化影响因素与关联性,突出对比两座清真寺在地域文化差异中体现的独有特征。以期为两地区清真寺建筑研究和清真寺地域化建设提供理论支持。

Improving thermal comfort in mosques of hot-humid climates through passive and lowenergy design strategies

Mosques have intermittent operational schedules with short-term occupancy during the five daily prayers.The occupancy level of the daily prayers is a fraction compared to the mandatory Friday prayers with full occupancy.Usually,the same thermal control mechanism is operated within the same large prayer hall to maintain the thermal comfort of the occupants.Yet,the comfort requirements are often not met due to the short span of operation during prayer times.Nevertheless,mosques have a very high energy usage as the same energyintensive system is operated even during minimal occupancy profiles.The current research aims at using a passive approach towards design to achieve the comfort conditions during the low occupancy daily prayer times without employing mechanical intervention.Numerical simulations are carried out on a validated model of the case study building to investigate the impact of the west-facing Qiblah wall as the congregation stands in proximity to this wall.The design alternatives are tested in conjunction with ventilation strategies to holistically assess the thermal comfort of the occupants.Results show that as much as 4-6℃reduction in indoor wall surface temperature can be achieved with a suitable Qiblah wall design,which reduces the mean radiant temperature of the occupants by 2-4℃.Combined with ventilation strategies,thermal comfort can be significantly improved by at least 40%for the prayers during the hottest times of the day,and as much as 80%for night-time prayers.Results suggest that suitable comfort conditions can be achieved without the need for air-conditioning for at least two or three of the five daily prayers.

The place of the Great Mosque of Tlemcen:the paradox between patrimonialisation and appropriation

The Great Mosque of Tlemcen is a unique case,as it is one of the few mosques dating back to the Almoravid period that is almost intact.It has evolved in a constantly changing space and now has a conjoined public square,following an occidental configuration,which is quite rare.The size of this square suggests that it could be put to use as an additional vector for the valorisation of the mosque,but the current situation is different.This added space,introduced by occidental culture,creates a dual architectural language with several other buildings that mark all the layers of evolution in the urban fabric.Apart from its religious function,this mosque used to play the role of a covered public square,a role that has eroded over time.The aim of this research is to analyse the relationship between the building and its surroundings,as well as the population’s perception of this relationship.Additionally,the research is intended to highlight changes in the perception of the Great Mosque of Tlemcen’s public square over time,depending on historical,political,and social contexts.This research relies on an approach that combines different methods,including a thorough analysis of historical,cartographic,and legislative documents.Through this approach,we were able to conduct a comparative analysis with other similar cases.Finally,field research allowed us to understand the relationship between space and society.Despite the legal recognition of the surroundings as a historical monument,this status is not widely perceived and integrated into the population’s sense of heritage space.This is reflected in private and even public actions,despite the instrumentalisation of this heritage status,with appropriations of protected space that occur outside of regulations and become part of the landscape expression of the building in its environment.

Physical features and analysis of traditional mosques:the case of Quzzat quarter of Herat Old City,Afghanistan

This study examines the physical features of traditional mosques in the Quzzat(Bardrani)quarter of Herat Old City,Afghanistan.Traditional mosques are constructed with locally available materials and are planned based on cultural and climatic conditions.Mosques are categorised as modern or traditional.Traditional mosques are divided into three subcategories:preserved,damaged(defaced),and transformed.Transformed mosques are formerly traditional mosques reconstructed with modern or industrial materials(concrete and reinforcement).This study explores the distribution of mosques and analyses their plan typology.Mosques are categorised into five plan types,and three relative case studies are described in detail to provide a better understanding and an in-depth analysis of mosque typology.

寿县清真寺建筑构造形制与营造研究

清真寺是由回族聚居而建造的建筑,中国内地清真寺多基于本土传统建筑本源而建。安徽省淮南市寿县清真寺为明清时期所建,属于中国传统建筑风格类型,是安徽省最大的清真寺建筑。该文从地域文化视角出发,对其从“选址布局、建筑形制”“营造尺度、构图规律”四个层面进行调研分析,总结寿县清真寺的构造形制并探析其营造规律。以期弥补对地方清真寺建筑研究的不足,又能够为中国传统建筑研究作部分补充。

喀什老城区的空间形态研究

伴随着城市化的进程,城市的改造和更新在全国如火如荼的进行,城市的建设最终导致了许多个城市呈现缺乏个性,城市特色也因此消失殆尽,如何保留历史城市的传统特色就成为城市建设中所要面对的至关重要的问题.喀什作为1986年第二批审批的中国历史文化名城,是新疆维吾尔自治区历史城市的典型代表,是新疆的名片,因此,本文对喀什老城区进行研究.本文从历史的角度,介绍了喀什老城的形成与演变,根据传统伊斯兰城市规划的八个特点,分析出影响喀什老城区空间形态的因素,总结出以清真寺为中心的"围寺而居"的聚居模式,并且还从宗教、住宅群、街巷走向、气候、商贸、城市安全防御及自然地理环境等方面逐一分析其对喀什老城区传统空间形态的影响,并提出对老城区的保护和改造的构想.