The Structure of Insoluble Pectinates and Alginates of Polyvalent Metals Based on IR Spectra Data

Using the method of IR spectroscopy it was ascertained that in pectinates and alginates of polyvalent metals the coordination bonds between cations Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and the oxygen atoms of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, pyranose cycle and glycosidic linkage of polyuronides, the water molecules are formed. It was also ascertained that Cu2+ cations form asymmetrical structures with carboxyl groups of polyuronides (monodentate ligands) and cations of other metals—symmetrical structures with carboxyl groups of polyuronides (bidentate ligands).

Influence of Alginates on Tube Nerve Grafts of Different Elasticity - Preliminary <i>in Vivo</i>Study

This preliminary research project has been conducted to evaluate different elastic polymer materials in terms of their applicability in peripheral nerve regeneration. Poly(tetrafluoroetylene-co-difluorovinylidene-co-propylene), poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide), and polyurethane were used for the manufacture of tubular implants. Alginate sodium gel and fibers were used as a scaffold to fill in tube nerve grafts and enhance nerve regeneration. The tubes were implanted to reconstruct a 10 mm gap in the sciatic nerve in rats. After 3, 7, 14, 28 days the tubes were retrieved for histological examination. Among tested tubes polyurethane implants were found to be the most suitable because of their mechanical and surgical properties. Other tested implants were found to be unfavorable due to their inappropriate rigidity, elasticity or surgical convenience. Alginate transformation into dense gel form was observed that hindered inner tube space cellular colonization. In consequence of this transformation nerve regeneration was inhibited inside tube nerve grafts. Histological examination showed massive colonization of the implants with Schwann cells, and growth of new axons was found within Schwann cells growing on tubes external surface. Appropriate time rates for alginate gelation and dissolving must be determined to allow undisturbed tissue growth and maturation.

White-light-induced synthesis of injectable alginate-based composite hydrogels for rapid hemostasis

Dear Editor,Timely and effective hemostasis is of great significance for reducing body damage and mortality of patients [1]. Alginate is generally considered to be an excellent hemostatic polymer-based biomaterial and has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as Generally Recognized as Safe [2]. However, the violent crosslinking reaction and unstable structure at the wound site limit its clinical applications. Hence, we report a biocompatible and injectable composite hydrogel methacrylate alginate (Alg-AEMA)-based Eosin Y/N-phenylglycine (NPG)-initiated composite hydrogel (AEC) composed of photocrosslinkable alginate, viscosity modifiers and novel white light photoinitiator, namely Eosin Y/NPG system, for instant hemorrhage control.

A comparative study for petroleum removal capacities of the bacterial consortia entrapped in sodium alginate,sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol),and bushnell haas agar

The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the degradation efficiencies of free and entrapped bacterial consortia(Staphylococcus capitis CP053957.1 and Achromobacter marplatensis MT078618.1)to different polymers such as Sodium Alginate(SA),Sodium Alginate/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)(SA/PVA),and Bushnell Haas Agar(BHA).In addition to SA and SA/PVA,which are cost-effective,non-toxic and have different functional groups,BHA,which is frequently encountered in laboratory-scale studies but has not been used as an entrapment material until now.Based on these,the polymers with different surface morphologies and chemical compositions were analyzed by SEM and FT-IR.While the petroleum removal efficiency was higher with the entrapped bacterial consortia than with the free one,BHA-entrapped bacterial consortium enhanced the petroleum removal more than SA and SA/PVA.Accordingly,the degradation rate of bacterial consortia entrapped with BHA was 2.039 day^(-1),SA/PVA was 1.560,SA was 0.993,the half-life period of BHA-entrapped bacterial consortia is quite low(t_(1/2)=0.339)compared with SA(t_(1/2)=0.444)and SA/PVA(t_(1/2)=0.697).The effects of the four main factors such as:amount of BHA(0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3 g),disc size(4,5,6,7,8 mm),inoculum concentration(1,2.5,5,7.5,10 mL),and incubation period on petroleum removal were also investigated.The maximum petroleum removal(94.5%)was obtained at≥2.5 mL of bacterial consortium entrapped in 2 g BHA with a 7 mm disc size at 168 h and the results were also confirmed by statistical analysis.Although a decrease was observed during the reuse of bacterial consortium entrapped in BHA,the petroleum removal was still above 50%at 10th cycle.Based on GC-MS analysis,the removal capacity of BHA-entrapped consortium was over 90%for short-chain n-alkanes and 80%for medium-chain n-alkanes.Overall,the obtained data are expected to provide a potential guideline in cleaning up the large-scale oil pollution in the future.Since there has been no similar study investigating petroleum removal with the bacterial consortia entrapped with BHA,this novel entrapment material can potentially be used in the treatment of petroleum pollution in advanced remediation studies.

