Ecological Remediation Technology of Urban Landscape Water Body

Urban landscape water body is not only an important part of urban landscape construction,but also an important way to maintain landscape diversity and biodiversity,carrying the beautiful yearning of urban residents for natural life.A good state of urban landscape water body is crucial to the ecological environment of the city.However,due to the poor kinetic energy of urban landscape water body and the influence of various human factors,the quality of urban landscape water body often declines,and urban population is threatened by water security problems.Through the study of several water body ecological remediation technologies,relevant suggestions are put forward,in order to provide a reference for water pollution restoration and treatment in urban human settlement environment.

双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis albuhitensis Grube)生态修复型(Ecological remediation)养殖技术

池塘养殖:通过对低产池塘的改造、清塘、培养底栖硅藻等方法,提高低产池塘的经济产出。(2002～2005)年累计池塘养殖双齿围沙蚕80hm2,总产沙蚕120411kg,平均单产为1505.14kghm2;滩涂养殖:通过在滩涂上放养沙蚕幼体和贝类,来抑制大米草的生长,达到恢复和保持生态平衡的目的。(2004～2005)年累计滩涂养殖面积为400hm2,沙蚕总产337.7t,沙蚕平均单产844.25kghm2,贝类1315.1t,贝类平均单产3287.75kghm2。

Study on Ecological Remediation for Water and Soil Conservation of a Small Watershed

Taking the waterhead area of the middle line project for diverting water from the south to the north,Hanjiang watershed in Shiquan, as an example,ecological remediation of the small watershed was studied from aspects of necessity,practicability,plans and aims. The ecological restoration for soil and water conservation in Hanjiang River basin can not only control soil erosion and effectively protect water resources to provide clean water for people living in the lower reaches of Hanjiang mainstream,but also increase farmers' income and protect environment, which is both typical and exemplary.

Application research of enhanced in-situ micro-ecological remediation of petroleum contaminated soil

Experimental study of enhanced in-situ micro-ecological remediation of petroleum contaminated loess soil was carried out in Zhongyuan oil production areas, and the enhanced in-situ micro-ecological remediation technique includes optimistic in-situ microbial communities, physical chemistry methods, alfalfa planting and regulation of soil environmental elements. Experiments showed that the oil content in the contaminated soil with oil content about 2 898.25 mg/kg can be reduced about 98.61% after in-situ micro-ecological remediation for 99 days, which demonstrated the effectiveness of in-situ micro-ecological remediation methods for petroleum contaminated soil in central plains of China, and explored the practical and feasible application of these methods.

Engineering application of ecological remediation technologies in situ treatment of black-odour river

In order to study the remediation technology and effect of the black-odour water bodies,the treatment project of typical black-odour river was taken as an example,and the technical measures,such as sediment dredging,aeration,adding microbial preparation and constructing ecological floating bed,were adopted to treat and restore the water body.The results showed that the black and odorous phenomenon of the river had been basically eliminated and the water quality had been significantly improved after the 9-week operation.The highest removal rates of COD,NH3-N and TP were 82.5%,77.6%and 81.4%,respectively,and the water quality was improved from inferior class V to class IV.The engineering practice indicated that the technical scheme was feasible and could effectively remove the pollutants such as organic matters,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water,which could provide basis and reference for the treatment project of similar black-odour water body.

Belt and Road International Forum on Public Cooperation for Ecological Remediation

Most countries along the Belt and Road have been suffering land desertification to varying extent for decades.Desertification and land degradation are now great threats to human prosperity and the lives of future generations.Actively carrying out ecological governance cooperation so as to accelerate the improvement of the ecological environm ent along the Belt and Road is an important basic guarantee for promoting the common development and common prosperity of countries along the Belt and Road.

Problems, challenges and future of plant disease management: from an ecological point of view

Plant disease management faces ever-growing challenges due to： （i） increasing demands for total, safe and diverse foods to support the booming global population and its improving living standards; （ii） reducing production potential in agriculture due to competition for land in fertile areas and exhaustion of marginal arable lands; （iii） deteriorating ecology of agro-ecosystems and depletion of natural resources; and （iv） increased risk of disease epidemics resulting from agricultural intensification and monocultures. Future plant disease management should aim to strengthen food security for a stable society while simultaneously safeguarding the health of associated ecosystems and reducing dependency on natural resources. To achieve these multiple functionalities, sustainable plant disease management should place emphases on rational adaptation of resistance, avoidance, elimination and remediation strategies individually and collectively, guided by traits of specific host-pathogen associations using evolutionary ecology principles to create environmental （biotic and abiotic） conditions favorable for host growth and development while adverse to pathogen reproduction and evolution.

