Bismuth Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Antifriction Al-Sn Alloys

Al-Sn alloys were produced by the induction melting method with different Bi additions. Microstructure shows grains 130 μm average size. Fracture toughness and hardness tests have shown that ternary alloying elements present significantly affected the samples with Bi alloying. Plastic deformation was evaluated by using the forging test;the results have shown that the addition of 3.5 at.% Bi increased the value at least twice as compared with unalloyed sample. Wear test indicated that bismuth slightly affected the tribological behavior. It was found that a concentration of 3.0 at.% Bi, considerably enhances the alloys performance.

New Trends in Corrosion Analysis of Al-Sn Alloy Duplex System

The corrosion characterization of binary Al – Sn alloy systems has been statistically analyzed in the light of developed model equations. It was observed that the modeled corrosion penetration rate values generated using the developed model equations are in tandem with the experimental values.

Preparation of FeCoNi medium entropy alloy from Fe^(3+)-Co^(2+)-Ni^(2+)solution system

In recent years,medium entropy alloys have become a research hotspot due to their excellent physical and chemical performances.By controlling reasonable elemental composition and processing parameters,the medium entropy alloys can exhibit similar properties to high entropy alloys and have lower costs.In this paper,a FeCoNi medium entropy alloy precursor was prepared via sol-gel and coprecipitation methods,respectively,and FeCoNi medium entropy alloys were prepared by carbothermal and hydrogen reduction.The phases and magnetic properties of FeCoNi medium entropy alloy were investigated.Results showed that FeCoNi medium entropy alloy was produced by carbothermal and hydrogen reduction at 1500℃.Some carbon was detected in the FeCoNi medium entropy alloy prepared by carbothermal reduction.The alloy prepared by hydrogen reduction was uniform and showed a relatively high purity.Moreover,the hydrogen reduction product exhibited better saturation magnetization and lower coercivity.

Influence of introducing Zr,Ti,Nb and Ce elements on externally solidified crystals and mechanical properties of high-pressure die-casting Al–Si alloy

High pressure die casting(HPDC)AlSi10Mn Mg alloy castings are widely used in the automobile industry.Mg can optimize the mechanical properties of castings through heat treatment,while the release of thermal stress arouses the deformation of large integrated die-castings.Herein,the development of non-heat treatment Al alloys is becoming the hot topic.In addition,HPDC contains externally solidified crystals(ESCs),which are detrimental to the mechanical properties of castings.To achieve high strength and toughness of non-heat treatment die-casting Al-Si alloy,we used AlSi9Mn alloy as matrix with the introduction of Zr,Ti,Nb,and Ce.Their influences on ESCs and mechanical properties were systematically investigated through three-dimensional reconstruction and thermodynamic simulation.Our results reveal that the addition of Ti increased ESCs'size and porosity,while the introduction of Nb refined ESCs and decreased porosity.Meanwhile,large-sized Al_3(Zr,Ti)phases formed and degraded the mechanical properties.Subsequent introduction of Ce resulted in the poisoning effect and reduced mechanical properties.

Effects of the extrusion parameters on microstructure,texture and room temperature mechanical properties of extruded Mg-2.49Nd-1.82Gd-0.2Zn-0.2Zr alloy

Microstructure,texture,and mechanical properties of the extruded Mg-2.49Nd-1.82Gd-0.2Zn-0.2Zr alloy were investigated at different extrusion temperatures(260 and 320℃),extrusion ratios(10:1,15:1,and 30:1),and extrusion speeds(3 and 6 mm/s).The experimental results exhibited that the grain sizes after extrusion were much finer than that of the homogenized alloy,and the second phase showed streamline distribution along the extrusion direction(ED).With extrusion temperature increased from 260 to 320℃,the microstructure,texture,and mechanical properties of alloys changed slightly.The dynamic recrystallization(DRX)degree and grain sizes enhanced as the extrusion ratio increased from 10:1 to 30:1,and the strength gradually decreased but elongation(EL)increased.With the extrusion speed increased from 3 to 6 mm/s,the grain sizes and DRX degree increased significantly,and the samples presented the typical<2111>-<1123>rare-earth(RE)textures.The alloy extruded at 260℃ with extrusion ratio of 10:1 and extrusion speed of 3 mm/s showed the tensile yield strength(TYS)of 213 MPa and EL of 30.6%.After quantitatively analyzing the contribution of strengthening mechanisms,it was found that the grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening played major roles among strengthening contributions.These results provide some guidelines for enlarging the industrial application of extruded Mg-RE alloy.

