Preparation of Alkali-soluble Pachymaran Rice Wine

[Objectives] This study was conducted to determine the optimum process conditions for the preparation of alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine. [Methods] A new type of alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine was prepared by mixing and fermenting alkali-soluble pachymaran and glutinous rice as raw materials. The sensory score was used as the evaluation index to investigate the effects of three factors including the amount of alkali-soluble pachymaran, inoculation amount and fermentation temperature on the quality of the alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine. The fermentation process of the rice wine was then optimized by an orthogonal experiment. [Results] With the proportion of the alkali-soluble pachymaran added of 0.4%, the inoculation amount of 0.6% and the fermentation temperature at 30 ℃, the sensory score of the prepared rice wine was the highest, which was 93.5 points. The alkali-soluble pachymaran rice wine prepared under above conditions was rich in flavor and tasted sweet and sour. [Conclusions] The production of the new rice wine and the understanding of the development history of rice wine will provide reference for the future development of rice wine industry, and provide research directions for the development of new health drinks.

Comparative Study of Water-soluble and Alkali-soluble Hemicelluloses Extracted by Hydrothermal Pretreatment

The purpose of this study was to explore the differences of the hemicelluloses extracted by hydrothermal pretreatment using water and alkaline solutions(Na OH or KOH). The physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of two water-soluble and four alkali-soluble hemicelluloses extracted from the triploid of Populus tomentosa Carr. through the hydrothermal pretreatment were comparatively studied. It was observed that the alkalis(Na OH and KOH) were more effective than distilled water as extractants. Sugar analysis showed that xylose(66.83%~86.49%) was the major constituent, followed by glucose(6.83%~18.49%). Mannose(1.40%~8.42%), galactose(2.17%~4.05%), and arabinose(0.21%~2.26%) were also detected in the hemicellulosic fractions. The results of gelpermeation chromatography(GPC) indicated that the hemicelluloses extracted using the alkaline solutions had relatively higher molecular weights than those solubilized in distilled water. Further, based on spectroscopic ~1Hnuclear magnetic resonance(~1H-NMR) and two-dimensional heteronuclear singular quantum correlation(2D-HSQC) analyses, it was confirmed that the hemicellulosic fractions had a major structure of(1→4)-b-D-xylan and a minor structure of(1→4)-a-D-glucan with small amounts of substituted sugars and glucuronic acid attached.

Preparation and Development of Alkali-soluble Poria Polysaccharide Tough Biscuits

[Objectives]This study was conducted to obtain the best formula for alkali-soluble Poria polysaccharide tough biscuits.[Methods]Based on low-gluten flour as the main raw material and alkali-soluble Poria polysaccharide,baking soda,salt,butter and sugar as auxiliary materials,single-factor test and orthogonal optimization of the addition amounts of alkali-soluble Poria polysaccharide,salt and white sugar were carried out,and the prepared biscuits were subjected to sensory evaluation to get the best formula.[Results]The optimal process parameters of the alkali-soluble Poria polysaccharide tough biscuits were:alkali-soluble Poria polysaccharide addition amount 12%,salt addition amount 1.5%,white sugar addition amount 14%,and the sensory evaluation score obtained under this condition was 88.7.[Conclusions]The alkali-soluble Poria polysaccharide biscuits prepared according to the best formula had the characteristics of neat shape,uniform thickness,fine internal structure,obvious layers,and crisp,rosy and sweet taste.This study increases the flavor and nutritional value of biscuits,enriches the types of biscuits,and provides a certain theoretical basis for the production of alkali-soluble Poria polysaccharide tough biscuits.

