Preparation and swelling behavior of polyvinyl alcohol physiological saline gel

Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) physiological saline gel was prepared using physiological saline solution of the polymer by freezing and thawing method. The influences of the concentration of PVA, freezing and thawing cycle times and solvent swelling media on the swelling properties of PVA saline gel were investigated. The result show that the electrolytical ions have great effect on the swelling behavior of PVA saline gel. The equilibrium swelling ratio of PVA saline gel in aqueous swelling media is larger than that in saline swelling media. Also, the equilibrium swelling ratios of PVA saline gel in aqueous and in saline media decrease with the increase of gel concentration and the increase of freezing and thawing cycle times. The decreasing speed of equilibrium swelling ratio with the increase of freezing and thawing cycle times of PVA gel in distilled water is faster than that in physiological saline. The swelling kinetic equation can sufficiently describe the swelling behavior of PVA physiological saline gel.

Swelling behaviour of amphiphilic poly(methacryloxyethyl dimethylalkane ammonium bromide) gels in alcohol/water solvent systems

Three kinds of amphiphilic PMADAB gels were prepared through radiation-induced polymerization and crosslinking of methacryloxyethyl dimethylalkane ammonium bromide(MADAB) with different alkyl side chains(butyl,octyl and dodecyl).The length of alkyl side chains had significant influence on swelling behavior of the PMADAB gels in alcohol/water solvent.Equilibrium swelling degree(EDS) of PMBDAB(butyl) gel in water was ca.160 and decreased with increasing alcohol content(x),whereas EDS of PMODAB(octyl)and PMDDDAB(dodecyl) gels showed a convex-upward function of x,i.e.,these two gels barely swelled in pure water and swelled with increasing x and then shrank gradually.This phenomenon was explained by the hydrophobic association of long alkyl chains and a cosolvency effect of PMADAB in alcohol and water.The swelling behavior of PMADAB gels in methanol,ethanol and isopropanol were similar,and their EDS are related with the dielectric constant of alcohol solvents.The results suggest that PMADAB gels may be potential absorbents for various kinds of alcohols.

Electrically induced gel-sol transition of polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide semi-interpenetrated hydrogels

Polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide semi-interpenetrated hydrogels were prepared via freeze-thaw process. When a 20 V of DC was applied across the gels, the gels with lower polyacrylamide content underwent a contraction or partly turned into solution, while for the gels. with higher polyacrylamide concentration, a complete gel-sol transition was observed in a short time.

Size and Weight Fraction of Solvent Crystals in Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Gel Prepared from Dimethylsulfoxide/Water Solution

The size and weight fraction of crystals of pure ice or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gel prepared from a mixed solvent of DMSO/water were determined from melting peaks observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The depression of the melting point with respect to the equilibrium melting point and the melting enthalpy gave the crystal size and weight fraction, respectively. The sizes were in the range of a few nm to tens of nm, depending on the composition ratio of the mixed solvent (DMSO/water) and the polymer concentration. Based on the weight fraction, the critical condition at which the whole solvent became non-freezable was estimated, and it was found to depend on both the PVA concentration and the DMSO/water ratio. When the solvent was pure water, the critical PVA concentration was as high as 86.4 wt%, while for pure DMSO solvent it was 50.1 wt%.

PREPARATION OF NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS OF PEROVSKITE-TYPE La_(1-x)Sr_xFeO_3 bY USINO GEL OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

Precursors of La_(1-x)Sr_xFeO_3(x=0.0,0.1,0.4 and 0.6)nanocrystalline materials were prepared by the mixed salts dissolved in an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA).XRD,DTA and TEM were used to characterize the samples. Well-nanocrystalline perovskite-type La_(1_x)Sr_xFeO_3 could be synthesized at the temperatures as low as 400～550℃ for 2h by the calcination of these amorphous precursors,and the calcination of wet LaFeO_3 gel was investigated at 300℃ for lh and 700℃ for 0.5h.

Synthesis of ZrO_2-HfO_2-Y_2O_3-Sc_2O_3 Nano-Particles by Sol-Gel Technique in Aqueous Solution of Alcohol

Agglomeration-free nanosized ZrO2-HfO2-Y2O3-Sc2O3 composite powders were successfully synthesized by Sol-Gel technique in heated aqueous solution of alcohol, using analytically pure ZrOCl2 · 8H2O, HfOCl2·8H2O, Y（NO3）3·6H2O, and Sc2O3 as raw materials. The effect of synthesis condition on the size and dispersity of the composite powders was investigated by means of XRD, TEM, and TG-DSC techniques. The results showed that well-dispersed predecessor of ZrO2-HfO2-Y2O3-Sc2O3 composite nanopowders could be obtained. The optional condition ： PEG6000 as dispersant was 1%, alcohol/H2O ratio was 5/1, metallic ion concentration in whole solution was 0.5 mol·L^-1 and the pH value of the solution was 12. After calcined at 620 ℃, the powder obtained was in uniform cubic structure, and its average particle size was about 13 nm, which was good for producing nanocrystalline solid electrolyte.

