Si含量对Al-Si-Cu-Ni-Mg合金组织和性能的影响

采用搅拌铸造工艺制备不同Si含量合金,旨在揭示Si含量对Al-Si-Cu-Ni-Mg合金微观组织、力学性能和耐磨性的影响。结果表明,随着Si含量升高,合金中共晶Si长径比和平均长度先升高后降低,Si含量为16wt.%合金的长径比和平均长度最大,分别为8.8μm、24.1μm。经过520℃/6 h固溶+180℃/5 h时效处理后,共晶Si形貌由纤维状变为球状,初晶Si棱角钝化。合金中共晶Si长径比和平均长度均有明显降低,保持与铸态合金相同的变化趋势;Si含量为16wt.%合金的长径比和平均长度分别为3.5μm、12.4μm,初晶Si尺寸没有明显变化。随着Si含量的升高,铸态合金拉伸性能逐渐降低,宏观硬度逐渐上升。经过T6热处理后,合金的拉伸性能和宏观硬度有了明显提升,保持与铸态合金相同的变化趋势,随着Si含量的升高,合金磨损失重减少,耐磨性得到改善。Si含量为16wt.%的合金磨损失重最少,耐磨性最好;继续增加Si含量时,合金耐磨性降低。

Al-Si镀层22MnB5激光焊的熔池流动特性及元素分布

熔池流动行为对镀层元素在焊缝中的分布起决定性作用.采用建立激光焊熔池三维瞬态数值模型的方法,分析AlSi镀层22MnB5高强度钢激光焊的熔池流动行为及其对焊缝中Al元素分布的影响规律.在焊接试验中,根据能谱仪对焊接接头的扫描数据验证数值模型的可靠性.结合模拟结果与试验结果对激光焊熔池流动行为及焊缝Al元素分布规律进行研究.结果表明,根据激光焊热输入与功率密度阈值的不同,熔池形貌呈现无匙孔、未完全贯穿匙孔和完全贯穿匙孔3种特征,并存有不同的温度场、流场、流速和稳定性.无匙孔熔池由于流速分布均匀,涡流产生较少,稳定性最好.镀层Al元素在焊接接头上下焊趾区域易产生偏聚,较之上表面镀层,下表面镀层进入熔池后Al元素偏聚现象更明显.因此,上部Al元素均质化分布显著优于下部.

Mn元素对Al-Si合金富铁相析出影响的热力学计算

本研究选取不同Mn元素含量的Al-7 wt%Si-0.2 wt%Fe铝液为研究对象,利用热力学软件定量计算了Mn元素添加量对铝液Scheil-Gulliver冷却凝固过程的析出相。结果表明:不同Mn元素含量的铝液冷却过程中相转变顺序有所不同,添加一定量的Mn元素可利于铝液凝固过程中析出Al3MnSi2相;添加Mn元素并不会大幅减少完全凝固后β-AlFeSi相的质量比,且不同Mn元素含量的铝合金中β-AlFeSi相质量比相差不超过1%,说明难以通过添加Mn元素来减少铝液完全凝固后的β-AlFeSi相质量比;铝液凝固末期,β-AlFeSi与Al3MnSi2发生共晶反应,Al3MnSi2对β-AlFeSi的形貌可能具有改性作用,是β-AlFeSi与Al3MnSi2的共晶相呈现出不规则形状的主要原因。

Effects of iron oxide on crystallization behavior and spatial distribution of spinel in stainless steel slag

Chromium plays a vital role in stainless steel due to its ability to improve the corrosion resistance of the latter.However,the re-lease of chromium from stainless steel slag(SSS)during SSS stockpiling causes detrimental environmental issues.To prevent chromium pollution,the effects of iron oxide on crystallization behavior and spatial distribution of spinel were investigated in this work.The results revealed that FeO was more conducive to the growth of spinels compared with Fe2O3 and Fe3O4.Spinels were found to be mainly distrib-uted at the top and bottom of slag.The amount of spinel phase at the bottom decreased with the increasing FeO content,while that at the top increased.The average particle size of spinel in the slag with 18wt%FeO content was 12.8μm.Meanwhile,no notable structural changes were observed with a further increase in FeO content.In other words,the spatial distribution of spinel changed when the content of iron oxide varied in the range of 8wt%to 18wt%.Finally,less spinel was found at the bottom of slag with a FeO content of 23wt%.