Alginate oligosaccharide-mediated butyrate-HIF-1α axis improves skin aging in mice

The“gut-skin”axis has been proved and is considered as a novel therapy for the prevention of skin aging.The antioxidant efficacy of oligomannonic acid(MAOS)makes it an intriguing target for use to improve skin aging.The present study further explored whereby MAOS-mediated gut-skin axis balance prevented skin aging in mice.The data indicated the skin aging phenotypes,oxidative stress,skin mitochondrial dysfunction,and intestinal dysbiosis(especially the butyrate and HIF-1a levels decreased)in aging mice.Similarly,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)from aging mice rebuild the aging-like phenotypes.Further,we demonstrated MAOS-mediated colonic butyrate-HIF-1a axis homeostasis promoted the entry of butyrate into the skin,upregulated mitophagy level and ultimately improving skin aging via HDAC3/PHD/HIF-1a/mitophagy loop in skin of mice.Overall,our study offered a better insights of the effectiveness of alginate oligosaccharides(AOS),promised to become a personalized targeted therapeutic agents,on gut-skin axis disorder inducing skin aging.

Constructing a biofunctionalized 3D-printed gelatin/sodium alginate/chitosan tri-polymer complex scaffold with improvised biological andmechanical properties for bone-tissue engineering

Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering application.The present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue regeneration.We experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation.The resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)printing.Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural stability.The scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue engineering.The tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of gelatin.The enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue regeneration.In vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold surface.In addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its potential for use in bone-tissue engineering.

Chitosan/Sodium Alginate Multilayer pH-Sensitive Films Based on Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly for Intelligent Packaging

The abuse of plastic food packaging has brought about severe white pollution issues around the world.Developing green and sustainable biomass packaging is an effective way to solve this problem.Hence,a chitosan/sodium alginate-based multilayer film is fabricated via a layer-by-layer(LBL)self-assembly method.With the help of superior interaction between the layers,the multilayer film possesses excellent mechanical properties(with a tensile strength of 50 MPa).Besides,the film displays outstanding water retention property(blocking moisture of 97.56%)and ultraviolet blocking property.Anthocyanin is introduced into the film to detect the food quality since it is one natural plant polyphenol that is sensitive to the pH changes ranging from 1 to 13 in food when spoilage occurs.It is noted that the film is also bacteriostatic which is desired for food packaging.This study describes a simple technique for the development of advanced multifunctional and fully biodegradable food packaging film and it is a sustainable alternative to plastic packaging.