Thermal aging behavior of high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel

The thermal aging behavior of poly （ vinyl alcohol ） （ PVA ） hydrogel was studied at four different temperatures of 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃ and 70 ℃ in one year. The samples of PVA hydrogel were closely covered by plastic film. The changes of their chemical structures and physical properties during aging were measured through different measurable techniques including tensile testing, gel permeation chromatography （ GPC ）, viscosity analysis, and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spec- trum. The results showed that the molecular weight of PVA in hydrogel changed little with time and temperature. FTIR spectra of PVA in all the samples were similar to those of the original samples. The tensile strength of PVA hydrogel didn＇t change until the 330th days.

Performance Improvement of Polyvinyl Formal Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Batteries by Coating Al2O3

Al2O3/PVFM/Al2O3 trilayer membranes are prepared by means of simple coating of PVA-Al2O3 solution onto both sides of PVFM thin membranes, which is prepared via phase inversion method. The characteristics of the trilayer membranes and gel polymer electrolytes are investigated using FESEM, tensile testing apparatus, thermal shrinkage test, EIS and charge-discharge test. When inorganic Al2O3 particles are used to coat the PVFM membrane, drawbacks associated with gel-type membranes, namely, poor mechanical strength and thermal stability are greatly improved. Lithium ion cell with the Al2O3/PVFM/Al2O3 based GPE matched with LiFePO4 shows excellent electrochemical performance.

Structure and Properties of Sol-Gel Derived CuNiMnZrO2 Catalysts for CO Hydrogenation

Two CuNiMnZrO_2 catalysts (crystallized or non-crystallized) were prepared byco-hydrolyzing zirconium n-propoxide with Cu(NO_3)_2, Mn(NO_3)_2 and Ni(NO_3)_2 in an ethanolsolution in the presence of diglycol. The physical and chemical properties of the catalysts werecharacterized using BET, XRD, TEM, XPS and CO-DRIFT techniques. It was found that thenon-crystallized CuNiMnZrO_2 catalyst demonstrated highly dispersed active phases and high activityfor CO adsorption, which resulted in good performance for synthesis of higher alcohols in COhydrogenation compared to crystallized CuNiMnZrO_2.

Biomimetic Crawling Motion of Soft and Slender Gel-worm

Inspired by the locomotion of terrestrial limbless animals, the present work attempt to study the motion of biomimetic system based on poly（vinyl alcohol） / dimethylsulfoxide gel. The system was operated in air by employing a non-contacted DC electric field. The results showed that the gel exhibited a long-range snail-like motion and had a very fast response rate.

莲藕解酒功能软糖的制备及功效评价

为了探讨了莲藕解酒成分的提取工艺条件及其制备的软糖的解酒功效。本研究以莲藕为原料,以乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)体外激活率为指标,通过单因素和正交试验对提取溶剂、料液比、提取时间和提取温度进行研究。对最优提取工艺下的莲藕提取物进行成分分析并以此作为原料制备解酒功能软糖,测定软糖中添加不同浓度莲藕提取液对DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基和·OH自由基的清除率;建立小鼠醉酒模型评价莲藕功能软糖的醒酒功效。实验结果表明,莲藕解酒成分最佳提取工艺为溶剂选用100%甲醇,料液比1∶40,提取温度60℃,提取时间5 h,此工艺下得到的莲藕提取物对ADH体外激活率为(19.60±2.10)%。UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS分析此工艺条件下莲藕提取物有433种成分,主要物质为酚酸和黄酮类物质。莲藕解酒功能软糖对ABTS+自由基、·OH自由基和DPPH自由基清除率的IC50分别为14.59、101.96和5.54 mg·mL^(-1)。动物实验证明莲藕解酒功能软糖可以显著提高(P<0.05)饮酒后小鼠肝脏ADH活性并显著降低(P<0.05)小鼠饮酒后血液中乙醇的含量,同时延长小鼠平均醉酒潜伏时间并缩短醉酒后翻正反射恢复时间。表明莲藕解酒软糖具有一定的解酒效果。本研究结果为开发具有解酒护肝功效的功能性食品提供了新的理论和实践基础。

Performance enhancement of phosphoric acid fuel cell using phosphosilicate gel based electrolyte