Study on Obstacles to Continuous Cropping of Vegetables and Soil Remediation Technology

Firstly,this paper analyzes the cause of obstacles to continuous cropping of vegetables,and then introduces the soil ecological remediation technology used for overcoming obstacles to continuous cropping of vegetables. Finally,this paper analyzes the effect of applying soil ecological remediation technology in overcoming obstacles to continuous cropping of vegetables.

Source,migration,distribution,toxicological effects and remediation technologies of arsenic in groundwater in China

Groundwater with high arsenic(As) content seriously threatens human life and health. Drinking high-As groundwater for a long time will lead to various pathological changes such as skin cancer, liver cancer,and kidney cancer. High-As groundwater has become one of the most serious environmental geological problems in China and even internationally. This paper aims to systematically summarize the sources,migration, distribution, toxicological effects, and treatment techniques of As in natural groundwater in China based on a large number of literature surveys. High-As groundwater in China is mainly distributed in the inland basins in arid and semi-arid environments and the alluvial and lacustrine aquifers in river deltas in humid environments, which are in neutral to weakly alkaline and strongly reducing environments.The content of As in groundwater varies widely, and As(Ⅲ) is the main form. The main mechanism of the formation of high-As groundwater in China is the reduced dissolution of Fe and Mn oxides under the action of organic matter and primary microorganisms, alkaline environment, intense evaporation and concentration, long-term water-rock interaction, and slow groundwater velocity, which promote the continuous migration and enrichment of As in groundwater. There are obvious differences in the toxicity of different forms of As. The toxic of As(Ⅲ) is far more than As(V), which is considered to be more toxic than methyl arsenate(MMA) and dimethyl arsenate(DMA). Inorganic As entering the body is metabolized through a combination of methylation(detoxification) and reduction(activation) and catalyzed by a series of methyltransferases and reductases. At present, remediation methods for high-As groundwater mainly include ion exchange technology, membrane filtration technology, biological treatment technology, nanocomposite adsorption technology, electrochemical technology, and so on. All the above remediation methods still have certain limitations, and it is urgent to develop treatment materials and technical means with stronger As removal performance and sustainability. With the joint efforts of scientists and governments of various countries in the future, this worldwide problem of drinking-water As poisoning will be solved as soon as possible. This paper systematically summarizes and discusses the hot research results of natural high-As groundwater, which could provide a reference for the related research of high-As groundwater in China and even the world.

蓝花草对3种矿业废弃地基质的适应性比较

蓝花草耐多种逆境,可用于矿业废弃地的生态修复。为阐明蓝花草适应矿业废弃地的能力及生态修复应用,该研究以红壤为对照,比较分析了蓝花草在3种矿业废弃地基质(采石场废石、锰尾矿渣、改良赤泥)的生理生态性状、生长表现、重金属含量及对3种基质的改良效果。结果发现:生长100 d后,蓝花草均未死亡,其中采石场废石植株的叶绿素含量、光合能力与相对生长速率显著高于红壤及其他2种基质植株;与红壤相比,锰尾矿渣显著增加了蓝花草的锰与铜含量但只对根冠比有显著降低作用,而改良赤泥显著降低了株高、基径、叶数、光合能力、根生物量、根冠比、相对生长速率等;蓝花草增加了红壤及这3种基质的有机质含量,降低了改良赤泥的pH(由栽植前的10.06下降至9.36)。以上结果表明蓝花草对采石场废石的适应性最好,对改良赤泥的适应性最差,对锰尾矿渣的适应性类似于红壤且具有一定的锰富集能力;蓝花草可应用于这3种矿业废弃地的生态修复,具体的应用措施需基于其适应性采用不同的基质改良与定植技术。

水体生态修复技术和水环境标准研究进展

随着生态文明建设的深入推进,水体生态修复与保护技术和处理标准的研究成为生态环境领域的热点.文章分析了生物修复、物理处理和化学处理等技术在不同类型水体中的应用效果和局限性,系统梳理了国内外水体生态修复标准的类型、适用范围和等级划分.并提出了未来研究的可能方向,包括聚焦技术的集成及优化策略、修复效果的长周期评估方法及对社会经济的影响.文章特别强调了生态修复技术与综合水资源管理策略相互融合的紧迫性与必要性,以实现水生态系统的长效精准修复和可持续发展.