Study on the hydrogen absorption properties of a YGdTbDyHo rare-earth high-entropy alloy

This study investigated the microstructure and hydrogen absorption properties of a rare-earth high-entropy alloy(HEA),YGdTbDyHo.Results indicated that the YGdTbDyHo alloy had a microstructure of equiaxed grains,with the alloy elements distributed homogeneously.Upon hydrogen absorption,the phase structure of the HEA changed from a solid solution with an hexagonal-close-packed(HCP)structure to a high-entropy hydride with an faced-centered-cubic(FCC)structure without any secondary phase precipitated.The alloy demonstrated a maximum hydrogen storage capacity of 2.33 H/M(hydrogen atom/metal atom)at 723 K,with an enthalpy change(ΔH)of-141.09 kJ·mol^(-1)and an entropy change(ΔS)of-119.14 J·mol^(-1)·K^(-1).The kinetic mechanism of hydrogen absorption was hydride nucleation and growth,with an apparent activation energy(E_(a))of 20.90 kJ·mol^(-1).Without any activation,the YGdTbDyHo alloy could absorb hydrogen quickly(180 s at 923 K)with nearly no incubation period observed.The reason for the obtained value of 2.33 H/M was that the hydrogen atoms occupied both tetrahedral and octahedral interstices.These results demonstrate the potential application of HEAs as a high-capacity hydrogen storage material with a large H/M ratio,which can be used in the deuterium storage field.

Al-Sn复合材料的制备及其水反应产氢效率

为提高Al和水的反应活性,采用高能球磨法制备了Al-Sn复合材料,通过SEM、激光粒径分析、XRD等方法表征了Al-Sn复合物的微观结构,研究了Al-Sn复合材料的水反应活性,考察了颗粒粒径、水介质、起始温度、球磨参数变化对Al-Sn复合物水反应活性的影响。实验结果表明,高能球磨法及金属Sn的加入能够大幅提高Al与水反应的活性,制备的Al-Sn复合材料与水反应的氢气产率达83.92%,快速期最大产氢速率为359mL/(min·g)。

基于冷喷涂工艺的Mg-Zn-Al-Sn-Mn合金防腐Al涂层制备

采用冷喷涂技术在Mg-Zn-Al-Sn-Mn合金表面制备Al涂层,以提高其耐腐蚀性能。研究工作气体温度和压力对Al涂层显微组织和腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,随着气体温度和压力的升高,Al涂层的致密度和厚度均明显增加。高的气体温度能降低颗粒沉积的临界速度,并提高沉积效率。高的气体压力不仅提升机械结合质量,而且对沉积的涂层具有较强的夯实作用。由于孔隙的减少,Al涂层的耐蚀性随着气体温度和压力的升高而提高。Al(OH)_(3)和Al_(2)O_(3)等腐蚀产物可以堵塞涂层中的孔隙,并作为阻碍腐蚀的物理屏障,从而有效保护Mg合金免受腐蚀。

Microstructure and strengthening mechanism of hot-extruded ultralight Mg-Li-Al-Sn alloys with high strength

