The Control Efficiency of Plant Alcohol Extracts on the Laboratory Populations of Myzus persicae(Sulzer)and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)

The effects of semiochemicals extracted from 63 species of plants, on peach aphid (Myzus per-sicae) and mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), were studied in laboratory. The deterrent rate, reproduction deterrent index and the interferential index of population control (IIPC) was used to evaluate the efficiency of semiochemicals on population control of the two target aphids. The results showed that the extracts of 34 species of common plants have noticeable effect on both aphid populations, especially, Xanthium sibiricum Petr. Et Widd. and Syngonium podophyllum Schott. These plant extracts could be used to construct the plant pro-tectant to protect crops.

Enhanced Sporicidal Activity of Alcohol and Epigallocatechin-Palmitate-Based Hand Hygiene Formulations Comprised of Plant-Derived Compounds

Pathogenic spore-forming bacteria pose high risks to healthcare settings, as well as in the food and beverage industries. We reported recently that novel alcohol-based formulations containing plant-derived compounds, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate-palmitate (EGCG-P), a green tea polyphenol ester, provide > 99.99% inactivation of bacterial spores within 60 sec. Based on recently published data from our group and others, we hypothesize that a combination of EGCG-P and alcohol formulated with other plant-derived ingredients would achieve high sporicidal efficacy against a wide spectrum of bacterial spores and can provide novel hand hygiene methods against bacterial spores without toxicity. The objectives of the current study were to optimize two novel formulations with combinations of glycerol, citric acid, and EGCG-P to increase sporicidal activity and explore the rapid inactivation mechanisms and suitability for sporicidal products with broad-spectrum activities against aerobic and anaerobic bacterial spores. Methods included suspension testing of two formulations against spores from Bacillus cereus and Clostridium sporogenes, quantification of spore germination, and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that these novel formulations were able to reduce spore germination by >99.999% after 30 sec exposure in suspension tests, and rapidly caused physical damage to the spores. Additional studies are warranted to determine the suitability of the novel formulations for future hand hygiene use.

广藿香醇合酶PcPTS互作蛋白的筛选与鉴定分析

【目的】广藿香[Pogostemon cablin(Blanco)Benth.]是临床常用的芳香化湿药,其质量指标成分广藿香醇具有良好的抗病毒、抗炎症等活性。广藿香醇合酶(Patchouli alcohol synthase,PcPTS)在广藿香醇生物合成途径中起关键作用,但其在蛋白互作层面调控广藿香醇合成的机制尚不清楚。旨在筛选PcPTS的互作蛋白,以揭示PcPTS在广藿香醇生物合成途径中的调控机制和功能。【方法】利用酵母双杂交技术和GST pull-down联合液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术筛选可能与PcPTS互作的蛋白,利用MASCOT软件和BLAST分析注释互作蛋白,选取有文献报道参与其他蛋白互作、影响蛋白转运、修饰或降解、参与次生代谢调控的蛋白,利用酵母双杂交技术初步验证它们与PcPTS蛋白的互作关系并对互作蛋白进行生物信息学分析。【结果】通过PCR技术成功克隆了PcPTS的cDNA序列,开放阅读框(ORF)为1659 bp,编码522个氨基酸。构建了广藿香cDNA初级文库和酵母杂交文库,初级和次级文库容量分别为7.6×10^(6) CFU和8.6×10^(6) CFU,初级和次级文库的重组率均为100%,且插入片段平均长度均大于800 bp。构建的诱饵载体pGBKT7-PcPTS对酵母菌株不产生毒性,且无自激活活性。利用酵母双杂交筛选得到阳性克隆并进行测序和BLAST分析,获得17个候选蛋白。成功构建了GST-PcPTS表达载体,诱导表达纯化获得GST-PcPTS诱饵蛋白,利用诱饵蛋白从广藿香总蛋白中捕获互作蛋白,共鉴定出98个候选互作蛋白。从候选蛋白中筛选14个可能与PcPTS互作的蛋白,利用酵母双杂交进行点对点验证,结果发现PcC3H6、PcENO3、PcACR11和PcHAD与PcPTS存在相互作用。生物信息分析表明,四者分别属于CCCH锌指蛋白家族、烯醇化酶蛋白、ACR亚家族和HAD-like超家族。【结论】初步筛选验证获得与PcPTS存在相互作用的4个蛋白PcC3H6、PcENO3、PcACR11和PcHAD,有助于揭示PcPTS在广藿香醇生物合成途径中的作用机制,也为进一步研究广藿香醇的合成调控机制奠定了坚实基础。