Ecological processes, remediation and regulation of contaminated soils

Land is used for agricultural production, industrial development, urban construction, and environmental beautification, thus soil environment is an important component of living ecosystems for human survival.……

Ecological conservation, remediation and construction for building an ecological civilization in China: concepts for ecological activity

This paper explains and discusses the concepts of ecological conservation and construction in China in three parts. The first part provides a brief description of the historical background of ecological activities in China and their major achievements in the past. The second part is a comprehensive review of various types of ecological control activity aimed at the improvement of natural and artificially established ecosystems at the landscape,regional(watershed) and higher levels. The scope of and differences between some ecological terms used in China such as ecological protection, conservation, remediation(rehabilitation), restoration as well as the reestablishment of new ecosystems are elaborated. The review suggests that the term "ecological conservation and construction"should be used to embrace all types of ecological control activity in China. Finally, five guidelines are proposed for promoting the implementation of ecological conservation and construction in China based on the two important governmental documents related to the development of ecological civilization in China.

安徽矾矿土壤重金属污染源解析模型对比与优选

矿区资源开采导致土壤污染日益严重,直接影响周边土壤、水体环境的稳定性,精准预测重金属污染源解析对矿山修复、治理具有重要指导作用。在前期研究基础上,为提升土壤介质模型的解释度,进一步选取了土壤重金属源解析评价中成熟度高且精准性好的正定矩阵因子分析法(positive matrix factorization, PMF)及绝对因子分析-多元线性回归(absolute factor analysis-multiple linear regression, APCS-MLR)模型,以充实前期UNMIX多元受体模型分析矾矿土壤重金属污染来源及源贡献率的结果,结合生态风险评价方法,对比定量条件下最适宜解析研究区域源的模型。结果表明:1)生态高风险区域主要集中在研究区南部和东部,Cd是矿山主要风险元素,地累积指数(index of geoaccumulation)均值3.75与潜在生态风险指数(potential ecological risk index)均值731.22解析结果高度一致,但潜在生态危害指数的结果综合性更好。2)对比3种模型的污染源解析结果,PMF模型解析出4个污染源:分别为燃煤源、自然-交通综合源、自然源和大气沉降源,源贡献率分别为38.15%、20.62%、24.28%、16.95%。3)PMF模型的总体变量拟合优度R2达到了0.96,拟合效果最好。PMF模型模拟数据会集中采样点误差,确定最适污染源数目及相应污染物贡献率,使得源解析结果更精准,更适用于复杂的矿山污染土壤情况,符合实际研究情况。该研究结果可为后续矿区开采后污染土壤的修复治理工作提供溯源依据参考。

苜蓿草田间作功能植物对苜蓿蓟马及天敌小花蝽种群的影响

本研究将苜蓿Medicago sativa与百脉根Lotus corniculatus、红豆草Onobrychis viciifolia、白三叶Trifolium repens、小冠花Coronilla varia及除虫菊Tanacetum cinerariifolium等不同功能植物以不同比例进行间作,在田间系统监测基础上,研究基于有害生物推拉策略和生物多样性保护的苜蓿蓟马生态调控技术。结果表明,苜蓿刈割前,苜蓿草田内蓟马及天敌小花蝽Orius similis的数量均显著高于对应间作的功能植物区;刈割1周后,与百脉根、红豆草、白三叶和除虫菊间作的苜蓿草田内小花蝽种群密度显著下降,对应的功能植物区内小花蝽数量显著上升,其中,百脉根、红豆草及白三叶3种功能植物区内小花蝽种群密度分别由刈割前的3.67头/10复网、3.00头/10复网、3.67头/10复网增加到了刈割1周后的11.50头/10复网、29.17头/10复网、15.00头/10复网,分别是刈割前的3.13倍、9.73倍和4.09倍,苜蓿草田内蓟马种群密度显著下降,对应不同功能植物区内蓟马种群密度不同,在红豆草和白三叶功能植物区内显著升高,而在其它区内刈割前无显著差异;刈割2周后,苜蓿再生期蓟马种群密度显著上升,各功能植物区内的小花蝽密度显著下降,与其间作的苜蓿草田内小花蝽种群数量显著增加;刈割3~4周后,随着苜蓿草田内蓟马种群密度的下降,其天敌小花蝽种群数量显著下降,不同功能植物区间小花蝽及蓟马种群密度变化不显著。苜蓿与五种功能植物以4:1比例间作对蓟马的调控效果由高到低依次为白三叶,除虫菊,红豆草,百脉根,小冠花。本研究为保护苜蓿草田生态系统天敌发挥生态效能提供可借鉴的策略与方法。

