Pharmacognostic characters of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. leaves: macroscopy, microscopy, and phytochemical analysis

Background:Albizia lebbeck(L.)Benth,a medium to large tree belonging to the family Fabaceae,is commonly used as a medicinal plant for various disease conditions.Aim:The aim of this study was to establish a pharmacognostical profile for the leaves of Albizia lebbeck(L.)Benth in order to aid its identification and authentication.Method:Standard macroscopic methods were employed to analyze the physical parameters of the Albizia lebbeck(L.)Benth leaves.Fresh leaf samples and dried leaf powder were studied under a microscope to reveal the plant’s microscopic features.Preliminary phytochemical investigation of the plant material was also conducted using standard methods.Result:The results showed the presence of fibers,epidermal cells,stomata,sclereids,prismatic crystals,vascular bundles,and parenchyma cells.Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols,flavonoids,glycocides,terpenes,tannins,saponins,carbohydrates,and quinones.Conclusion:These pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical observations can be considered as standard for future studies.

Influence of cytokinins, basal media and pH on adventitious shoot regeneration from excised root cultures of Albizia lebbeck

A highly reproducible and efficient in vitro shoot regeneration system was developed in a potential medicinal plant, Albizia lebbeck using root explants. Root explants from 15 day-old-aseptic seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium supplemented with different concentrations （0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 μM） of 6-Benzyladenine （BA）, Kinetin （Kn）, 2-Isopentenyl adenine （2-iP） singly as well as in combination with α-Naphthalene acetic acid （NAA） （0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 μM）. The highest rate of shoot multiplication （16.0 ± 1.87 for the average shoot number and 5.16 ± 0.38 cm for shoot length） was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 7.5 μM BA and 0.5 μM NAA. The effects of medium type, medium strength, pH and subculture on shoot induction and proliferation were also tested. An average of 21.6±2.87 shoots per explants could be obtained following this protocol. Rooting was achieved on microshoots using half strength MS medium with 2.0 μM Indole-3-butyric acid （IBA） after four weeks of culture. The in vitro raised healthy plantlets were successfully established in earthen pots containing garden soil and grown in greenhouse with 〉80% survival rate.

Purification, characterization and evaluation of insecticidal activity of trypsin inhibitor from Albizia lebbeck seeds

A Bowman-Birk inhibitor with activity against gut proteases of Helicoverpa armigera was extracted in 0.I M sodium phosphate buffer from defatted seed flour of Albizia lebbeck. It was purified to 29.62 folds with 51.43% recovery using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100 column and ion ex- change chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex As0. The purified protein had a molecular weight of 12,303 daltons as determined by SDS-PAGE. It was found to be heat stable up to 60~C and had two pH optima of 7.5 and 9.0. The inhibitor exhibited non-competitive pattern of inhibition with a low Ki value of 0.2 ~tM. The inhibitoi- was found to be susceptible to varying concentrations of reducing agents like DTT and 2- mercaptoethanol, thereby indicating the role of disulphide bridges in maintaining its three dimensional structure and stability. The purified inhibitor caused mortality and suppressed larval growth ofPieris brassi- cae larvae. It was also found to be effective against gut trypsin extracted from Spodoptera littoralis. The sequence of the genes encoding for such inhibitors can be determined and the genes expressing protease inhibitors can be used in vegetable crops to confer resistance against insect pests and other plant pathogens.

Phytochemical screening and traditional medicinal potential of Albizia lebbeck(L.)Benth:An update

Albizia lebbeck Benth,commonly referred to as Indian Siris,is a therapeutically potential plant drug and a financially significant plant with mechanical,therapeutic uses.The leaves of the plant are a rich source of protein and are said to have significant efficacy against cancer cells.The plant contains a variety of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids,flavonoids,saponins,anthraquinones,phenols and essential oils.Pharmacological reports of the extract of A.lebbek show the diverse pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,anti-fertility,antifungal,anthelmintic,antiulcer etc.The present review paper contains the literature on the scientific reports on the pharmacological and phytochemical importance of A.lebbek,which could be a good source of information for researchers,scientists and industry for future reference.