Microwave-assisted exploration of the electron configuration-dependent electrocatalytic urea oxidation activity of 2D porous NiCo_(2)O_(4) spinel

Urea holds promise as an alternative water-oxidation substrate in electrolytic cells.High-valence nickelbased spinel,especially after heteroatom doping,excels in urea oxidation reactions(UOR).However,traditional spinel synthesis methods with prolonged high-temperature reactions lack kinetic precision,hindering the balance between controlled doping and highly active two-dimensional(2D)porous structures design.This significantly impedes the identification of electron configuration-dependent active sites in doped 2D nickel-based spinels.Herein,we present a microwave shock method for the preparation of 2D porous NiCo_(2)O_(4)spinel.Utilizing the transient on-off property of microwave pulses for precise heteroatom doping and 2D porous structural design,non-metal doping(boron,phosphorus,and sulfur)with distinct extranuclear electron disparities serves as straightforward examples for investigation.Precise tuning of lattice parameter reveals the impact of covalent bond strength on NiCo_(2)O_(4)structural stability.The introduced defect levels induce unpaired d-electrons in transition metals,enhancing the adsorption of electron-donating amino groups in urea molecules.Simultaneously,Bode plots confirm the impact mechanism of rapid electron migration caused by reduced band gaps on UOR activity.The prepared phosphorus-doped 2D porous NiCo_(2)O_(4),with optimal electron configuration control,outperforms most reported spinels.This controlled modification strategy advances understanding theoretical structure-activity mechanisms of high-performance 2D spinels in UOR.

Unveiling the geometric site dependent activity of spinel Co_(3)O_(4)for electrocatalytic chlorine evolution reaction

Spinel cobalt oxide(Co_(3)O_(4)),consisting of tetrahedral Co^(2+)(CoTd)and octahedral Co^(3+)(CoOh),is considered as promising earth-abundant electrocatalyst for chlorine evolution reaction(CER).Identifying the catalytic contribution of geometric Co site in the electrocatalytic CER plays a pivotal role to precisely modulate electronic configuration of active Co sites to boost CER.Herein,combining density functional theory calculations and experiment results assisted with operando analysis,we found that the Co_(Oh) site acts as the main active site for CER in spinel Co_(3)O_(4),which shows better Cl^(-)adsorption and more moderate intermediate adsorption toward CER than CoTd site,and does not undergo redox transition under CER condition at applied potentials.Guided by above findings,the oxygen vacancies were further introduced into the Co_(3)O_(4) to precisely manipulate the electronic configuration of Co_(Oh) to boost Cl^(-)adsorption and optimize the reaction path of CER and thus to enhance the intrinsic CER activity significantly.Our work figures out the importance of geometric configuration dependent CER activity,shedding light on the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts from geometric configuration optimization at the atomic level.

Effect of slow shot speed on externally solidified crystal,porosity and tensile property in a newly developed high-pressure die-cast Al-Si alloy

The effect of slow shot speed on externally solidified crystal(ESC),porosity and tensile property in a newly developed high-pressure die-cast Al-Si alloy was investigated by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and laboratory computed tomography(CT).Results showed that the newly developed AlSi9MnMoV alloy exhibited improved mechanical properties when compared to the AlSi10MnMg alloy.The AlSi9MnMoV alloy,which was designed with trace multicomponent additions,displays a notable grain refining effect in comparison to the AlSi10MnMg alloy.Refining elements Ti,Zr,V,Nb,B promote heterogeneous nucleation and reduce the grain size of primaryα-Al.At a lower slow shot speed,the large ESCs are easier to form and gather,developing into the dendrite net and net-shrinkage.With an increase in slow shot speed,the size and number of ESCs and porosities significantly reduce.In addition,the distribution of ESCs is more dispersed and the net-shrinkage disappears.The tensile property is greatly improved by adopting a higher slow shot speed.The ultimate tensile strength is enhanced from 260.31 MPa to 290.31 MPa(increased by 11.52%),and the elongation is enhanced from 3.72%to 6.34%(increased by 70.52%).