羧甲基茯苓多糖阻遏亚慢性应激诱发的抑郁样行为

探讨羧甲基茯苓多糖在缓解亚慢性应激诱发的抑郁样行为中的作用。通过连续2周温和不可预知应激,在造模的后7 d,每日分别用0.1、0.2、0.4 g/kg羧甲基茯苓多糖干预模型小鼠。采用16S rRNA高通量测序法分析小鼠肠道菌群组成,ELISA法测定血清中炎性因子水平,分别用LC-MS和GC-MS法测定粪便中神经递质和短链脂肪酸含量,并通过强迫游泳、高架十字迷宫和旷场实验测定小鼠抑郁样行为。结果表明,与模型组相比,低、中剂量的羧甲基茯苓多糖均能不同程度改善抑郁样行为,并改变肠道菌群的组成,降低革兰氏阴性菌的相对丰度(P<0.05);中剂量能够显著降低血清中IL-6 (P<0.01)和IL-2 (P<0.05)的水平;各剂量可通过调节Lactobacillus和Parabacteroides的丰度,显著下调异戊酸、NE、5-HT以及Ach的含量,从而减少IL-6的过量释放。综上,羧甲基茯苓多糖可通过调节肠道菌群组成,抑制肠源性异戊酸、NE、5-HT以及Ach的释放,降低抑郁症相关的炎性因子IL-6和IL-2的水平,从而有效阻遏亚慢性应激诱发的抑郁样行为。

茯苓多糖通过SQLE/NLRP3/GSDMD信号通路调控肝癌细胞焦亡

目的:应用生物信息学分析技术初步探索肝细胞癌(HCC)脂代谢异常差异表达基因,并结合实验验证,探讨茯苓多糖通过角鲨烯环氧酶(SQLE)/核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)/消皮素D(GSDMD)信号通路影响细胞焦亡的分子机制。方法:(1)利用GEO、GSEA、DAVID、STRING和GEPIA数据库筛选HCC脂代谢异常差异表达基因。(2)收集HCC患者肿瘤组织(n=9)验证SQLE基因的差异表达。(3)培养人HCC细胞系HepG2,采用CCK-8法筛选茯苓多糖浓度。(4)将HepG2细胞分为对照组和茯苓多糖(800 mg/L)组,划痕实验观察细胞迁移能力,RT-qPCR检测细胞中SQLE的mRNA表达水平。(5)进一步采用构建过表达SQLE(OE-SQLE)的HepG2细胞,再用茯苓多糖处理,分为5组:对照组、过表达阴性对照(OE-NC)组、OE-SQLE组、OE-NC+茯苓多糖组和OESQLE+茯苓多糖组。RT-qPCR和Western blot检测SQLE和焦亡相关因子的mRNA及蛋白表达水平;比色法检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性;ELISA法检测白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和IL-18释放水平;流式细胞术检测细胞坏死水平。结果:生物信息学分析筛选出差异表达基因SQLE。HCC患者肿瘤标本验证SQLE的mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.01)。800 mg/L茯苓多糖干预48 h对HepG2细胞活力具有显著抑制作用,且可显著降低SQLE的mRNA表达水平(P<0.01)。SQLE过表达后,焦亡相关因子的mRNA和蛋白表达水平、细胞坏死水平,以及LDH、IL-1β和IL-18释放水平均显著降低(P<0.05);茯苓多糖干预后,上述指标均显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:SQLE在HCC中异常高表达;茯苓多糖可通过SQLE激活NLRP3/GSDMD焦亡通路,从而影响HCC细胞生长。

羧甲基茯苓多糖的生物活性与食品应用

羧甲基茯苓多糖(CMP)是茯苓水不溶性多糖的羧甲基化修饰产物,具有调节免疫、抑菌抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、肝损伤保护和调节肠道菌群等多种生物活性,在功能性食品、活性分子载体、药物等领域有着广泛的应用前景。文章聚焦近年来国内外对CMP的研究,综述了CMP的生物活性、制备鉴定和应用开发,并对CMP的未来发展方向进行了展望。

Adsorption,in vitro digestion and human gut microbiota regulation characteristics of three Poria cocos polysaccharides

Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysaccharide(WSP)is extracted and applied for clinical application,while insoluble polysaccharide(alkali-soluble poria polysaccharide,ASP)is discarded as herb residue.However,the whole PC has also been historically utilized as functional herbal food.Considering the beneficial role of dietary fiber and the traditional use of PC,ASP may also contribute substantially to the therapy function of PC.Compared to WSP,little attention has been paid to ASP and ASP modified product carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide(CMP)which has been used as an antitumor adjuvant drug.In this study,the oil,cholesterol,metal ions and polyphenols adsorption ability,in vitro simulated digestive and the gut microbiota fermentation characteristics of WSP,ASP and CMP were studied to evaluate the functional values of three P.cocos polysaccharides(PCPs).The results showed that all three PCPs had good adsorption capacity on cholesterol,polyphenols and metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)),among which ASP showed the highest capacity than WSP and CMP.The adsorption capacity of all three PCPs on heavy metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+))was stronger than that of non-heavy metal ions(Mg^(2+));The in vitro digestibility of all three PCPs was very low,but WSP was slightly higher than ASP and CMP;Moreover,the indigestible residue of all three PCPs could improve the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,among which ASP had the greatest influence.In general,ASP and CMP could significantly promote the proliferation of some probiotics and inhibit the growth of some harmful bacteria.The gut microbiota diversity of CMP was reduced,but the richness of probiotics,especially Parabacteroides distasonis was significantly enhanced compared with the ASP group,and the growth of harmful bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited after CMP treatment.The short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)analysis results showed that all three PCPs could significantly promote the production of acetic acid,propionic acid and the total acid content compared with blank control group,and SCFAs producing activity was positively correlated with the proliferative capacity of probiotics.Taken together,the good adsorption characteristics and gut microbiota regulatory activity of ASP may lay foundation for its lipid-lowering and immune-improving function.Additionally,the probiotic effect of CMP and ASP indicated that except for only use the water extract of PC in clinic,CMP and ASP also can be used in healthcare to take full advantage of this valuable medicine.

茯苓多糖散质量控制研究

茯苓多糖是茯苓多糖散调节免疫功能的主要活性成分。为准确控制该制剂质量,应用分光光度法中苯酚-硫酸法测定茯苓多糖散中茯苓多糖的含量,分别从溶剂、测定波长、反应温度、反应时间、5%苯酚溶液加入量、硫酸加入量6个方面进行优化,筛选出最佳试验条件,并进一步开展线性关系、精密度、稳定性、重复性、加样回收率等方法学验证。结果显示,测定茯苓多糖最优试验条件为溶剂采用50%硫酸溶液,测定波长490 nm,25℃水浴条件反应40 min,5%苯酚加入量为1.8 mL,硫酸加入量为6.0 mL;D-无水葡萄糖在10.19~61.14μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(R^(2)=0.9994,n=6),平均回收率为99.31%。本法灵敏度高,精密度、稳定性、重复性良好,且准确可靠,可作为茯苓多糖散多糖含量的控制方法。

Immunomodulatory effect of pachymaran on cyclosporine A(CsA)-induced lung injury in mice

