Long duration energy storage(LDES)technologies are vital for wide utilization of renewable energy sources and increasing the penetration of these technologies within energy infrastructures.Herein,we propose a low-cost...Long duration energy storage(LDES)technologies are vital for wide utilization of renewable energy sources and increasing the penetration of these technologies within energy infrastructures.Herein,we propose a low-cost alkaline all-iron flow battery by coupling ferri/ferro-cyanide redox couple with ferric/ferrous-gluconate complexes redox couple.The designed all-iron flow battery demonstrates a coulombic efficiency of above 99%and an energy efficiency of~83%at a current density of80 m A cm^(-2),which can continuously run for more than 950 cycles.Most importantly,the battery demonstrates a coulombic efficiency of more than 99.0%and an energy efficiency of~83%for a long duration(~12,16 and 20 h per cycle)charge/discharge process.Benefiting from the low cost of iron electrolytes,the overall cost of the all-iron flow battery system can be reached as low as$76.11 per k Wh based on a10 h system with a power of 9.9 k W.This work provides a new option for next-generation cost-effective flow batteries for long duration large scale energy storage.展开更多
目的观察6-羟基多巴(6-hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA)定向毁损间脑A11核团对缺铁饮食小鼠运动功能的影响,探讨此方法建立不安腿综合征(Restless legs syndrome,RLS)模型的可行性。方法取60只4周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠,30只予缺铁饮食(iron defici...目的观察6-羟基多巴(6-hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA)定向毁损间脑A11核团对缺铁饮食小鼠运动功能的影响,探讨此方法建立不安腿综合征(Restless legs syndrome,RLS)模型的可行性。方法取60只4周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠,30只予缺铁饮食(iron deficiency diet,ID),另外30只予正常饮食(normal diet,ND)。1个月后观察小鼠的运动活性,包括水平方向的运动次数(HACTV)、垂直方向的运动次数(VACTV)、总的运动距离(TOT-DIST)和运动时间(MOVTIME)。随后每组各取15只小鼠定向注射6-OHDA至双侧A11区域,其余小鼠注射PBS。并继续原来的饮食处理。毁损1个月后所有动物皮下注射多巴胺受体激动剂ropinirole,比较给药前后小鼠运动活性的变化。对A11区域进行酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine,TH)染色计数多巴胺(DA)神经元。结果饮食治疗1个月后,缺铁饮食组小鼠的三项运动活性均显著高于正常饮食组(均为P<0.01)。6-OHDA毁损A11核团可显著增加小鼠的各项运动活性(均为P<0.01)。D2受体激动剂ropinirole可以使小鼠增高的运动活性下降到基线水平。6-OHDA毁损可致A11区域DA能神经元明显减少。结论对C57BL/6雄性小鼠在缺铁饮食基础上进行A11区域的6-OHDA毁损建立的模型,能较好的模拟RLS的临床征象,可用作RLS的动物模型。展开更多
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078313,21908214 and 21925804)the Dalian High Level Talent Innovation support program(2020RD05)+2 种基金the Dalian Young Star of Science and Technology(2021RQ122)the Free exploring basic research project of Liaoning(2022JH6/100100005)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2019182)。
文摘Long duration energy storage(LDES)technologies are vital for wide utilization of renewable energy sources and increasing the penetration of these technologies within energy infrastructures.Herein,we propose a low-cost alkaline all-iron flow battery by coupling ferri/ferro-cyanide redox couple with ferric/ferrous-gluconate complexes redox couple.The designed all-iron flow battery demonstrates a coulombic efficiency of above 99%and an energy efficiency of~83%at a current density of80 m A cm^(-2),which can continuously run for more than 950 cycles.Most importantly,the battery demonstrates a coulombic efficiency of more than 99.0%and an energy efficiency of~83%for a long duration(~12,16 and 20 h per cycle)charge/discharge process.Benefiting from the low cost of iron electrolytes,the overall cost of the all-iron flow battery system can be reached as low as$76.11 per k Wh based on a10 h system with a power of 9.9 k W.This work provides a new option for next-generation cost-effective flow batteries for long duration large scale energy storage.