十大孔兑复合侵蚀区泥沙阻控与近自然生态修复关键科学技术问题

十大孔兑复合侵蚀区水力侵蚀严重、产沙输沙机理复杂、治理难度大、流域水沙风沙入黄量大、生态系统稳定性差。在阐述区域防沙治沙背景、研究现状与目标基础上,指出需要解决的3个重大关键科学问题:十大孔兑复合侵蚀及洪沙产输的驱动机制,维持植被生态系统稳定性的广义水资源承载力及其阈值,十大孔兑泥沙阻控技术和近自然生态修复技术研发与集成。归纳科技创新项目拟解决的关键技术问题,并梳理分解为6个方面的研究内容:风水复合水土流失过程辨识及水沙合理处置的生态修复空间区划,基于不同生态修复空间布局和乡土植物优化配置的泥沙有效阻控技术研发,山水林田湖草沙多维梯级协同治理技术研发,基于水资源刚性约束的人工退化植被稳定性维持与提质增效技术研发,多位一体近自然生态修复技术体系与模式构建,罕台川丘陵沟壑区、达拉特旗“三北”工程治理区、黑赖沟恩格贝生态建设区等示范研究。

排土场不同培肥模式团聚体有机碳的累积效应

[目的]研究不同培肥模式对沙棘林下的植被多样性,土壤团聚体的发育、稳定性及有机碳库恢复的影响,为矿区露天矿植被重建,土壤质量改善及团聚体碳库恢复提供依据。[方法]基于内蒙古黑岱沟露天矿内排土场沙棘示范基地,通过调查植被种群并采集土壤团聚体样品,分析丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)及其他因素(风化煤、绿肥)联合的培肥模式对于露天矿排土场植被恢复区前期土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳恢复的影响。[结果]在6种培肥模式下,对林下植被丰富度及多样性提高效果最好的是施用绿肥并添加风化煤(沙绿风)处理;对团聚体发育及稳定性影响效果最显著的是接种AMF并施用绿肥(沙接绿)的试验组。对团聚体有机碳及全氮作用效果的分析表明,沙接绿处理下宏观团聚体有机碳和全氮显著高于仅接种AMF(沙接)处理。[结论]不同培肥模式对沙棘林下的植被多样性、土壤团聚体的发育、稳定性及有机碳库恢复具有积极作用。在露天矿植被重建时,应采用接种AMF、施用绿肥及风化煤等方式,提高土壤有机碳含量,促进团聚体发育。

浅谈自然恢复在安徽省矿山生态修复中的应用

自然恢复已作为生态修复的一种常用方法,应用于安徽省历史遗留废弃矿山生态修复工作中,但人们对自然恢复方法的认知却不够深入。本文通过对四个采用自然恢复方法进行修复的废弃矿山案例进行分析研究,发现自然恢复需具备一定条件,同时人工干预和技术支持能够提高生态系统的自我修复能力,为自然恢复提供辅助作用。自然恢复具有经济投入小、再次干扰破坏小等优势,对安徽省矿山生态修复工作具有非常重要的现实意义。

生态环境损害民事责任中劳务代偿的证成及其展开

劳务代偿的适用并不遵循修复责任的归责要件,且无法实现等值重建或更换受损生态环境的目标,其性质应为“以金钱给付为内容的责任承担方式的执行(履行)方式”,而非环境司法普遍认为的替代性修复方式,故劳务抵偿的对象不以修复费用为限。其适用范围应明确为“自然人应当承担生态环境损害民事责任,同时量化的损害数额不大且该责任人家庭经济困难无力履行金钱给付义务”的案件。将劳务代偿作为生效裁判的执行方式,宜采用修改司法解释或发布指导性案例的模式明晰其适用条件、折抵标准、经济状况证明责任分配规则等,同时需要探索建立劳务代偿执行方案制定和实施的协作机制,充分发挥行政机关的专业优势,促成责任依法、全面履行。

施加生物炭对土壤理化性质的影响及其农业应用

生物炭是以农业生物质为原料,在限氧条件下经高温热解制成的一类高度芳香化难溶性固态物质。在土壤固碳、温室气体减排、土壤改良及微生物应用等方面均具有潜在功效。总结近年来国内外在生物炭及其改性土特性和生物炭在微生物、环境、农业等领域的应用价值与发展前景研究,考虑生物炭基本性质,重点分析生物炭改性土理化性质、水-力特性与其基本性质相关关系以及生物炭技术应用前景。结果如下,①生物炭理化性质差异主要受制备生物炭的生物质原料和热解温度影响;②生物炭施加到土体中可改变土体理化性质,如:土体颗粒相对密度、孔隙结构和pH等,影响土体的水-力特性;③生物炭在农业、生态和环境领域的应用易受其孔隙率、比表面积和吸附性能等因素影响。研究综述添加生物炭对土体基本特性影响,指出目前研究不足,为更深入地了解生物炭技术应用及在新技术领域发展提供参考依据。