Eco-friendly calcium alginate microspheres enable enhanced profile control and oil displacement

Polymer microspheres(PMs),such as polyacrylamide,have been widely applied for enhanced oil recovery(EOR),yet with environmental concerns.Here,we report a microfluid displacement technology containing a bio-based eco-friendly material,i.e.,calcium alginate(CaAlg)microspheres for EOR.Two dominant mechanisms responsible for EOR over Ca Alg fluid have been verified,including the microscopic oil displacement efficacy augmented by regulating capillary force(determined by the joint action of interfacial tension and wettability between different phases)and macroscopic sweep volume increment through profile control and mobility ratio reduction.This comprehensive effectiveness can be further impacted when the CaAlg microsphere is embellished ulteriorly by using appropriate amount of sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS).The core flooding and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)tests demonstrate that CaAlg-SDS microsphere can balance the interphase property regulation(wettability alteration and IFT reduction)and rheology properties,enabling simultaneous profile control and oil displacement.Excessive introduction of SDS will have a negative impact on rheological properties,which is not favored for EOR.Our results show that the involvement of 4-m M SDS will provide the best behavior,with an EOR rate of 34.38%.This cost-effective and environmentally-friendly bio-microspherebased microfluidic displacement technology is expected to achieve“green”oil recovery in future oilfield exploitation.

Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis Illuminates the Molecular Mechanisms of the Drought Resistance Improved by Alginate Oligosaccharides in Triticum aestivum L.

Alginate oligosaccharides(AOS)enhance drought resistance in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),but the definite mechanisms remain largely unknown.The physiological and transcriptome responses of wheat seedlings treated with AOS were analyzed under drought stress simulated with polyethylene glycol-6000.The results showed that AOS promoted the growth of wheat seedlings and reduced oxidative damage by improving peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities under drought stress.A total of 10,064 and 15,208 differentially expressed unigenes(DEGs)obtained from the AOS treatment and control samples at 24 and 72 h after dehydration,respectively,were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites(phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,flavonoid biosynthesis),carbohydrate metabolism(starch and sucrose metabolism,carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms),lipid metabolism(fatty acid elongation,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,alpha-linolenic acid metabolism,cutin,suberine and wax biosynthesis),and signaling transduction pathways.The up-regulated genes were related to,for example,chlorophyll a-b binding protein,amylosynthease,phosphotransferase,peroxidase,phenylalanine ammonia lyase,flavone synthase,glutathione synthetase.Signaling molecules(including MAPK,plant hormones,H_(2)O_(2) and calcium)and transcription factors(mainly including NAC,MYB,MYB-related,WRKY,bZIP family members)were involved in the AOS-induced wheat drought resistance.The results obtained in this study help underpin the mechanisms of wheat drought resistance improved by AOS,and provides a theoretical basis for the application of AOS as an environmentally sustainable biological method to improve drought resistance in agriculture.

Fabrication of Core-Shell Hydrogel Bead Based on Sodium Alginate and Chitosan for Methylene Blue Adsorption

A novel core-shell hydrogel bead was fabricated for effective removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions.The core,made of sodium alginate-g-polyacrylamide and attapulgite nanofibers,was cross-linked by Calcium ions(Ca^(2+)).The shell,composed of a chitosan/activated carbon mixture,was then coated onto the core.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the grafting polymerization of acrylamide onto sodium alginate.Scanning electron microscopy images showed the core-shell structure.The core exhibited a high water uptake ratio,facilitating the diffusion of methylene blue into the core.During the diffusion process,the methylene blue was first adsorbed by the shell and then further adsorbed by the core.Adsorption tests showed that the coreshell structure had a larger adsorption capacity than the core alone.The shell effectively enhanced the adsorption capacity to methylene blue compared to the single core.Methylene blue was adsorbed by activated carbon and chitosan in the shell,and the residual methylene blue diffused into the core and was further adsorbed.

Preparation and release of curcumin/silk fibroin/sodium alginate film

The aim of this study was to prepare silk fibroin/sodium alginate composite film containing curcumin by casting method.Orthogonal test was used to optimize the formulation according to the values of tensile strength and elongation at break.The release of curcumin in the optimal film was studied in order to explore its application as wound dressing.The results showed that the optimum composition of curcumin/silk fibroin/sodium alginate composite film was as follows:Silk fibroin(70 mg/mL)2.7 g,sodium alginate(24 mg/mL)0.84 g,span 40(5.0 mg/mL)0.4 g,glycerol(3.75%,V/V)3 mL,curcumin(0.2 mg/mL)0.016 g.The optimum film showed the tensile strength and the elongation at break was(0.628±0.032)MPa and(0.794±0.046)%,respectively.