Duplex-structured Mg-7Li-2Al-1.5Sn alloys with high strength were fabricated and their strengthening mechanism was investigated.The Mg-7Li-2Al-1.5Sn alloys were prepared by casting and extruded at the temperature of 533 K with an extrusion ratio of 25:1.The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-7Li-2Al-1.5Sn alloys were systematically investigated by OM,XRD,SEM,TEM,and tensile tests.The results show that Mg-7Li-2Al-1.5Sn alloys are mainly composed ofα-Mg,β-Li,LiMgAl_(2),Mg_(2)Sn and Li_(2)MgSn phases.The yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and elongation(EL)of the extruded alloy at room temperature reach 250 MPa,324 MPa and 11.9%,respectively.A lot of Sn-rich precipitates(Mg_(2)Sn and Li_(2)MgSn)are precipitated during extrusion with an average size of∼14 nm,which is beneficial to the grain refinement.Dynamic recrystallization occurs during hot deformation and the nanoprecipitates effectively refine the dynamic recrystallized(DRXed)grains.Besides,the residual dislocations existed in DRXed and un-DRXed grains result in the dislocation strengthening in the extruded alloy.Mg7Li-2Al-1.5Sn alloys possess excellent high-temperature mechanical properties with the YS,UTS and EL of 200 MPa,237 MPa and 26.7%at 423 K,respectively.Sn-rich precipitates with good thermal stability can effectively prevent grain growth,which is good for the improvement of the high-temperature performance of Mg-Li-Al-Sn alloy.

Effects of sliding velocity and normal load on tribological behavior of aged Al-Sn-Cu alloy

The tribological behavior of aged Al-Sn-Cu alloy rubbed in the presence of lubricant over a range of sliding velocities and normal loads was investigated. The results showed that peak-aged （PA） alloy had a better tribological behavior than under-aged （UA） and over-aged （OA） alloys, which could be attributed to the optimized strength-ductility matching and a better hardness under PA condition. Wear rate and friction coefficient showed great sensitivity to applied sliding velocity and normal load. The wear rate and friction coefficient of the alloy exhibited a reduction trend with the increase in sliding velocity. The low wear rate and friction coefficient of alloy at high velocities were due to the effectively protected film and homogeneous Sn on surface. However, an increase in normal load led to an obvious increment in wear rate. The friction coefficient exhibited a fluctuant trend with the increase of normal loads. The seriously destroyed film and abraded Sn resulted in poor tribological behavior at high normal loads. The Sn particles and lubricant film which includes low shear interfacial lubricating layer and oxide tribolayer are the key to the tribological behavior of Al-Sn-Cu alloy.

Precipitation of α_2 Phase in α+β Solution-Treated and Air-cooled Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo-Si-Nd Alloys

A series of Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo-Si-Nd alloys with various content of Al were solution treated in α+β phase field and air-cooled. The precipitation of a2 phase in cooling was investigated by transmission electron microscopic analysis The precipitation characteristic of α2 phase was discussed. The precipitation of α2 phase would proceed by the nucleation and growth of α2 phase dependent on the diffusion of Al atoms. And a comparison on the difference of precipitation of α2 phase was carried out under the conditions of air-cooling and quenching in water. The investigation showed that the air-cooling and even quenching could supply enough time for the precipitation and growth of α2 phase when Al content reached a certain value even though far away from the stoichiometric composition of Ti3Al.

A comparative study on Sn macrosegregation behavior of ternary Al-Sn-Cu alloys prepared by gravity casting and squeeze casting

A comprehensive study on Sn macrosegregation behavior in ternary Al-Sn-Cu alloys was carried out by comparative analysis between gravity casting and squeeze casting samples.The microstructure and Sn distribution of the castings were characterized by metallography,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray(EDX)spectroscopy,and a direct reading spectrometer.Results show that there are obvious differences in Sn morphology between gravity casting and squeeze casting alloys.Under squeeze casting condition,the grain size of the casting is smaller and the distribution ofβ(Sn)is uniform.This effectively reduces the segregation of triangular grain boundary as well as the segregation of Sn.The segregation types of Sn in gravity casting and squeeze casting samples are obviously different.The upper surfaces of gravity casting samples show severe negative segregation,while all the lower surfaces have positive segregation.Compared with gravity casting,squeeze casting solidifies under isostatic pressure.Due to the direct contact between the upper surface of the casting and the mold,the casting solidifies faster under higher undercooling degree and pressure.Consequently,the uniform distribution of Sn reduces the segregation phenomenon on the surface of the casting.