Production of Chiral Aromatic Alcohol by Asymmetric Reduction with Vegetable Catalyst

Chiral aromatic alcohols are the key chiral building block for many important enantiopure pharmaceu-ticals. In this work,we studied asymmetric reduction of prochiral aromatic ketone to produce the corresponding chiral alcohol using vegetables as the biocatalyst. Acetophenone was chosen as the model substrate. The results in-dicate that acetophenone can be reduced to the corresponding chiral alcohols with high enantioselectivity by the chosen vegetables,i.e. apple(Malus pumila),carrot(Daucus carota),cucumber(Cucumis sativus),onion(Allium cepa),potato(Soanum tuberosum),radish(Raphanus sativus),and sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas) . In the reaction,R-1-phenylethanol is produced with apple,sweet potato and potato as the catalyst,while S-1-phenylethanol is the product with the other vegetables as the catalyst. In term of the enantioselectivity and reaction yield,carrot(D. ca-rota) is the best catalyst for this reaction. Furthermore,the reaction characteristics were studied in detail using car-rot(D. carota) as the biocatalyst. The effects of various factors on the reaction were investigated and the optimal reaction conditions were determined. Under the optimal reaction conditions(reaction time 50 h,substrate concen-tration 20 mmol·L-1,reaction temperature 35 °C and pH 7),95% of e.e.(to S-1-phenylethanol) and 85% chemical yield can be obtained. This work extends the biocatalyst for the asymmetric reduction reaction of prochiral aromatic ketones,and provides a novel potential route to produce enantiopure aromatic alcohols.

Application of Polynomial Mathematical Models for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Sources

This article focuses on the mathematical modelling of the extraction process of bioactive compounds from grape marc and berries (Aronia, rosehip, rowan, and hawthorn). The composition of the extraction medium (the concentration of the ethyl alcohol) served as a factor of influence. Furthermore, 8 experimental measured parameters were used as variables. The experimental results were processed using Hermite polynomials. In order to adapt the degree of the polynomial, the following conditions were imposed: high precision of the mathematical model by appealing to models on interval;obtaining a nominal model and two uncertain models (upper and lower);deduction of two predictive models, one superior and one inferior. It was found that the mathematical models based on Hermite polynomials do not provide explicit analytical expressions, although they allow the establishment of parameter values for any concentration of the extraction medium. In some cases, only high-grade polynomial models ensure the modelling error below 2%. Uncertain models (upper and lower 95%) include all experimental data. Predictive mathematical models (upper and lower) were established for a high prediction. The analytical expressions of the mathematical models on intervals are non-gaps, the coefficients having non-zero values. Dependencies between the measured parameters and the composition of the extraction solvent were analyzed, the results being presented through the calculation of a surface, with all the experimental values and their average values. Thus, it was found that polynomial mathematical models provide complete information for modelling the extraction processes of bioactive compounds of plant origin.

<i>In Vitro</i>Introduction of Hardy Alcohol Resistant Bacillus spp. through Aseptically Grown Watermelon Seedlings

The present study was taken up with a view to ascertain the possibility of introduction of alcohol resistant bacteria in vitro through the aseptically raised watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings in the backdrop of isolating such organisms from micropropagated watermelon stocks. Watermelon cv. Arka Manik seedlings grown in vitro from surface-sterilized seeds with the intact seed coat on MS medium appeared visibly clean largely, but upon subjecting them to tissue-indexing, the segments from the collar or root tissue showed bacterial colony growth on Nutrient Agar (NA) from 72% of such healthy seedlings and the cotyledon and hypocotyl tissue of 44% seedlings. The pooled colony growth from NA upon challenge with 90% alcohol yielded 10 distinct colony types, identified as B. pumilus (4×), B. subtilis (4×), B. cereus (1×) or B. safensis (1×) based on partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The shoot-tip tissue from the healthy index-negative seedlings cultured on watermelon proliferation medium partly turned index-positive within 2 - 4 sub-culture cycles while being apparently clean. On the other hand, those from the previously index-positive cultures tended to show obvious bacterial growth during subsequent in vitro culturing. The observations suggested the possibility of introduction of spore-forming Bacillus spp. through surface-sterilized seeds, their gradual emergence in vitro in visibly clean seedlings, possible transmittal of spores to the alcohol through tissue-culturing tools and the survival therein with the chances of unsuspected lateral spread. Seed coat removal followed by surface sterilization with sodium hypochlorite facilitated the raising of clean seedlings with no detectable bacterial association.