Objective To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of pachymaran on cyclosporine A(CsA)-induced lung injury in mice.Methods(i) Fifty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups(10 mice in each group): normal control(NC) group, 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg CsA groups, and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group. Except for the NC group, other groups underwent CsA modeling. The NC group was treated with phosphate-buffered saline(PBS), the LPS group with 10 mg/kg LPS eight hours before mice euthanized, and the 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg CsA groups with corresponding doses of CsA for seven consecutive days. After treatment, the body and organ mass of each group were weighed, and the lung, thymus, and spleen indexes were calculated. Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE) staining was performed to observe histopathological changes in the lungs of the mice. The protein expression levels of interleukin(IL)-2 and IL-1β in the blood were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and those of surfactant protein D(SP-D), IL-2, and IL-6 in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC). The mRNA expression levels of SP-D, IL-1β, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase(MPO) in the lung tissues were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR).(ii) Another 60 BALB/c mice were divided into six groups(10 mice in each group) : NC group,model control(MC) group, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg pachymaran groups, and polyinosinicpolycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] group. Except for the NC group, other groups underwent45 mg/kg CsA modeling. The NC and MC groups were treated with distilled water, the pachymaran groups with corresponding doses pachymaran, and the poly(I:C) group with 0.1 mg/kg poly(I:C) for seven days.The mice were euthanized to obtain tissues and serum for detection.Detection methods were identical to those described in(i) above.Results(i) CsA(30 mg/kg) increased the lung index of mice(P < 0.001), and decreased the spleen index(P < 0.01), thymus index(P < 0.05), and the serum level of IL-2(P < 0.05). CsA(45 mg/kg) decreased the spleen, thymus indexes, and the serum level of IL-2(P < 0.01) in mice, and increased the serum level of IL-1β(P < 0.05) and the protein level of lung SP-D(P <0.001). CsA(60 mg/kg) increased the lung index of mice(P < 0.01), the serum level of IL-1β(P < 0.05), the protein level of lung SP-D(P < 0.01), and the mRNA levels of lung MPO and SP-D( P < 0.05), and decreased the thymus index of mice(P < 0.01). HE staining showed that 30, 45, and60 mg/kg CsA, and LPS caused pathological changes in the lung tissue of mice.(ii) After pachymaran intervention in MC mice, the spleen and thymus indexes(P < 0.05) were increased in the 100 and 200 mg/kg pachymaran groups, and the lung index was decreased(P < 0.05).Moreover, 50 mg/kg pachymaran increased the thymus index(P < 0.05) and decreased the lung index(P < 0.01) in MC group. Pachymaran(50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) improved lung tissue injury, reduced the serum level of IL-1β(P < 0.001), and the mRNA levels of MPO and SPD in lung tissues(P < 0.05) of mice. Pachymaran(100 mg/kg) increased the protein level of lung IL-2(P < 0.01), decreased the protein level of lung SP-D(P < 0.01), and the mRNA level of IL-1β(P < 0.001) in the lung tissues of mice. Pachymaran(200 mg/kg) increased the serum level of IL-2(P < 0.01) and lung IL-6 of mice(P < 0.05). Pachymaran(50 and 200 mg/kg) increased the mRNA level of IL-6 in the lung tissues of mice(P < 0.05).Conclusion While the immune function of mice was suppressed by CsA, the lung tissue was also damaged. Pachymaran can improve the immunosuppression induced by CsA and improve the lung tissue injury in immunosuppressed mice.

茯苓多糖对免疫抑制小鼠粘膜淋巴组织及脾脏中CD3^+和CD19^+细胞变化的影响

目的:通过研究口服茯苓多糖对环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞亚群变化的作用,探讨茯苓多糖对肠道粘膜免疫与外周免疫系统作用的差异。方法:连续两周灌胃给予小鼠200 mg/(kg.d)茯苓多糖,在第14天腹腔注射100 mg/kg的环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制模型,24小时后处死小鼠分别取派氏结(PPs)、肠系膜淋巴结(MLNs)和脾脏(SP)细胞,进行CD3+、CD19+双色免疫荧光标记,上流式细胞仪检测。结果:腹腔注射100 mg/kg的环磷酰胺后,小鼠PPs、MLNs和SP中的CD3+细胞比例上升,CD19+细胞比例下降,口服茯苓多糖可以明显的对抗PPs、MLNs中的CD3+、CD19+细胞比例的变化,但对SP中的CD3+、CD19+细胞比例的变化的作用不显著。结论:口服茯苓多糖能有效对抗环磷酰胺诱导的淋巴细胞亚群的变化,尤其是对PPs作用明显,提示茯苓多糖对肠道粘膜免疫系统的作用强于对外周免疫系统的作用。

茯苓多糖对流感灭活疫苗的免疫增强作用

探讨茯苓多糖作为流感病毒灭活疫苗佐剂的免疫增强作用.将不同剂量(200μg或1 000μg)的茯苓多糖分别与低剂量(0.015μg)或高剂量(1.5μg)流感病毒(A/PR/8)灭活疫苗共同免疫小鼠,以相应剂量灭活疫苗的单独免疫组、灭活疫苗与氢氧化铝(100μg)共同免疫组、PBS免疫组作为对照组.一次免疫后3周收集血清,ELISA检测血清中IgG、IgG1和IgG2a的抗体水平;并用致死量(40×LD50)流感病毒(A/PR/8)攻击小鼠,通过观察小鼠的体重丢失率、肺部病毒量、存活率来反映佐剂的免疫增强效果和疫苗的保护作用.结果显示,茯苓多糖能显著增加血清抗体水平,并提高小鼠抗致死量流感病毒攻击的能力,其免疫增强效果与氢氧化铝相当.茯苓多糖可作为一种新型的流感病毒灭活疫苗的免疫佐剂.