Replacement of phosphoric acid electrolyte by phosphosilicate gel based electrolytes is proposed for performance enhancement of phosphoric acid fuel cell(PAFC).Phosphosilicate gel in paste form and in powder form is synthesized from tetraethoxysilane and orthophosphoric acid using sol-gel method for two different P/Si ratio of 5 and 1.5 respectively.Replacement of phosphoric acid electrolyte by phosphosilicate gel paste enhances the peak power generation of the fuel cell by 133% at 120 ℃ cell temperature;increases the voltage generation in the ohmic regime and extends the maximum possible load current.Polyinyl alcohol(PVA) is used to bind the phosphosilicate gel powder and to form the hybrid crosslinked gel polymer electrolyte membrane.Soaking the membrane with phosphoric acid solution,instead of that with water improves the proton conductivity of the membrane,enhances the voltage and power generation by the fuel cell and extends the maximum possible operating temperature.At lower operating temperature of 70 ℃,peak power produced by phosphosilicate gel polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PGMFC) is increased by 40% compared to that generated by phosphoric acid fuel cell(PAFC).However,the performance of composite membrane diminishes as the cell temperature increases.Thus phosphosilicate gel in paste form is found to be a good alternative of phosphoric acid electrolyte at medium operating temperature range while phosphosilicate gel-PVA composite offers performance enhancement at low operating temperatures.

用于应变传感器的自愈合抗冻离子水凝胶

近年来,导电水凝胶在电子驱动器、医疗监测传感器及可穿戴设备等领域的应用备受关注。然而,多数凝胶机械强度低、寿命短、抗冻性能差,从而导致低温下无法使用。为了解决该问题,以聚乙烯醇、离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐和植酸为原料,在水与二甲基亚砜(DMSO)二元溶液中借助多重氢键及离子基团间的静电作用实现了超分子自组装,制备出一种可用于应变传感的自愈合、耐低温多功能离子水凝胶。研究发现在凝胶中引入DMSO,凝胶表现出优异的抗冻能力;同时,调节DMSO的含量可优化凝胶的强度和韧性,当DMSO体积分数为40%时,最大拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别可达4.43 MPa和869.1%。该离子水凝胶在低温应变传感器、智能可穿戴响应元件等领域展现出较好的应用潜力。

HAN基ECSP凝胶模型的构建与分子动力学模拟

目的从微观分子的角度对硝酸羟胺(HAN)基电控固体推进剂(Electrically Controlled Solid Propellants,ECSP)的性能参数进行模拟与计算。方法利用分子表面静电势(ESP)对HAN分子2种可能的构型进行优化和稳定性分析。通过真空非周期性分子动力学模拟得到聚乙烯醇(PVA)分子稳定构型,并以HAN基ECSP的主要成分按一定比例构建凝胶模型。基于RESP(Restrained Electrostatic Potential)电荷生成更准确的凝胶模型拓扑文件,并进行凝胶模型的分子动力学模拟、模型稳定分析以及模型参数计算。结果凝胶模型总能量相对平均值的周期性波动不超过7%。由于三维PVA链的包裹,H_(2)O分子的扩散系数被大幅削弱。氢键分析和径向分布函数表明氢键键长主要分布在0.2826 nm附近,PVA与H_(2)O间的氢键较少,H_(2)O与HAN、H_(2)O与H_(2)O之间的氢键较多。模型密度为1.405 g/cm^(3),与实验值吻合度高。在283、293、303 K下,HAN基ECSP凝胶模型的拉伸模量依次降低,剪切模量先增后减。在15 K/600 ps冷却速率下,HAN基ECSP凝胶模型的拉伸模量和剪切模量均增大。结论ECSP制备结束后,冷却过程中的环境温度不宜过高,否则容易造成ECSP力学性能的快速下降,快速冷却可以提高ECSP的力学性能。

聚乙烯醇基凝胶电解质的制备及在储能器件中的应用

由于在电化学能源存贮与转化器件中所展现出的巨大潜在应用前景,固态聚合物电解质膜的开发受到研究界的广泛关注。基于柔性储能与转换器件的发展,以聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol, PVA)为基体的凝胶聚合物电解质(Gel polymer electrolytes, GPEs)因亲水性强,无毒,良好的兼容性以及优异的化学稳定性,是当前研究较多的理想电解质材料。本文从PVA基水凝胶电解质的制备合成原理、方法和性能表征出发,总结和讨论了其基本物理特性和电化学性能,并就PVA基水凝胶电解质在超级电容器、柔性锌空电池、锂离子电池以及太阳能水热电池中的研究和应用进展进行了综述,并对其在该领域未来的发展做出展望。