大叶韭醇提物对6种植物病原菌的抑制作用研究

采用超声提取法制备大叶韭乙醇提取物(醇提物),通过菌丝生长速率法比较大叶韭不同部位醇提物对辣椒枯萎病菌、茄子黄萎病菌、油菜菌核病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、猕猴桃溃烂镰刀菌、水稻纹枯病菌6种植物病原菌的抑制作用。结果表明:大叶韭不同部位醇提物对6种植物病原菌的抑制作用随着醇提物质量浓度的增大而增强,当醇提物质量浓度为30.00 mg/mL时,韭菜籽醇提物对茄子黄萎病菌、油菜菌核病菌、小麦赤霉病菌均具有较好的抑制效果,抑菌率分别为54.59%±1.76%、53.91%±2.65%、53.65%±1.60%;韭菜根醇提物对辣椒枯萎病菌、猕猴桃溃烂镰刀菌、水稻纹枯病菌具有较好的抑制效果,抑菌率分别为40.69%±2.04%、56.56%±2.72%、31.92%±1.32%。

微粉碎甘薯原料的生料发酵

采用糖化酶和酵母菌,对粗粉碎、微粉碎两种不同粒径的甘薯进行生料发酵,探讨微粉碎甘薯生料发酵的可行性;并通过正交试验,调查中温α-淀粉酶、糖化酶和酒精酶三种酶用量对微粉碎甘薯生料发酵影响的显著性。试验结果表明,微粉碎甘薯生料发酵的速率和酒精度均显著高于粗粉碎甘薯;初始pH在5.0~5.5的范围内,发酵效果最好;酒精酶对微粉碎甘薯生料发酵具有显著性影响,在中温α-淀粉酶10 u/g、糖化酶500 u/g和酒精酶0.2%的条件下生料发酵,最高酒精度为10.7%,其原料淀粉的转化率达到82.5%。由此可见,通过微粉碎,可实现甘薯的生料发酵。

五种药用植物提取液抑菌作用研究

采集石菖蒲、酸浆、矮茶子、鸡屎藤和串果藤5种药用植物,以乙醇为溶剂提取其有效成分,并将提取液分别对大肠杆菌、变形杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌进行抑菌活性试验。试验结果表明,5种植物都具有抑菌作用,但不同植物对不同细菌的抑菌效果有差异。石菖蒲和酸浆提取液对3种细菌都具有较强抑制能力,且对高温稳定。矮茶子、鸡屎藤提取液对大肠杆菌有抑制作用,串果藤提取液对枯草芽孢杆菌有抑制作用,但其抑菌能力不及石菖蒲和酸浆2种植物。

植物乙醇提取物对荔枝蒂蛀虫的防治研究

通过室内饲养观察和田间试验,研究不同药剂对荔枝蒂蛀虫的防治效果。通过室内饲养观察,从9种植物乙醇提取物中筛选出了飞机草茎叶乙醇提取物、非洲山毛豆乙醇提取物和大叶桉叶乙醇提取物3种对荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫具有较好的产卵忌避作用的植物乙醇提取物;田间药效试验结果表明,上述3种忌避作用物质处理5d后,对荔枝蒂蛀虫的产卵防治效果分别为82.02%,82.17%,74.37%,显著高于10%高效灭百可乳油(47.57%)和90%敌百虫结晶的防治效果(35.99%)。3种乙醇提取物对荔枝果实的保果效果分别为84.21%,85.26%,80.00%,对荔枝蒂蛀虫具有较好的防治和保果效果。

