Effect of Liquid Temperature on Surface and Mechanical Characteristics of Al-Mg Alloy Treated with a Cavitating Waterjet

The presented study aims to reveal the effect of liquid temperature on cavitation-induced erosion of an Al-Mgalloy. An experimental work was conducted using a submerged cavitating waterjet to impact the specimen surface.For a certain cavitation number and a given standoff distance, different liquid temperatures were considered.Accordingly, a comprehensive comparison was implemented by inspecting the mass loss and surface morphologyof the tested specimens. The results show that the cumulative mass loss increases continuously with the liquidtemperature. A cavitation zone with an irregular profile becomes evident as the cavitation treatment proceeds.Increasing the temperature promotes the generation of cavitation bubbles. Large erosion pits are induced aftersevere material removal. The microhardness increases with the distance from the target surface. At a liquidtemperature of 50℃, the microhardness fluctuates apparently with increasing the depth of indentation.

Melting purification process and refining effect of 5083 Al-Mg alloy

To improve the poor stability of casting process of Al alloy with high Mg content, which leads to poor final product quality, the melting purification process and the influences of the refiner on the microstructure and defect of 5083 alloy were studied. The results show that the optimized process for the rotary impeller degassing of 5083 alloy is as follows： a rotary speed of 250-400 r/min; a gas flow of 1.2-2.0 L/s, a refining time of 10-15 min. This optimized process can reduce the gas content in the solid alloy to 2× 10^-3 mL/g or lower. Due to the addition of grain refiner, the cast microstructure of 5083 alloy is refined. The Al-5Ti-IB wire shows the best refining effect among all the refiners. The refining effect is improved with the increase of grain refiner addition amount. And the refinement effects become stable when Ti content reaches 0.1% or higher. The surface crinkling defect of the billet can be easily found in the alloy refined with Al-5Ti-IB wire compared with the alloys refined with other refiners.

Microstructure evolution and dislocation configurations in nanostructured Al-Mg alloys processed by high pressure torsion

Microstructure evolution and dislocation configurations in nanostructured Al–Mg alloys processed by high pressure torsion （HPT） were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and high-resolution TEM （HRTEM）. The results show that the grains less than 100 nm have sharp grain boundaries （GBs） and are completely free of dislocations. In contrast, a high density of dislocation as high as 1017 m^-2 exists within the grains larger than 200 nm and these larger grains are usually separated into subgrains and dislocation cells. The dislocations are 60° full dislocations with Burgers vectors of 1/2〈110〉and most of them appear as dipoles and loops. The microtwins and stacking faults （SFs） formed by the Shockley partials from the dissociation of both the 60° mixed dislocation and 0° screw dislocation in ultrafine grains were simultaneously observed by HRTEM in the HPT Al–Mg alloys. These results suggest that partial dislocation emissions, as well as the activation of partial dislocations could also become a deformation mechanism in ultrafine-grained aluminum during severe plastic deformation. The grain refinement mechanism associated with the very high local dislocation density, the dislocation cells and the non-equilibrium GBs, as well as the SFs and microtwins in the HPT Al-Mg alloys were proposed.

Deformation defects and electron irradiation effect in nanostructured Al-Mg alloy processed by severe plastic deformation

In order to explore the exact nature of deformation defects previously observed in nanostructured Al-Mg alloys subjected to severe plastic deformation, a more thorough examination of the radiation effect on the formation of the planar defects in the high pressure torsion （HPT） alloys was conducted using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）. The results show that high density defects in the HRTEM images disappear completely when these images are exposed under the electron beam for some duration of time. At the same time, lattice defects are never observed within no-defect areas even when the beam-exposure increases to the degree that holes appear in the areas. Therefore, it is confirmed that the planar defects observed in the HPT alloys mainly result from the significant plastic deformation and are not due to the radiation effect during HRTEM observation.

Effects of minor Zn content on microstructure and corrosion properties of Al-Mg alloy

The effects of different Zn contents in Al-Mg alloy on the microstructure characterizations were observed by advanced electron microscopy and the corrosion properties were investigated by the inter-granular corrosion tests,the exfoliation corrosion tests,and the Potentiodynamic polarizaion tests.The τ phase(Mg_(32)(Al,Zn)_(49)) forms on the pre-existing Mn-rich particles and at the grain boundaries.According to the theory of binding energy,the formation of τ phase is much easier than that of β phase(Al_3Mg_2),somehow replacing β phase and reducing the possibility of β phase precipitation.This change dramatically decreases the susceptibility of corrosion.The Zn addition increases the corrosion resistance of Al-Mg alloy with an optimal value of 0.31%.When the Zn addition is increased to 0.78%,however,the corrosion resistance of alloy decreases once again but it is still better than that of the alloy without Zn addition.