全国20个主要产地茯苓质量分析比较研究

目的建立茯苓多糖和茯苓酸的含量测定方法,分析比较全国20个主要产地茯苓中茯苓多糖和茯苓酸的含量,为评价不同产地茯苓的质量品质提供依据。方法采用分光光度法测定茯苓多糖的含量,碱提,苯酚-浓硫酸显色,葡萄糖为对照品,检测波长490nm。采用RP-HPLC法测定茯苓酸的含量,Kromasil100-5C18色谱柱,柱温30℃,流动相为乙腈-0.2%甲酸(80:20),流速1.0mL/min,检测波长242nm。结果葡萄糖在40～200μg/mL范围内线性良好,r=0.9999,平均回收率为99.72%,RSD=0.99%;茯苓酸在0.48～2.40μg范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系,r=0.9997,平均回收率100.26%,RSD=1.26%。不同产地茯苓药材中茯苓多糖和茯苓酸的含量有较大差异,说明药材质量并不一致。结论该方法简便快速、准确可靠,为评价不同产地茯苓药材的质量提供了一种可靠的分析方法。

水溶性羧甲基茯苓次聚糖的合成及性能研究

羧甲基茯苓次聚糖具有明显的抗肿瘤活性,有希望作为优良的细胞药物响应的免疫促进剂。本文研究了水溶性羧甲基茯苓次聚糖的合成工艺,确定了β-茯苓次聚糖羧甲基化条件.并用IR、^(13)C NMR对化合物进行了结构表征。

羧甲基茯苓多糖对HPBL分泌IL-2、TNF、IL-6、IFN-γ的调节作用

用ＣＭＰ培养外周血淋巴细胞（ＨＰＢＬ）２４、３６、４８、７２ｈ采样检测的ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ效价分别可达１３．６±４．３，４１．９±２．０，１８３７．４±４６４．３，１０３７．９±２１１．０Ｕ／ｍｌ，分别比无ＣＭＰ的细胞培养对照组的效价高０．８，７．４，０．５，１０．９倍（Ｐ＜０．０１），说明ＣＭＰ具有ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ的诱生剂功能。由ＣＭＰ预处理ＨＰＢＬ后经ＰＨＡ和／或ＣｏｎＡ促诱生组的ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ效价分别比无ＣＭＰ的ＰＨＡ和／或ＣｏｎＡ刺激的相应常规诱生组高１．２～２．８，０．５～１．１、０．５～０．８、０．４～０．６倍（Ｐ＜０．０１），尤以ＣＭＰ＋ＰＨＡ＋ＣｏｎＡ促诱生细胞因子效果最佳（Ｐ＜０．０１），说明ＣＭＰ又具有ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ促诱生效应。

硫酸化茯苓多糖对帕金森模型鼠脑组织抗氧化能力的影响

目的:考察硫酸化茯苓多糖(SP)对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导的帕金森小鼠脑组织抗氧化能力的影响。方法:MPTP注射ICR小鼠制备帕金森病(PD)模型。将ICR小鼠随机分为5组:对照组、MPTP组和SP治疗组(50,100,150 mg/kg),腹腔注射给药。紫外分光光度法检测小鼠纹状体中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性和抗超氧阴离子活力以及过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量,HE染色观察小鼠脑组织形态学变化。结果:与模型组相比,在一定浓度范围内,SP治疗组小鼠纹状体GSH-Px、SOD、CAT、LDH活性及抗超氧阴离子活力有不同程度的升高,H_2O_2和MDA含量有不同程度的下降;海马区神经元排列密集有序,细胞间隙减小,神经元细胞形态结构有不同程度的恢复。结论:SP对MPTP诱导的神经元损伤具有神经保护作用,其潜在机制可能是提高脑组织抗氧化能力,减轻氧化应激反应。