Al-Si合金大型薄壁铸件抗变形工艺研究

使用Novacast软件模拟了铸件充型和凝固过程,采用3DP砂型打印机生产砂芯,在差压设备炉中进行熔炼浇注。由于舱体内部无凸台及环筋,在铸造及热处理过程中容易发生热变形,针对该问题修改工艺方案,在舱体外表面增加防变形环,防止铸件整体发生扭曲,对铸件增加防变形环状态进行模拟仿真,确保铸件内部质量符合要求,增加防变形工装后,内腔尺寸变形量控制在±0.5 mm,铸件尺寸得到保证,解决了该大型薄壁铝硅合金铸件铸造及热处理变形问题。

新型薄Al-Si镀层热成形高强钢的性能研究

为了突破传统Al-Si镀层热成形钢的专利限制,开发一种新型薄Al-Si镀层热成形钢,通过严格限定镀层厚度上下限来保证钢板的各项性能。采用拉力实验机验证新材料热成形前、后机械性能;采用金相显微镜验证热成形前、后的组织演变和镀层演变;采用盐雾试验来验证热冲压后的钢板耐腐蚀性能;采用现有生产线所使用的焊装胶来验证钢板的粘胶匹配性能;采用现生产涂装工艺来验证钢板的前处理兼容性和电泳漆性能。各项验证结果显示新型薄Al-Si镀层热成形钢满足机械性能、防氧化、耐腐蚀要求,同时与常规的焊装工艺和涂装工艺具备良好的兼容性。

液锻压力对亚共晶Al-Si合金吊架的组织与性能影响

研究了液态模锻工艺下,亚共晶Al-Si合金吊架在不同液锻压力下的成形质量、力学性能及不同位置处的微观组织。结果表明,随着压力的增加,铸件的成形质量逐渐提高,液锻压力为128 MPa时,抗拉强度为250.7 MPa,断后伸长率为9.7%,力学性能最好,较0 MPa下的抗拉强化及断后伸长率分别增加了14.5%和547%,之后再增加压力,对吊架的力学性能无明显强化效果。此外,随着压力的增加,晶粒得到细化,Si相逐渐球化,且高压力下团聚现象明显,二次枝晶臂间距(SDAS)先减小后基本保持不变,在154 MPa时取得最小值16.3μm,SDAS仅为0 MPa时的54.2%,比50 MPa液锻压力下SDAS减少24.5%,共晶团尺寸则是先减小再增大,共晶团尺寸为308μm时对基体产生割裂作用,从而影响力学性能。

电子封装用Al-Si功能梯度材料的显微组织和性能

通过喷雾沉积法制备用于电子封装的双层和三层Al-Si功能梯度材料。结果表明,梯度材料具有致密的显微组织和良好的层间结合。三层梯度材料的抗弯强度高于双层梯度材料,以高Si含量层为承载面的H-L方向的抗弯强度高于以低Si含量层为承载面的L-H方向。所有梯度材料的导热系数均超过140W/(m·K),且其热膨胀系数没有明显的差异。经热冲击处理后,双层梯度材料出现的裂纹比三层梯度材料更多更大,这是由于界面上的高热应力和大尺寸Si颗粒因应力集中而趋于破裂。

Enabling structural and interfacial stability of 5 V spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode by a coherent interface

Spinel LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO),a 5 V class high voltage cathode,has been regarded as an attractive candidate to further improve the energy density of lithium-ion battery.The issue simultaneously enabling side stability and maintaining high interfacial kinetics,however,has not yet been resolved.Herein,we design a coherent Li_(1.3)A_(l0.3)Ti_(1.7)(PO)_(4)(LATP)layer that is crystally connected to the spinel LNMO host lattices,which offers fast lithium ions transportation as well as enhances the mechanical stability that prevents the particle fracture.Furthermore,the inactive Li_(3)BO_(3)(LBO)coating layer inhibits the corrosion of transition metals and continuous side reactions.Consequently,the coherent-engineered LNMO-LATPLBO cathode material exhibits superior electrochemical cycling stability in a window of 3.0–5.0 V,for example a high-capacity retention that is 89.7%after 500 cycles at 200 m A g-1obtained and enhanced rate performance(85.1 m A h g^(-1)at 800 m A g^(-1))when tested with a LiPF6-based carbonate electrolyte.Our work presents a new approach of engineering 5 V class spinel oxide cathode that combines interfacial coherent crystal lattice design and surface coating.