Microstructure, mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of an Al-Mg alloy processed by the cyclical continuous expanded extrusion and drawing approach

Al-Mg alloys are an important class of non-heat treatable alloys in which Mg solute and grain size play essential role in their mechanical properties and plastic deformation behaviors.In this work,a cyclical continuous expanded extrusion and drawing(CCEED)process was proposed and implemented on an Al-3Mg alloy to introduce large plastic deformation.The results showed that the continuous expanded extrusion mainly improved the ductility,while the cold drawing enhanced the strength of the alloy.With the increased processing CCEED passes,the multi-pass cross shear deformation mechanism progressively improved the homogeneity of the hardness distributions and refined grain size.Continuous dynamic recrystallization played an important role in the grain refinement of the processed Al-3Mg alloy rods.Besides,the microstructural evolution was basically influenced by the special thermomechanical deformation conditions during the CCEED process.

MEASUREMENT OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF LIQUID Al-Mg ALLOYS

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Twinnability of Al-Mg alloys:A first-principles interpretation

Al-Mg alloys are considered to have potentials to form twins during deformation because Mg can reduce the intrinsicstacking fault energy?ISFE of Al.Nevertheless,twinning has rarely been found in Al-Mg alloys even subjected to various severeplastic deformation(SPD)techniques.In order to probe the twinning propensity of Al-Mg alloys,first-principles calculations werecarried out to investigate the effects of Mg and vacancies on the generalized planar fault energy(GPFE)of Al.It is found that bothMg and vacancies exhibit a Suzuki segregation feature to the stacking fault,and have the influence of decreasing the?ISFE of Al.However,?ISFE does not decrease and the twinnability parameterτa of Al does not increase monotonically with increasing Mgconcentration in the alloy.On the basis ofτa evaluated from the calculated GPFE of Al-Mg alloys,we conclude that deformationtwinning is difficult for Al-Mg alloys even with a high content of Mg.Besides,the decrease of?ISFE caused by the introduction ofMg and vacancies is supposed to have the effect of improving the work-hardening rate and facilitating the formation of bandstructures in Al-Mg alloys subjected to SPD.

THE EFFECT OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS ON THE SOLIDIFICATION BEHAVIOR OF Al-Mg ALLOYS

The effect of rare earth element on the solidification behavior of Al-Mg alloy was investigated in a directional solidification apparatus.It was found that during the solidification process.the rare earth element segregated in the liquid at sold-liquid interface,changed the solidification morphology and reduced the secondary arm spacing markedly.

Hydrogen inhibition effect of chitosan and sodium phosphate on ZK60 waste dust in a wet dust removal system:A feasible way to control hydrogen explosion

Wet dust removal systems used to control dust in the polishing or grinding process of Mg alloy products are frequently associated with potential hydrogen explosion caused by magnesium-water reaction.For purpose of avoiding hydrogen explosion risks,we try to use a combination of chitosan(CS)and sodium phosphate(SP)to inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction between magnesium alloy waste dust and water.The hydrogen evolution curves and chemical kinetics modeling for ten different mixing ratios demonstrate that 0.4wt%CS+0.1wt%SP yields the best inhibition efficiency with hydrogen generation rate of almost zero.SEM and EDS analyses indicate that this composite inhibitor can create a uniform,smooth,tight protective film over the surface of the alloy dust particles.FTIR and XRD analysis of the chemical composition of the surface film show that this protective film contains CS and SP chemically adsorbed on the surface of ZK60 but no detectable Mg(OH)_(2),suggesting that magnesium-water reaction was totally blocked.Our new method offers a thorough solution to hydrogen explosion by inhibiting the hydrogen generation of magnesium alloy waste dust in a wet dust removal system.