Application of alginate in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)represents a chronic inflammatory condition profoundly impacting the gastrointestinal tract.Its prevalence has markedly risen in both developed and developing nations over recent decades.Despite the absence of definitive etiological elucidation,therapeutic strategies predominantly revolve around pharmacological interventions aimed at symptom mitigation.Alginate(AG)is a polysaccharide of marine origin that has garnered significant attention due to its inherent biocompatibility,pH sensitivity,and cross-linking.Its exploration within drug delivery systems for IBD treatment stems from its natural sourcing,non-cytotoxic nature,and economic viability.Notably,AG demonstrates facile interpolymeric cross-linking,facilitating the formation of a cohesive network conducive to sustained drug release kinetics.AG-based carrier systems for sustained drug release,and targeted drug delivery have been widely studied.This article reviews the pathogenesis of IBD and the current drugs,AG-based drug delivery systems and their properties in alleviating IBD.The prospect of further development of AG in the field of biopharmaceutical and drug delivery is prospected.

壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠/海藻酸钠/益母草碱水凝胶的抗炎与促成骨作用

背景:益母草碱具有改善微循环、抗氧化、抗细胞凋亡、清除自由基、抗炎、抗纤维化等多种生物活性作用,并且可促进骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化,具有应用于牙周炎治疗的潜能。目的:探讨益母草碱负载于壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠/海藻酸钠水凝胶的抗炎与促成骨作用。方法:①分别制备壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠/海藻酸钠水凝胶(空白水凝胶)与壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠/海藻酸钠/益母草碱水凝胶(载药水凝胶),将两种水凝胶分别培养RAW 264.7细胞、MC3T3-E1细胞,利用CCK-8实验与活/死细胞染色检测水凝胶的细胞毒性。②将RAW 264.7细胞分5组培养:空白组常规培养24 h,脂多糖组加入脂多糖,单独水凝胶组加入脂多糖与空白水凝胶,载药水凝胶组加入脂多糖与载药水凝胶,抑制剂组加入脂多糖、载药水凝胶与PI3K抑制剂LY294002,处理24 h后,利用qRT-PCR法检测炎症相关因子mRNA表达,Western Blotting检测炎症相关因子与PI3K/AKT信号通路的蛋白表达。③将MC3T3-E1细胞分4组培养:空白组不加入任何材料,单独水凝胶组加入空白水凝胶,载药水凝胶组加入载药水凝胶,抑制剂组加入载药水凝胶与PI3K抑制剂LY294002,处理7 d后,进行碱性磷酸酶染色,利用qRT-PCR检测成骨相关因子mRNA表达水平,Western Blotting检测PI3K/AKT信号通路的蛋白表达。结果与结论:①CCK-8实验与活/死细胞染色结果显示,两种水凝胶无细胞毒性作用,具有良好的细胞相容性;②与空白组相比,脂多糖组白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β的mRNA与蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),p-AKT、p-PI3K、p-p65、p-IκBα的蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与脂多糖组比较,载药水凝胶组上述指标的mRNA与蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05);与载药水凝胶组相比,抑制剂组上述指标的mRNA与蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05);③载药水凝胶组碱性磷酸酶活性高于空白组、单独水凝胶组、抑制剂组(P<0.05);与空白组相比,单独水凝胶组碱性磷酸酶、Runx2、骨钙素与Ⅰ型胶原的mRNA表达升高(P<0.05),p-AKT、p-PI3K的蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与单独水凝胶组相比,载药水凝胶组上述指标的mRNA与蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05);与载药水凝胶组相比,抑制剂组上述指标的mRNA与蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05);④结果表明,壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠/海藻酸钠/益母草碱水凝胶具有抗炎与促成骨作用,该作用可能与调控PI3K/AKT信号通路相关。