拉伸变形Al-Si合金中Si颗粒相对于晶粒旋转的原位证据

为确定Si颗粒在拉伸变形过程中是否相对于基体晶粒发生旋转,采用原位拉伸扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和离位背散射电子衍射(EBSD)相结合的方法,研究Al-Si合金在拉伸变形过程中Si颗粒旋转与晶粒旋转之间的关系。通过对比晶粒的EBSD三维取向的平面投影信息与Si颗粒的原位SEM信息,发现Si颗粒在样品表面的平面上具有明显的相对旋转。此外,根据EBSD数据的中心点平均取向差(KAM)分析,发现Si颗粒的较大相对旋转会引入更高密度的几何必需位错(GND),这会在颗粒附近的基体中产生较强的加工硬化效应。总之,Si颗粒的相对旋转度越大,加工硬化效果越强。

Effects of ZnO,FeO and Fe_(2)O_(3)on the spinel formation,microstructure and physicochemical properties of augite-based glass ceramics

Augite-based glass ceramics were synthesised using ZnO,FeO,and Fe_(2)O_(3)as additives,and the spinel formation,matrix structure,crystallisation thermodynamics,and physicochemical properties were investigated.The results showed that oxides resulted in numerous preliminary spinels in the glass matrix.FeO,ZnO,and Fe_(2)O_(3)influenced the formation of spinel,while FeO simplified the glass network.FeO and ZnO promoted bulk crystallisation of the parent glass.After adding oxides,the grains of augite phase were refined,and the relative quantities of augite crystal planes were also influenced.All samples displayed good mechanical properties and chemical stability.The 2wt%ZnO-doping sample displayed the maximum flexural strength(170.3 MPa).Chromium leaching amount values of all the samples were less than the national standard(1.5 mg/L),confirming the safety of the materials.In conclusion,an appropriate amount of zinc-containing raw material is beneficial for the preparation of augite-based glass ceramics.

Al-Si镀层热成形钢热填丝激光焊接接头的性能研究

利用热填丝激光焊接技术实现Al-Si镀层热成形钢的焊接,在模具内热成形、淬火,对焊接接头的显微组织、Al元素分布和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,基材的显微组织为马氏体组织,而熔核区的显微组织为马氏体、铁素体和贝氏体的混合组织;熔入到焊缝中的铝元素分布均匀,无局部聚集,平均含量约为0.87%;熔核区、基材的硬度分别为475、501 HV;焊接接头和两侧基材的强度基本相同,但断后伸长率存在一定差异,主要是由于焊缝和基材二者在拉伸过程中变形的不均匀所致。

试验环境对Al-Si系压铸合金腐蚀形态及力学性能的影响研究

采用中性盐雾和循环腐蚀2种试验方法,对比不同试验环境对A380、YL113、YL104压铸铝合金的腐蚀形貌、典型腐蚀深度、腐蚀产物及力学性能影响,探究腐蚀产物构成及其腐蚀机理。经504 h中性盐雾和60天循环腐蚀试验后,结果表明,3种压铸铝合金中A380合金的耐蚀性最差,2种试验环境下其抗拉强度分别较试验前降低了31%和38%;YL113合金性能降幅次之,2种试验环境下其抗拉强度分别较试验前降低13%和25%;YL104合金性能降幅最小,2种试验环境下其抗拉强度分别较试验前降低3.6%和1%。3种压铸铝合金发生腐蚀根因在于:基体内各相间电位差及试样表面的潮湿环境构成了电化学腐蚀,导致腐蚀发生。

Effects of magnesium and copper additions on tensile properties of Al-Si-Cr die casting alloy under as-cast and T5 conditions