Effects of Zr and Y on the Mechanical Properties and the Microstructure of Ti-Al-Sn-Nb-Mo-Si Alloy

In the present paper the effects of additions of Zr and Y on the microstructure and mechanical properties for Ti-(6.0 approximately 6.5)Al-(2.0 approximately 3.0)Sn-(1.5 approximately 6.0)Zr-(0.8 approximately 1.0)Mo-1.0Nb-0.25Si alloys are reported. The experimental results shows that: with increasing of Zr content, tensile strength and creep resistance of the alloys increase, and reduction in area and thermal stability of the alloys decrease. Decrease in thermal stability of the alloys mainly caused by surface thermal unstability. After heat treatment Y addition can make grain size of the alloys refine. The reduction in area and thermal stability of the alloys with Y addition are improved, and tensile strength slightly decreases and creep resistance is essentially the same as the alloy without Y addition. These phenomena are explained in brief.

Accelerated design of high-performance Mg-Mn-based magnesium alloys based on novel bayesian optimization

Magnesium(Mg),being the lightest structural metal,holds immense potential for widespread applications in various fields.The development of high-performance and cost-effective Mg alloys is crucial to further advancing their commercial utilization.With the rapid advancement of machine learning(ML)technology in recent years,the“data-driven''approach for alloy design has provided new perspectives and opportunities for enhancing the performance of Mg alloys.This paper introduces a novel regression-based Bayesian optimization active learning model(RBOALM)for the development of high-performance Mg-Mn-based wrought alloys.RBOALM employs active learning to automatically explore optimal alloy compositions and process parameters within predefined ranges,facilitating the discovery of superior alloy combinations.This model further integrates pre-established regression models as surrogate functions in Bayesian optimization,significantly enhancing the precision of the design process.Leveraging RBOALM,several new high-performance alloys have been successfully designed and prepared.Notably,after mechanical property testing of the designed alloys,the Mg-2.1Zn-2.0Mn-0.5Sn-0.1Ca alloy demonstrates exceptional mechanical properties,including an ultimate tensile strength of 406 MPa,a yield strength of 287 MPa,and a 23%fracture elongation.Furthermore,the Mg-2.7Mn-0.5Al-0.1Ca alloy exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 211 MPa,coupled with a remarkable 41%fracture elongation.

Relationship between the unique microstructures and behaviors of high-entropy alloys

High-entropy alloys(HEAs),which were introduced as a pioneering concept in 2004,have captured the keen interest of nu-merous researchers.Entropy,in this context,can be perceived as representing disorder and randomness.By contrast,elemental composi-tions within alloy systems occupy specific structural sites in space,a concept referred to as structure.In accordance with Shannon entropy,structure is analogous to information.Generally,the arrangement of atoms within a material,termed its structure,plays a pivotal role in dictating its properties.In addition to expanding the array of options for alloy composites,HEAs afford ample opportunities for diverse structural designs.The profound influence of distinct structural features on the exceptional behaviors of alloys is underscored by numer-ous examples.These features include remarkably high fracture strength with excellent ductility,antiballistic capability,exceptional radi-ation resistance,and corrosion resistance.In this paper,we delve into various unique material structures and properties while elucidating the intricate relationship between structure and performance.

Influence of Metalloid Elements on the Magnetic Properties and Anisotropy of FeNi-based Amorphous Alloys

The magnetic properties and anisotropy of amor- phous(Fe_(80)Ni_(20))_(78)Si_xB_(22-x).alloys have been investigated systematically.The maximum permeability,coercive force and remanence have been determined for as-prepared and annealed samples,The results on the technical magnetic properties of this alloy system have been discussed and compared with Masumoto's.

Effects of Alloying Elements on the Volume Fraction of Ordered α_2 Phase Precipitated in Ti-Al-Sn-Zr Alloys

An ideal method has been established for calculating the precipitation of α2 ordered phase in near-α titanium alloys based on the theory on the critical electron concentration for the precipitation of α2 ordered phase in near-α titanium alloys. With complete precipitation of α2 phase in near-α titanium alloys, the alloys can be considered to be composed of two parts： （1） the α2 ordered phase with the stoichiometric atomic ratio of Ti3X; （2） the disorder solid solution with the critical composition in which the α2 ordered phase is just unable to precipitate. By using this method, the volume fractions of α2 ordered phase precipitated in Ti-Al, Ti-Sn, Ti-Al-Sn-Zr alloys with various AI, Sn and/or Zr contents have been calculated. The influences of AI and Sn on the precipitation of α2 ordered phase are discussed. The calculating results show substantial agreement with the experimental ones.