聚乙烯醇基凝胶聚合物电解质的制备及在锌离子混合电容器中的应用

锌离子混合电容器(ZIHC)兼有电池高能量密度和电容器高功率密度的特点,是下一代能源存储设备的有力竞争者,但电池型阴极-电容型阳极ZIHC的研究中使用的多为电解质溶液,容易泄漏而导致安全风险。针对这一问题,文中以纤维素、羟乙基纤维素和聚乙烯醇为原料,通过冷冻-解冻和电解液吸收的方法,快速制备了具有蜂巢状的三维网络形貌的凝胶聚合物电解质(GPE)。优化的GPE不仅具有良好力学性能(拉伸强度0.24 MPa、断裂伸长率289%),而且表现出较高的离子电导率(58.5 mS/cm)。使用GPE、二氧化锰阴极和活性炭阳极组成的ZIHC,其比电容和能量密度分别为31.5 F/g和15.0 Wh/kg,2 A/g充放电循环1.5×104次后比电容保持率约80%,展示出GPE在ZIHC领域中潜在的应用价值。原料环保和方便快捷的制备方法为能量存储和柔性可穿戴电子领域应用的GPE研究提供了新的思路。

一种高离子电导率水凝胶聚合物电解质的制备及性能

具有高离子电导率且综合性能优异的凝胶电解质是储能材料领域的研究热点。以简单的冻融法制备了一种基于聚乙烯醇(PVA)和壳聚糖(CS)的水凝胶聚合物电解质,并获得高离子电导率。系统地探索了水凝胶冷冻时间、浸泡电解液的时间以及电解液种类对水凝胶离子电导率的影响,得出了适合该物理交联PVA/CS凝胶电解质的制备条件。结果表明:PVA与CS质量比为1∶2,经过5h冷冻12h解冻获得的凝胶具有较均匀的三维孔洞结构和较低的结晶度,没有发生水凝胶无限溶胀以及溶解的现象。该水凝胶浸泡饱和NaCl电解液6h后其离子电导率达到最大值1.68S/cm,浸泡1mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)电解液的离子电导率在4h时最大为0.83S/cm。此外,5mm厚的水凝胶在12h后达到溶胀平衡,体积和质量溶胀率分别约为170%和145%;凝胶断裂伸长率在室温下可以达到200%左右。

以环氧化合物为凝胶促进剂制备块状氧化铁气凝胶

以无机铁盐FeCl3为前驱体，环氧丙烷及其衍生物作为凝胶促进剂，采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备氧化铁凝胶。以氯化铁的醇溶液为前驱体、环氧化合物为凝胶促进剂，制备氧化铁的醇凝胶，通过C02超临界干燥工艺得到氧化铁气凝胶。用透射电镜（TEM）对气凝胶微观结构的表征结果表明，气凝胶样品主要由超细微粒堆积而成。BET和BJH测试结果表明，气凝胶样品平均孔径为9．4～18．3nm，比表面积为430-500m^2／g。

物理交联聚乙烯醇凝胶中氢键作用研究

采用反复冷冻-解冻法制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)凝胶。采用HakeeRS300动态应力流变仪,利用动态力学分析方法研究PVA物理交联凝胶的力学性能及氢键作用。结果表明,PVA水凝胶及PVA/DMSO凝胶的剪切模量,物理交联密度及最大抗张强度均随着PVA浓度的增加而增大;同一浓度下,PVA水凝胶的剪切模量及物理交联密度大于PVA/DMSO凝胶,但氢键活化能小于PVA/DMSO凝胶。

胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒的制备

目的 制备胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒。方法 采用酶水解和超滤膜分离技术 ,得到不同相对分子质量的壳聚糖 ,由凝胶渗透色谱法测定其相对分子质量 ;采用溶剂扩散法制备纳米粒 ,研究纳米粒的空间结构 ,测定其粒径、表面电位 (zeta电位 )、模型药物胰岛素包封率及体外释放。结果 通过控制酶水解条件 ,经超滤分离得到 3种不同相对分子质量的壳聚糖 ,凝胶渗透色谱法测得的重均相对分子质量 (MW)分别为 10 2 89,4 15 0 0和 10 1870。经溶剂扩散法制备得到的壳聚糖纳米粒 ,呈类圆形球体 ,粒径分布较窄 ,且随制备工艺中乙醇加入量的增加、分散用超声次数的增多 ,以及壳聚糖分子量的降低 ,粒径变小。壳聚糖纳米粒带正电荷 ,zeta电位值大于 +30mV。放射免疫法测得的药物包封率为 72 .6 6 %。在壳聚糖酶存在条件下 ,前 1h体外释放药物较快 ,1h后趋于平稳 ,并能持续释放 6h。结论 选用合适相对分子质量壳聚糖制备胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒 ,方法简便 ,药物包封率高 。