能源植物研究现状和展望

综述了常见生物能源如燃料酒精和生物柴油所涉及高等能源植物的种类、特征和应用开发现状,并展望了将来的发展趋势。

高效液相色谱柱后化学发光检测技术对杉科植物中羟基酸的分析应用

目的:本文建立了用高效液相色谱分离柱后化学发光法测定杉科植物中羟基酸含量。方法:基于在酸性介质中高锰酸钾直接氧化酒石酸、苹果酸和莽草酸等羟基酸产生化学发光,而盐酸氨基脲能够显著增强该体系的发光强度。采用 kBPCL 超微弱发光测量仪作为检测器,Hypersil ODS(4.6mm×150mm,5μm)柱,高氯酸(pH=2.5)溶液为流动相,流速0.8mL·min^(-1)。结果:酒石酸、苹果酸和莽草酸浓度分别在8.6×10^(-7)～2.6×10^(-4)(r=0.9991),9.6×10^(-8)～3×10^(-4)(r=0.9999),2.2×10^(-7)～3.5×10^(-3)g·mL^(-1)(r=0.9998)范围内,与峰面积有良好的线性关系;检出限分别为3.54×10^(-8),2.24×10^(-9),2.02×10^(-8)g·mL^(-1)(S/N=3)。结论:该法简便、快速、有效,灵敏度高,首次用于杉科植物中羟基酸的测定,取得了很好的结果。

植物乙醇提取物对蔬菜蚜虫和蚜茧蜂的影响

用药膜法测定 8种常见植物的乙醇提取物对桃蚜 (Myzuspersicae)、瓜蚜 (Aphisgossypii)和萝卜蚜 (Lipaphiserysimi)的忌避和控制作用 ,以及对蚜虫重要天敌———菜蚜茧蜂 (Aphidiusgifuensis)和菜少脉蚜茧蜂 (Diaeretiellarapae)存活的影响 .结果表明 ,供试的 8种植物乙醇提取物对 3种蚜虫都有一定的忌避作用 ,其中效果最好的是白花非洲山毛豆 (Tephrosiavogelli)和樟树 (Cinnamomumcamphora) ,对桃蚜、瓜蚜和萝卜蚜的忌避率分别达 0 .414、0 .72 9、0 .5 47和 0 .5 49、0 .690、0 .72 9;除黄素馨 (Jasminummes nyi)和草胡椒 (Peperomiapellucida)外 ,其余 6种植物乙醇提取物对桃蚜、瓜蚜、萝卜蚜都有较好的控制作用 ,其中山毛豆、樟树对蚜虫的控制效果最佳 ,鸡矢藤 (Paederiascandena)和芒箕 (Dicranopterisdichotoma)仅次于前 2种植物 ,白兰花 (Micheliaalba)对瓜蚜和萝卜蚜也有较好的控制作用 ;鱼藤精稀释 10 0 0倍对萝卜蚜效果很好 ,对桃蚜控制作用较差 .8种提取物中 ,山毛豆对蚜茧蜂有较强的毒性 ,4h死亡率达63 .3 3 % ,仅次于鱼藤酮精稀释 10 0 0倍 (4h的死亡率达 80 % ) ,而樟树、羊蹄甲 (Bauhiniavariegata)、黄素馨、白兰花和草胡椒的乙醇提取物与对照没有差异 ,对蚜茧蜂安全、无毒 .

多种植物乙醇提取物对桃蚜和萝卜蚜试验种群的控制作用

测定了 6 3种植物茎叶或果实的乙醇提取物 (浓度 0 .0 1gDW·ml-1)对桃蚜Myzuspersicae(Sulzer)和萝卜蚜Lipaphiserysimi(Kaltenbach)的忌避作用。结果表明 ,大多数试验植物的乙醇提取物对桃蚜和萝卜蚜均有明显的忌避效果。其中 ,苍耳XanthiumsibiricumPetr.etWidd .提取物对桃蚜和萝卜蚜的忌避率分别为 0 .4 81和0 .5 5 7,产后代数比对照降低 39%和 6 3.5 % ,桃蚜、萝卜蚜的种群趋势指数仅为对照的 2 9.1%和 11.3% ;白蝴蝶Syngonium podophyllumSchott .植株提取物对桃蚜和萝卜蚜的忌避率分别为 0 .4 5 2和 0 .6 15 ,产后代数比对照降低2 4 .5 %和 6 4 .1% ,桃蚜和萝卜蚜的种群趋势指数仅为对照的 33.3%和 14 .9%。对蚜虫有较好的控制效果。