携载microRNA-140外泌体/海藻酸钠/胶原水凝胶修复关节软骨损伤

背景:研究已证实,上调microRNA-140表达可部分抑制膝关节软骨组织与细胞的骨关节炎样改变,延缓骨关节炎进程,提示microRNA-140参与了骨关节炎的发病机制。目的:采用海藻酸钠/胶原水凝胶负载过表达microRNA-140的外泌体,进一步分析microRNA-140参与骨关节炎的相关机制。方法:利用慢病毒感染大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞使其过表达microRNA-140,随后分离提取外泌体,得到过表达microRNA-140的外泌体。制备负载外泌体的海藻酸钠/胶原水凝胶。采用随机数字表法将32只SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组8只:正常对照组不进行任何处理,骨关节炎组、未转染外泌体组、转染外泌体组均通过膝关节腔内注射碘乙酸钠的方式建立骨关节炎模型,造模2周后,骨关节炎组膝关节腔内注射PBS,未转染外泌体组、转染外泌体组膝关节腔内分别注射负载未过表达microRNA-140与过表达microRNA-140外泌体的海藻酸钠/胶原水凝胶。造模后第6周,检测大鼠机械刺激缩足反应阈值、滑膜液炎症因子浓度、软骨相关基因表达、膝关节软骨组织的组织学变化与焦亡相关蛋白表达。结果与结论:①与正常对照组比较,骨关节炎组机械刺激缩足反应阈值、Ⅱ型胶原及SOX9 mRNA表达、Ⅱ型胶原免疫荧光强度均减少(P<0.05),滑膜液中促炎症因子水平增加(P<0.05),基质金属蛋白酶13、血小板反应蛋白解整合素金属肽酶5(ADAMTS5)mRNA表达增加(P<0.05),NLRP3、ASC、GSDMD p30、caspase-1 p20、白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素18蛋白表达均增加(P<0.05),GSDMD、cleaved caspase-1免疫荧光强度增强(P<0.05),软骨组织损伤严重。②与骨关节炎组比较,两外泌体组机械刺激缩足反应阈值、Ⅱ型胶原及SOX9 mRNA表达、Ⅱ型胶原免疫荧光强度均增加(P<0.05),滑膜液中促炎症因子水平减少(P<0.05),基质金属蛋白酶13 mRNA表达减少(P<0.05),NLRP3、ASC、GSDMD p30、caspase-1 p20、白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素18的蛋白表达均减少(P<0.05),GSDMD、cleaved caspase-1的免疫荧光强度减弱(P<0.05),软骨组织损伤减轻(P<0.05),并且转染外泌体组的作用更强。③结果表明,microRNA-140可通过抑制炎症、维持软骨稳态、抑制软骨焦亡来减轻骨关节炎大鼠的疼痛反应,降低软骨损伤,发挥骨关节炎治疗作用。