Microstructure and damping properties of LPSO phase dominant Mg-Ni-Y and Mg-Zn-Ni-Y alloys

This work studied the microstructure,mechanical properties and damping properties of Mg_(95.34)Ni_(2)Y_(2.66) and Mg_(95.34)Zn_(1)Ni_(1)Y_(2.66)alloys systematically.The difference in the evolution of the long-period stacked ordered(LPSO)phase in the two alloys during heat treatment was the focus.The morphology of the as-cast Mg_(95.34)Ni_(2)Y_(2.66)presented a disordered network.After heat treatment at 773 K for 2 hours,the eutectic phase was integrated into the matrix,and the LPSO phase maintained the 18R structure.As Zn partially replaced Ni,the crystal grains became rounded in the cast alloy,and lamellar LPSO phases and more solid solution atoms were contained in the matrix after heat treatment of the Mg_(95.34)Zn_(1)Ni_(1)Y_(2.66)alloy.Both Zn and the heat treatment had a significant effect on damping.Obvious dislocation internal friction peaks and grain boundary internal friction peaks were found after temperature-dependent damping of the Mg_(95.34)Ni_(2)Y_(2.66)and Mg_(95.34)Zn_(1)Ni_(1)Y_(2.66)alloys.After heat treatment,the dislocation peak was significantly increased,especially in the alloy Mg_(95.34)Ni_(2)Y_(2).66.The annealed Mg_(95.34)Ni_(2)Y_(2.66)alloy with a rod-shaped LPSO phase exhibited a good damping performance of 0.14 atε=10^(−3),which was due to the difference between the second phase and solid solution atom content.These factors also affected the dynamic modulus of the alloy.The results of this study will help in further development of high-damping magnesium alloys.

High corrosion and wear resistant electroless Ni–P gradient coatings on aviation aluminum alloy parts

A Ni–P alloy gradient coating consisting of multiple electroless Ni–P layers with various phosphorus contents was prepared on the aviation aluminum alloy. Several characterization and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the different Ni–P coatings’ morphologies, phase structures, elemental compositions, and corrosion protection. The gradient coating showed good adhesion and high corrosion and wear resistance, enabling the application of aluminum alloy in harsh environments. The results showed that the double zinc immersion was vital in obtaining excellent adhesion (81.2 N). The optimal coating was not peeled and shredded even after bending tests with angles higher than 90°and was not corroded visually after 500 h of neutral salt spray test at 35℃. The high corrosion resistance was attributed to the misaligning of these micro defects in the three different nickel alloy layers and the amorphous structure of the high P content in the outer layer. These findings guide the exploration of functional gradient coatings that meet the high application requirement of aluminum alloy parts in complicated and harsh aviation environments.

Influence of heat treatment on microstructure,mechanical and corrosion behavior of WE43 alloy fabricated by laser-beam powder bed fusion

Magnesium(Mg)alloys are considered to be a new generation of revolutionary medical metals.Laser-beam powder bed fusion(PBF-LB)is suitable for fabricating metal implants withpersonalized and complicated structures.However,the as-built part usually exhibits undesirable microstructure and unsatisfactory performance.In this work,WE43 parts were firstly fabricated by PBF-LB and then subjected to heat treatment.Although a high densification rate of 99.91%was achieved using suitable processes,the as-built parts exhibited anisotropic and layeredmicrostructure with heterogeneously precipitated Nd-rich intermetallic.After heat treatment,fine and nano-scaled Mg24Y5particles were precipitated.Meanwhile,theα-Mg grainsunderwent recrystallization and turned coarsened slightly,which effectively weakened thetexture intensity and reduced the anisotropy.As a consequence,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were significantly improved to(250.2±3.5)MPa and(312±3.7)MPa,respectively,while the elongation was still maintained at a high level of 15.2%.Furthermore,the homogenized microstructure reduced the tendency of localized corrosion and favoredthe development of uniform passivation film.Thus,the degradation rate of WE43 parts was decreased by an order of magnitude.Besides,in-vitro cell experiments proved their favorable biocompatibility.