Evaluation of Some Biological Activities of <i>Albizia lebbeck</i>Flowers

Reviewing the current literature for the importance of the plant Albizia lebbeck L. growing worldwide revealed many biological interests. However, the species growing in Saudi Arabia has not received due attention. The present study was undertaken to study antipyretic, analgesic, estrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities of five different fractions from successive extraction of Albizia lebbeck flowers: n hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol as well as the 70% total alcohol. The flowers showed reasonable antipyretic, analgesic, estrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Heavy metal concentrations in redeveloping soil of mine spoil under plantations of certain native woody species in dry tropical environment, India

Total concentration of heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Mn and Zn) was estimated in the redeveloping soil of mine spoil under 5 yr old plantations of four woody species namely: Albizia lebbeck, Albizia procera, Tectona grandis and Dendrocalamus strictus. The data recorded in the present study were compared with other unplanted coal mine spoil colliery, which was around to the study site and adjoining area of dry tropical forest. Among all the heavy metals, the maximum concentration was found for Fe and minimum for Cd. However, among all four species, total concentrations of these heavy metals were recorded maximally in the plantation plots of T. grandis except for Fe, while minimally in A. lebbeck except for Zn, whereas, the maximum concentration of Fe and Zn was in the plantation plots of D. strictus and A. procera. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences due to species for all the heavy metals except Cu. Among four species, A. lebbeck, A. procera and D. strictus showed more efficient for reducing heavy metal concentrations whereas T. grandis was not more effective to reduce heavy metal concentrations in redeveloping soil of mine spoil.

Isolation and Characterization of Native Rhizobium Strains Nodulating Some Legumes Species in South Brazzaville in Republic of Congo

Actually, in Republic of Congo, rhizobia have poorly phenotypically and biochemically characterized. This study aimed to characterize native rhizobia. Rhizobia strains were isolated using nodule roots collected on Milletia laurentii, Acacia spp., Albizia lebbeck, and Vigna unguiculata. The strains isolated were characterized microbiologically, biochemically, physiologically, and molecularly identified using 16S rRNA method. The results reported in this study are only for six strains of all 77 isolated: RhA1, RhAc4, RhAc15, RhAc13, RhW1, and RhV3. All native strains were positive to urease activity, negative to cellulase and pectinase activity except for one isolate that showed a positive cellulase activity. Moreover, isolates have grown at 12% of NaCl. On different effects of temperatures, isolates were able to grow up to 44°C and showed good growth at pH from 7 to 9 and the ability to use ten different carbon hydrates sources. The strains were identified as Rhizobium tropici, Rhizobium sp., Mesorhizobium sp. Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense and Bradyrhizobium elkanii. The phylogenetically analysis of the 16S rRNA genes, using a clustering method, allowed us to have a history that is both ancient and stable of four clades among genes with similar patterns. Expanding our awareness of the new legume-rhizobia will be a valuable resource for incorporating an alternative nitrogen fixation approach to consolidate the growth of legumes. These germs can be used in Congolese agriculture to improve yield of crops.

含羞草叶子提取物对常见农作物种子萌发生长的抑制作用(英文)

观察了含羞草叶子提取物对孟加拉常见农作物种子萌发生长的抑制作用。实验在27-30°C的室温和24小时的光照条件下进行。结果表明:不同浓度的含羞草叶子提取物明显影响所选的植物种子根,茎和侧根的延长和生长。生物学测定表明:高浓度(50%-100%)的提取物有较强的抑制作用。而低浓度(10%-25%)的提取物的抑制作用较弱。研究还显示,提取物对植物根和侧根的抑制作用比对种子萌发和茎的生长抑制作用更显著。图3表4参29。

印度,孟加拉西部的Terai地区的大叶合欢预处理及标准化豆荚采集时间和豆荚长度(英文)

在孟加拉西部的Pundibari地区,研究在4个采集(豆荚)时间,3个采集豆荚长度(<10cm,10-20cm和>20cm),以及进行的13种预处理对大叶合欢种苗生长和萌发率的影响。豆荚采集时间为2月19日,且没有任何预处理,大叶合欢种子萌发率为92.5%。这明确表明,在2月19日采集的种子具有非休眠,有活力和生理成熟的特性。从长度为10-20 cm豆荚剥离出的种子,2月19日播种,种苗生长良好。利用硫脲预处理种子后,种子的萌发率并没有表现出明显提高,但是当利用低浓度硫脲(100 μL·L-1)预处理种子后,有利于种苗生长。