海藻酸盐基复合水凝胶培养乳腺癌类器官中钙离子的关键作用

背景:基质胶是当前培养肿瘤类器官的主要材料,但单纯基质胶不足以在体外模拟肿瘤生长的力学环境;在基质胶基础上引入海藻酸盐材料可提升水凝胶刚度,但水凝胶力学性能在长期培养中难以维持稳定。目的:在乳腺癌类器官培养体系中引入少量钙离子,观察其对基质胶-海藻酸钠水凝胶长期力学性能的维持作用。方法:(1)在恒定质量浓度(5 mg/m L)的基质胶中引入不同质量浓度(0,2.5,5 mg/m L)的海藻酸钠,分别制备低、中、高刚度水凝胶,使用流变仪定期测量水凝胶的力学性能。(2)将人三阴性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231重悬于不同刚度的水凝胶预凝胶中,成胶后加入含(或不含)钙离子的乳腺癌类器官因子培养基,进行乳腺癌类器官培养,在设定的时间点,使用流变仪定期测量引入钙离子对水凝胶力学性能的影响,光学显微镜下观察乳腺癌类器官形态变化,统计第13天乳腺癌类器官成球率。乳腺癌类器官培养7 d后,加入不同浓度(0.1,1,10,100 nmol/L)的化疗药物多西他赛干预6 d,检测细胞活力,计算多西他赛的半抑制浓度IC_(50)。结果与结论:(1)海藻酸钠的加入有效提高了水凝胶的力学强度。(2)随着乳腺癌类器官培养时间的延长,水凝胶的力学强度均降低,培养第13天,中、高刚度水凝胶在含钙离子培养环境中的力学性能均显著高于在不含钙离子培养环境中的力学性能(P<0.05),低刚度水凝胶在两种培养环境中的力学性能无明显变化(P>0.05)。在长期培养中(13 d),中、高刚度水凝胶组乳腺癌类器官随水凝胶力学性能的下降由圆形转化为梭形,而引入钙离子后两组乳腺癌类器官形态不随培养时间延长而改变。在培养环境中引入钙离子对低刚度水凝胶组乳腺癌类器官成球率无影响,但可提升中、高刚度水凝胶组乳腺癌类器官成球率。(3)在不含钙离子的培养环境中,随着多西他赛浓度的升高,乳腺癌类器官的细胞活力均降低,3组水凝胶组间的IC_(50)无明显差异(P>0.05);在含钙离子的培养环境中,随着多西他赛浓度的升高,乳腺癌类器官的细胞活力均降低,中、高刚度水凝胶组乳腺癌类器官的细胞活力强于低刚度水凝胶组,IC_(50)高于低刚度水凝胶组(P<0.05)。(4)结果表明,在乳腺癌类器官培养体系中引入钙离子可维持基质胶-海藻酸钠水凝胶的力学性能。

Stiffness-tunable biomaterials provide a good extracellular matrix environment for axon growth and regeneration

Neuronal growth, extension, branching, and formation of neural networks are markedly influenced by the extracellular matrix—a complex network composed of proteins and carbohydrates secreted by cells. In addition to providing physical support for cells, the extracellular matrix also conveys critical mechanical stiffness cues. During the development of the nervous system, extracellular matrix stiffness plays a central role in guiding neuronal growth, particularly in the context of axonal extension, which is crucial for the formation of neural networks. In neural tissue engineering, manipulation of biomaterial stiffness is a promising strategy to provide a permissive environment for the repair and regeneration of injured nervous tissue. Recent research has fine-tuned synthetic biomaterials to fabricate scaffolds that closely replicate the stiffness profiles observed in the nervous system. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular matrix stiffness regulates axonal growth and regeneration. We highlight the progress made in the development of stiffness-tunable biomaterials to emulate in vivo extracellular matrix environments, with an emphasis on their application in neural repair and regeneration, along with a discussion of the current limitations and future prospects. The exploration and optimization of the stiffness-tunable biomaterials has the potential to markedly advance the development of neural tissue engineering.