Effect of void size and Mg contents on plastic deformation behaviors of Al-Mg alloy with pre-existing void:Molecular dynamics study

The plastic deformation properties of cylindrical pre-void aluminum-magnesium(Al-Mg)alloy under uniaxial tension are explored using molecular dynamics simulations with embedded atom method(EAM)potential.The factors of Mg content,void size,and temperature are considered.The results show that the void fraction decreases with increasing Mg in the plastic deformation,and it is almost independent of Mg content when Mg is beyond 5%.Both Mg contents and stacking faults around the void affect the void growth.These phenomena are explained by the dislocation density of the sample and stacking faults distribution around the void.The variation trends of yield stress caused by void size are in good agreement with the Lubarda model.Moreover,temperature effects are explored,the yield stress and Young’s modulus obviously decrease with temperature.Our results may enrich and facilitate the understanding of the plastic mechanism of Al-Mg with defects or other alloys.

Superplasticity of Spray Deposited 5083 Al-Mg Alloy

The superplasticity of spray deposited and thermomechanical processed 5083Al-Mg alloy is investigated in this paper. The results show that spray deposited 5083 Al exhibits anequiaxed grain morphology with an average size of 15 m and porosity in the range of 0.1 vol. % to 5vol. % . Two distinct TMP procedures are employed to close porosity and refine grain size:extrusion plus rolling and direct rolling. The material processed using the former method exhibits arelatively high superplasticity with a maximum superplastic elongation of 465 % , whereas thatprocessed using the latter method exhibits a maximum superplastic elongation of 295 % . Materialsprocessed using extrusion plus rolling and direct rolling both exhibit similar stress-strainbehavior and strain rate sensitivity factors. The strain rate factors are in the 0.3 to 0.5 range.The difference in their superplastic elongation is possibly the result of differences in grain sizeand available cavity nucleation sites provided by closed gas pores.

Strengths and Fracture Mechanisms of Al_2O_3 Short Fiber Reinforced Al-Mg Alloy Matrix Composite at Elevated Temperatures

Using the experimental and theoretical methods, the tensile strengths and fracture mechanisms of AI2O3 short fiber reinforced AI-Mg alloy matrix composite at elevated temperatures were researched. The interfacial microstructural characteristics and the fracture surfaces of the composite at different temperatures were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and by scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Then, from the results of microscopic observation, the fracture mechanisms of the composite at different temperatures are discussed. Finally, the tensile strengths of the composite at elevated temperatures were predicted by statistical integration average (SIA) method with the consideration of various fracture mechanisms. It was shown that the strengths and fracture mechanisms of the composite at elevated temperature (300℃) were significantly different from those at room temperature due to the variations of interfacial bonding states. The tensile strengths predicted by the SIA method at elevated temperatures agreed well with the experimental results.

Effects of Mg content on pore structure and electrochemical corrosion behaviors of porous Al-Mg alloys

Porous Al-Mg alloys with different nominal compositions were successfully fabricated via elemental powder reactive synthesis, and the phase composition, pore structure, and corrosion resistance were characterized with X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and electrochemical analyzer. The volume expansion ratio, open porosity and corrosion resistance in 3.5%(mass fraction) Na Cl aqueous solution of the alloys increase at first and then decrease with the increase of Mg content. The maxima of volume expansion ratio and open porosity are 18.3% and 28.1% for the porous Al-56%Mg(mass fraction) alloy, while there is the best corrosion resistance for the porous Al-37.5% Mg(mass fraction) alloy. The pore formation mechanism can be explained by Kirkendall effect, and the corrosion resistance can be mainly affected by the phase composition for the porous Al-Mg alloys. They would be of the potential application for filtration in the chloride environment.

Microstructure and crystal growth direction of Al-Mg alloy

The microstructures and crystal growth directions of permanent mould casting and directionally solidified Al-Mg al oys with different Mg contents have been investigated. The results indicate that the effect of Mg content on microstructure is basical y same for the al oys prepared by these two methods. The primary grains change from cel ular crystals to developed columnar dendrites, and then to equiaxed dendrites as the Mg content is increased. Simultaneously, both the cel ular or columnar grain region and the primary trunk spacing decrease. Al of these changes are mainly attributed to the constitutional supercooling resulting from Mg element. Comparatively, the cellular or columnar crystals of the directionally solidified alloys are straighter and more paral el than those of the permanent mould casting al oys. These have straight or wavy grain boundaries, one of the most important microstructure characteristics of feathery grains. However, the transverse microstructure and growth direction reveal that they do not belong to feathery grains. The Mg seemingly can affect the crystal growth direction, but does not result in the formation of feathery grains under the conditions employed in the study.

