Cancer and diet: significance of diet in a patient whose life expectancy was 4 to 5 months

Clinical summary:The patient,62 years old,a professional laboratory technician specialist,married with two children who in the month of January 2017,came to the emergency department for presenting problems of metrorrhagia and severe pain in left hip that prevented her from ambulation.Once the appropriate tests were performed,the clinical judgment was moderately differentiated endometroid adenocarcinoma with squamous metaplasia infiltrating the cervix,M1(bone and lung metastases);image compatible with left femoral DVT and PET in the right lower lobar branch,and her life expectancy at that time was four to five months.Objective:Given the situation in which the patient was,the few posibilties of a restorative treatment,and the short life expectancy expected for the patient,the only objective was to seek help through a special diet focusing the interest mainly on the nutritional aspect so that it could help to control especially the metastases,the tumor cell and the activation and reinforcement of the immune system.Method:In 2017,when the study was started,a systematic literature review was conducted in search of information related to diets,cancer and metastasis.In this study,the references used for the establishment of the diet have been taken into account and updated to the last five years,where we have been able to confront and confirm the same results obtained in 2017.For the reviews,databases related to health sciences on published articles that related alkaline diets with cancer and metastasis have been used.Results:The patient was recommended a special alkaline dissociated diet based mainly on a nutritional point of view that she started from the first day of treatment with the intention that she could be controlled and favor her recovery;after six months,both tumors and metastases and the problems of DVT and PTE had practically disappeared.Conclusions:The results(although it is only one case)make us think about nutrition's importance,especally in this type of disease.We know this disease is not specific to a single cause but that various factors such as diet,environment,and especially the emotional state can intervene.It is necessary to carry out more studies,such as the one that has been carried out to ensure its importance in the state of health.

Microbiota-host interplay at the gut epithelial level,health and nutrition

Growing evidence suggests the implication of the gut microbiota in various facets of health and disease. In this review, the focus is put on microbiota-host molecular cross-talk at the gut epithelial level with special emphasis on two defense systems： intestinal alkaline phosphatase（IAP） and inducible heat shock proteins（iHSPs）. Both IAP and iHSPs are induced by various microbial structural components（e.g. lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, CpG DNA motifs）,metabolites（e.g. n-butyrate） or secreted signal molecules（e.g., toxins, various peptides, polyphosphate）. IAP is produced in the small intestine and secreted into the lumen and in the interior milieu. It detoxifies microbial components by dephosphorylation and, therefore, down-regulates microbe-induced inflammation mainly by inhibiting NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in enterocytes. IAP gene expression and enzyme activity are influenced by the gut microbiota. Conversely, IAP controls gut microbiota composition both directly, and indirectly though the detoxification of pro-inflammatory free luminal adenosine triphosphate and inflammation inhibition. Inducible HSPs are expressed by gut epithelial cells in proportion to the microbial load along the gastro-intestinal tract. They are also induced by various microbial components, metabolites and secreted molecules. Whether iHSPs contribute to shape the gut microbiota is presently unknown. Both systems display strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that are protective to the gut and the host. Importantly, epithelial gene expressions and protein concentrations of IAP and iHSPs can be stimulated by probiotics, prebiotics and a large variety of dietary components, including macronutrients（protein and amino acids, especially L-glutamine, fat, fiber）, and specific minerals（e.g. calcium）and vitamins（e.g. vitamins K1 and K2）. Some food components（e.g. lectins, soybean proteins, various polyphenols） may inhibit or disturb these systems. The general cel ular and molecular mechanisms involved in the microbiota-host epithelial crosstalk and subsequent gut protection through IAP and iHSPs are reviewed along with their nutritional modulation.Special emphasis is also given to the pig, an economically important species and valuable biomedical model.