辐照降解茯苓多糖效应研究

采用扫描电镜、水溶性糖含量检测、紫外光谱、红外光谱等分析方法,系统研究了不同剂量^(60)Co辐照处理对茯苓多糖的降解效应。结果表明,茯苓经辐照后,微观结构上颗粒变小、形状不规则,1000kGy和1200kGy处理出现平整切口;随着辐照剂量的增大,水溶性总糖、水溶性茯苓多糖增加,且1000kGy效应最显著;紫外光谱检测结果显示,1000kGy和1200kGy辐照处理有羰基生成;红外检测结果显示,800、1000、1200kGy辐照处理后羰基均明显增加,且1000kGy和1200kGy处理间的差异不明显;说明辐照茯苓后,茯苓多糖可有效裂解为以羰基类化合物为主且相对分子质量较小的物质,并呈剂量关系。

茯苓多糖与羧甲基茯苓多糖的结构表征

用高压液相色谱、红外光谱、核磁共振谱，Χ－射线衍射谱、热分析、可见光分光光度法等现代物理方法研究了具有抗肿瘤活性的茯苓多糖与羧甲基茯苓多糖的结构．结果表明，茯苓多糖是不含有β－（１→６）葡聚糖支链的β－（１→３）－Ｄ－葡聚糖，羧甲基茯苓多糖分子中的羧甲基呈ＣＨ２ＣＯＯ状态。

硫酸化茯苓多糖对MPTP诱导帕金森小鼠的神经保护作用研究

目的本实验通过检测硫酸化茯苓多糖(SP)对MPTP诱导的帕金森小鼠中抗氧化酶(SOD、GSH-Px、CAT)活性、抗超氧阴离子活力、MDA及过氧化氢含量,探讨SP对帕金森小鼠中脑和脑皮层神经元细胞的保护作用。方法将ICR小鼠随机分为对照组、MPTP组和SP治疗组(SP 50、100、150mg·kg^(^(-1))),腹腔注射给药,取中脑和脑皮层匀浆,利用酶标仪检测小鼠中脑和脑皮层中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性、抗超氧阴离子活力、MDA及过氧化氢含量。结果 SP治疗组小鼠中脑和脑皮层3种抗氧化酶活性有不同程度的增强、抗超氧阴离子活力升高、MDA及过氧化氢含量不同程度下降。结论 SP对MPTP诱导的帕金森小鼠中脑和脑皮层神经元细胞有一定的保护作用。

微波辅助提取茯苓中茯苓多糖的研究

目的 将微波辅助提取新技术应用于茯苓水溶性多糖的提取 ,寻求最佳提取工艺。方法 采用均匀优化设计试验条件 ,以苯酚 -硫酸法测定样品中多糖含量。对超声辅助提取和传统水提法比较 ,并对水解前后的微波提取多糖衍生物用毛细管电泳检测。结果 最佳提取条件 :时间为 18m in;固液比为 1∶ 5 0 ;微波占空比 4 2 % ,此时提取率为 2 .792 %。优于传统。结论 微波辅助提取速度更快、提取效率更高 ;毛细管电泳检测表明微波提取茯苓多糖过程合理 ,能得到较理想的提取物。

硫酸化茯苓多糖对MPTP诱导的小鼠多巴胺能神经元损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨硫酸化茯苓多糖(SP)对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导小鼠黑质多巴胺(DA)能神经元的保护作用。方法:ICR小鼠随机分为5组:对照组、MPTP模型组和SP治疗组(50、100、150 mg/kg),实施腹腔注射给药。爬杆行为评价各组小鼠的运动能力,酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)免疫染色法和TUNEL法检测黑质神经元的损伤与凋亡情况,紫外分光光度法检测小鼠中脑和纹状体中DA含量、纹状体中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性。结果:MPTP组中小鼠的爬杆时间显著延长,TH阳性细胞明显减少,TUNEL阳性细胞数量增加,中脑和纹状体中的多巴胺含量显著下降(P<0.01),纹状体中NOS活性显著上升(P<0.01)。SP治疗组中,MPTP导致的上述变化均得到改善:小鼠爬杆时间缩短,TH阳性细胞增多,TUNEL阳性细胞减少;小鼠中脑和纹状体DA含量显著上升(P<0.01),NOS活性明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:SP对MPTP诱导的帕金森小鼠黑质DA能神经元具有一定的保护作用。