38种药用植物醇提物对亚硝酸盐的清除作用

【目的】筛选对亚硝酸盐具有清除作用的药用植物,并研究其对亚硝酸根(NO-2)的清除率与醇提物总酚含量的相关性,为开发临江地区药用植物资源提供理论依据。【方法】依据NO-2在弱酸性条件下与对氨基苯磺酸重氮化,再与盐酸萘乙二胺偶合生成偶联化合物,用WD-2102A型自动酶标仪测定药用植物醇提物吸光度,计算NO-2清除率,并对清除率较高的样品进一步测定,并计算其IC50;应用简单的线性回归分析药用植物醇提物对NO-2的清除率与其总酚含量之间的相关性。【结果】38种药用植物醇提物均对NO-2具有一定的清除作用,但不同药用植物的清除作用差异很大;药用植物醇提物对NO-2的清除率(y)与其总酚含量(x)呈正向相关,相关方程为y=0.915 5x+17.644,相关系数R2=0.323;筛选出对NO-2清除率大于55%的9种药用植物(含同种药用植物不同选取部位)进一步进行测定,结果表明药用植物醇提物对NO-2的清除率随其醇提物质量浓度的增加而增强,其清除作用大小顺序为小花地笋>茜草>野生葡萄(籽)>草本水杨梅>Vc(抗坏血酸)>茶条槭(枝)>仙鹤草>月见草>茶条槭(叶)>茶条槭(果)>宽叶山蒿>意大利苍耳(果)。【结论】临江地区38种药用植物中野生葡萄(籽)和茶条槭最有希望被开发;药用植物中的多酚类成分为其NO-2清除作用的主要活性物质。

酒精厂循环冷却水降温系统的制冷改造设计

为保证酒精及其相关产品的产量、质量和收得率,通常采用以开放式冷却塔为降温设备的循环冷却水系统。但冷却塔的降温效果与气象条件密切相关,在高温高湿天气下只能通过补充大量新水来保证冷却水的温度,从而造成水资源的浪费。针对这方面的问题,某酒精厂的冷却水系统在原有冷却塔后增加大型离心式制冷机组,实现冷却水温度的有效降低和控制,收到了明显的改善工艺条件、节约用水和节约运行费用的效果。实践证明制冷降温技术在工业冷却水领域应用具有可行性、合理性和必要性。

萜烯指数在茶品系间的表达

用气相色谱法研究了茶花精油中几种单萜烯醇及其比值(萜烯指数)的变化。结果表明,花器的各单萜烯醇含量随茶树花期(11月上旬至12月上旬)而变化,但萜烯指数不受花期影响。同一无性品系不同成熟度全花的萜烯指数值有变化,但雄蕊形成至成热则一直保持恒定。成熟花不同花器部分的萜烯指数值不同,其中雄蕊群的测定值与全花一致。11个无性品系成熟花的萜烯指数值表现出明显的品系间差异。无性系间杂交 F_1代的萜烯指数,变幅范围出现在双亲值之间;正、反交 F_1代表现出不同的萜烯指数值。

大豆磷脂对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

[目的]研究大豆磷脂对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用.[方法]建立小鼠酒精性肝损伤模型,设空白对照组、肝损伤模型组和大豆磷脂小、中、大剂量(0.12,0.24,0.48 g/kg)组,给予相应处理7 d后测定血清中ALT,AST含量和肝匀浆液中MDA,GSH含量.[结果]大豆磷脂大剂量组小鼠血清中ALT含量及中、大剂量大豆磷脂组小鼠血清中AST含量均较肝损伤模型组低,大豆磷脂各剂量组小鼠肝组织内MDA含量显著低于肝损伤模型组,大豆磷脂大剂量组小鼠肝组织内GSH含量明显高于肝损伤模型组.[结论]大豆磷脂对酒精性肝损伤具有保护作用.

能源植物的研究进展及其发展趋势

能源危机是人类即将面临的巨大挑战,生物质能源的开发利用已成为当今国际上的一大热点。本文简要介绍了国内外能源植物的研究现状,并对如何发展我国能源植物提出了几点建议。

番茄植株总黄酮提取工艺优化

以番茄植株为植物材料,研究乙醇浸提法提取其总黄酮的最佳工艺条件。以番茄植株总黄酮的提取量为考察指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验研究乙醇浓度、浸提时间、料液比和浸提温度对番茄植株总黄酮提取量的影响程度及最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明,上述四因素对番茄植株总黄酮提取量影响的大小顺序依次为乙醇浓度>浸提温度>料液比>浸提时间;最佳提取工艺条件为:60%乙醇,料液比30 m L/g,70℃条件下,浸提1.5 h;最高提取量为0.408 mg/g。