Aluminum high pressure die casting(HPDC)technology has evolved in the past decades,enabling stronger and larger one-piece casting with significant part consolidation.It also offers a higher design freedom for more mass-efficient thin-walled body structures.For body structures that require excellent ductility and fracture toughness to be joined with steel sheet via self-piercing riveting(for instance,shock towers and hinge pillars,etc.),a costly T7 heat treatment comprising a solution heat treatment at elevated temperatures(450℃-500℃)followed by an over-ageing heat treatment is needed to optimize microstructure for meeting product requirement.To enable cost-efficient mass production of HPDC body structures,it is important to eliminate the expensive T7 heat treatment without sacrificing mechanical properties.Optimizing die cast alloy chemistry is a potential solution to improve fracture toughness and ductility of the HPDC components.The present study intends to tailor the Mg and Cu additions for a new Al-Si-Cr type die casting alloy(registered as A379 with The Aluminum Association,USA)to achieve the desired tensile properties without using T7 heat treatment.It was found that Cu addition should be avoided,as it is not effective in enhancing strength while degrades tensile ductility.Mg addition is very effective in improving strength and has minor impact on tensile ductility.The investigated Al-Si-Cr alloy with a nominal composition of Al-8.5wt.%Si-0.3wt.%Cr-0.2wt.%Fe shows comparable tensile properties with the T7 treated AlSi10MnMg alloy which is currently used for manufacturing shock towers and hinge pillars.

Effect of Al-Si Alloy Addition on Properties of Fused Spinel Carbon Materials

Fused magnesium aluminate spinel carbon materials were prepared using fused magnesium aluminate spinel and flake graphite as the main raw materials and phenolic resin as the binder.The effects of the Al-Si alloy addition(0,2%,4%,6%,8%and 10%,by mass)on the properties of fused magnesium aluminate spinel carbon materials were studied.The results show that fiber materials are generated in the samples with Al-Si alloy addition,which can significantly improve the cold and hot modulus of rupture,the cold elastic modulus,and the thermal shock resistance of the samples.When the addition of Al-Si alloy is 6%-8%,the comprehensive performance of the sample is the optimum.

Development of bimetallic spinel catalysts for low-temperature decomposition of ammonium dinitramide monopropellants

Ammonium dinitramide(ADN)based liquid monopropellants have been identified as environmentally benign substitutes for hydrazine monopropellant.However,new catalysts are to be developed for making ADN monopropellants cold-start capable.In the present study,performance of Co and Ba doped CuCr_2O_4 nanocatalysts prepared by hydrothermal method was evaluated on the decomposition of aqueous ADN solution and ADN liquid monopropellant(LMP103X).The catalysts were characterized by PXRD(Powder X-ray Diffraction),FTIR(Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy),SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy),TEM(Transmission Electron Microscopy),EDS(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy),and XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy).The nanosize was confirmed by SEM and TEM,while the nanoflake morphology was confirmed by the SEM analysis.Further,we obtained the elemental composition from the EDS analysis.We investigated the catalytic activity of the catalysts by thermogravimetric(TG)analysis and the developed catalysts lowered the decomposition temperature of ADN monopropellant by about 55℃.The XPS analysis confirmed the presence of metal ions with different chemical states.Apparently,increase in the surface area of the catalysts and the mixed active sites as well as the development of oxygen vacancy on the catalyst surface introduced by metal doping are influencing the decomposition temperature of ADN samples.

Effects of Al and Co doping on the structural stability and high temperature cycling performance of LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4) spinel cathode materials

The poor structural stability and capacity retention of the high-voltage spinel-type LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO)limits their further application.Herein,Al and Co were doped in LNMO materials for a more stable structure and capacity.The LNMO,LiNi_(0.45)Al_(0.05)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNAMO)and LiNi_(0.45)Co_(0.05)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNCMO)were synthesized by calcination at 900℃ for 8 h,which was called as solid-phase method and applied universally in industry.XRD,FT-IR and CV test results showed the synthesized samples have cation disordering Fd-3m space group structures.Moreover,the incorporation of Al and Co increased the cation disordering of LNMO,thereby increasing the transfer rate of Li+.The SEM results showed that the doped samples performed more regular and ortho-octahedral.The EDS elemental analysis confirmed the uniform distribution of each metal element in the samples.Moreover,the doped samples showed better electrochemical properties than undoped LNMO.The LNAMO and LNCMO samples were discharged with specific capacities of 116.3 mA·h·g^(-1)and 122.8 mA·h·g^(-1)at 1 C charge/discharge rate with good capacity retention of 95.8% and 94.8% after 200 cycles at room temperature,respectively.The capacity fading phenomenon of the doped samples at 50℃ and 1 C rate was significantly improved.Further,cations doping also enhanced the rate performance,especially for the LNCMO,the discharge specific capacity of 117.9 mA·h·g^(-1)can be obtained at a rate of 5 C.