3D打印中空管道双交联水凝胶组织工程支架

背景:在培养对结构、氧需求度较高的细胞时,需要构建一个具有中空管道结构的立体生物支架来保证细胞得到足够的营养与氧气。近年来,具有中空管道结构的水凝胶组织工程支架受到广泛关注。目的:以海藻酸钠为基础的生物支架材料结合同轴打印技术制备具有中空管道结构的组织工程支架,通过灌注方式接种细胞验证其生物相容性。方法:制备海藻酸钠-丙烯酰胺混合打印溶液,控制同轴打印过程中的内外层打印速度、海藻酸钠浓度、接收皿中氯化钙浓度等参数实现打印具有中空管道组织工程支架——海藻酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺双交联水凝胶,表征支架的微观形貌与弹性模量;将小鼠成纤维细胞灌注至组织工程支架中空管道内,利用活死细胞染色观察支架的细胞相容性。结果与结论:①通过探究打印过程中的打印参数,当内层打印速度不变时,中空管道的外径随着外层打印溶液的流速提升而提升,内径有略微提升;当外层打印溶液流速不变、内层溶液流速提升时,中空管道支架的外径基本不变,内径有明显提升;②实验结果显示海藻酸钠的最佳浓度为2.5%,过高的浓度不利于多层结构层与层之间的融合,过低的浓度制备出的水凝胶机械性能不足;③海藻酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺双交联水凝胶的弹性模量较高,普遍高于200 kPa,并且随着氯化钙浓度的提升而增大,在内层氯化钙浓度为2%、接收皿氯化钙浓度为0.3%时双交联水凝胶的弹性模量达到最大值(375 kPa);④组织工程支架灌注细胞体外培养后的活死细胞染色显示,细胞沿着中空管道轴向分布且具有较高的存活率,但细胞浓度小于灌注时的细胞浓度;⑤结果表明,海藻酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺双交联水凝胶具有较强的机械性能与良好的生物相容性,可应用在构建具有中空管道的组织工程支架中,并且“先制备支架、后接种细胞”的方式也避免了传统“细胞与打印溶液混合再进行制备”方式对支架材料及加工方式的限制。

Metal cation crosslinking of Ti O_2-alginate hybrid gels

In order to improve the substrate diffusion properties and stability of an immobilized enzyme alginate microgels modified with TiO2 nanoparticles were employed as the enzyme immobilizing support.Ionotropic gelation was applied for the preparation of hybrid gels while Ca2＋ Ce3＋ Ni2＋Cu2＋and Fe3＋were employed as the crosslinkers.Papain was selected as the model enzyme. UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed to investigate the activity of papain to evaluate kinetics and stability.Analysis results show that the highest affinity the lowest Michaelis-Menten constant Km =11.0 mg/mL and the highest stability are obtained when using Cu2＋as the crosslinker.The effect of the mass ratio of TiO2 to papain on the stability and leakage of papain is also investigated and the results show that 10∶1 TiO2∶papain is optimal because the proper use of TiO2 can reduce enzyme leakage and ensure enzyme stability.Preparing Cu/alginate/TiO2 hybrid gels via ionotropic gelation can provide a satisfactory diffusion capability and enzyme stability.

Decolorization of reactive dyes by laccase immobilized in alginate/gelatin blent with PEG

To achieve effective decolorization of reactive dyes,laccase immobilization was investigated.Laccase 0.2%(m/V)(Denilite IIS) was trapped in beads of alginate/gelatin blent with polyethylene glycol(PEG),and then the supporters were activated by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde.The results of repeated batch decolorization showed that gelatin and appropriate concentration of glutaraldehyde accelerated the decolorization of Reactive Red B-3BF(RRB);PEG had a positive effect on enzyme stability and led to an inc...

Effect of sodium alginate on reverse flotation of hematite and its mechanism

Given the gradual increase in the chlorite content of hematite ores, pulp properties seriously deteriorate during flotation. The traditional anion reverse flotation of hematite cannot effectively eliminate the effects of chlorite, leading to a significant decrease in the total Fe(TFe) grade of the concentrate. In this work, the effect of sodium alginate on the reverse flotation of hematite was systematically investigated. Flotation tests of artificially mixed ores were conducted, and the results showed that sodium alginate can significantly improve the removal rates of quartz and chlorite. The adsorption measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle tests demonstrated that sodium alginate adsorbs on the quartz surface by chelating with calcium ions, thereby weakening the steric hindrance of oleate ions and increasing the adsorption capacity of sodium oleate to ultimately improve the removal rate of quartz. Furthermore, owing to its lower density and fine particle size, chlorite is easily entrained into the foam layer. Sodium alginate dramatically increases the liquid-to-gas ratio of the foam layer by increasing pulp viscosity, thereby increasing the entrainment rate of chlorite and finally improving its removal rate. The core content of this thesis bears significance in improving the Fe grade in the reverse flotation of chlorite-containing hematite.