Hot deformation behavior of homogenized Al-3.2Mg-0.4Er aluminum alloy

The hot deformation behavior of the homogenized Al?3.2Mg?0.4Er aluminum alloy was investigated at 573?723 K under strain rates of 0.001?1 s?1. On the basis of compression experimental results, an accurate phenomenological constitutive equation that coupled the effects of strain rate, deformation temperature and strain was modeled. Furthermore, a kinetic model of dynamic recrystallization and processing map were also presented. The results show that the flow stress of the studied Al?3.2Mg?0.4Er alloy can be predicted accurately using the proposed constitutive model. The evolution of microstructure and the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization can be described exactly in terms of S-curves with the proposed kinetic model. Moreover, the processing maps for hot working at different strains were constructed, suggesting the optimum processing conditions for this alloy are 573 K, 0.001 s?1 and 723 K, 0.001?0.1 s?1.

抛光镁铝合金粉尘爆炸风险评估

为推进镁铝合金加工企业粉尘爆炸风险分级管控体系建设,有效预防粉尘爆炸事故发生,提出抛光镁铝合金粉尘爆炸风险评估模型。首先,从粉尘爆炸特性参数角度评估抛光镁铝合金粉尘爆炸危险性等级;然后,从人、机、管、环四方面建立镁铝合金抛光作业场所爆炸风险评估指标体系,采用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)和指标相关性权重确定法(Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)进行组合赋权,确定各二级指标权重,建立优劣解距离法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)评估模型,得出作业场所爆炸风险等级;最后,运用风险矩阵评估其综合风险。使用上述模型评估某企业抛光车间的粉尘爆炸风险,结果表明:抛光镁铝合金粉尘爆炸危险性为Ⅲ级,危险性较大;作业场所爆炸风险等级为Ⅲ级;故而得到抛光镁铝合金粉尘爆炸风险等级为C级,属于中度风险。爆炸危险性等级依据粉尘爆炸特性试验结果判定,作业场所爆炸风险评估结果与粉尘爆炸领域专家评估结果一致,证明该粉尘爆炸风险评估体系和评估模型具有准确性。

多晶硅硬密封球阀的最新设计特点

随着多晶硅生产工艺改进实现提纯度高的分析与管线使用验证,总结多晶硅硬密封球阀的性能特点。与常规硬密封球阀相比,多晶硅硬密封球阀应具有防尘、高硬度、防腐的特点。密封面应采用结合强度高、敷熔后密封层硬度高且耐磨的材料。密封面应具有自清洁与自研磨性能,球体需有引流性能,可减轻阀门启闭力扭矩,并且可以预防阀腔硅粉堆积导致阀门卡死,阀体与阀座都需要设计有效的防尘功能来确保阀座运动有效性等。

Effects of Sc, Zr and Tion the microstructure and properties of Al alloys with high Mg content

The effects of trace Sc, Zr, and Ti on the microstructure and hardness of A1 alloys with high Mg content （Al-6Mg, Al-8Mg, and Al-10Mg） were studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and Brinell hardness. The grain size of the as-cast alloys was refined by the addition of Sc and Zr, and it was further refined by the addition of Ti. With the same contents of Sc, Zr, and Ti, an increase in Mg content was beneficial to the refinement due to the solution of Mg into α-Al. The refined microstructures of the as-cast alloys were favorable for Brinell hardness. Addition of Sc, Zr, and Ti to the Al-10Mg alloy results in the improvement of peak hardness and it is about 45% higher than that of the Al-10Mg alloy, which is due to fine precipitations of Al3（SC1-xZrx）, Al3（Sc1-xTix）, and Al3（Sc1-x-yZrxTiy）.

Effects of Mg content on microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC_p/Al-Mg composites fabricated by semi-solid stirring technique

10%(volume fraction) SiCp/Al-Mg composites with different Mg contents were successfully fabricated by semi-solid mechanical stirring technique under optimum processing conditions.Effects of Mg content on microstructure and mechanical properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results indicate that SiC particles disperse homogeneously in Al-Mg matrix and interfacial reaction between Al matrix and SiC particles is effectively controlled.Distribution of SiCp reinforcement and interfacial bonding are improved by adding Mg.Additionally,the mechanical properties of composites are remarkably improved with the Mg content increasing.