On All-round Development of Human Rights in China

In October 2003, the Third Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC） called for adherence to ＂the outlook toward development based on the fundamental interests of the people, toward an all-round, balanced and sustainable development.＂ The session also proposed to the National People＇s Congress （NPC） that respect for and protection of human rights be written into the country＇s Constitution. And accordingly, the NPC adopted a decision to revise the Constitution the following year. The call and the proposal were inter-related. The call sets the guideline, the theoretical basis and the orientation for the development of human rights in China. The pro- posal subsequently resulted in a revision of-the Constitution, the fundamental state law, which came as a legal guarantee for respect for and protection of human rights. Then, the ＂task of promoting an all-round development of the human rights cause＂ was written down into the country＇s Eleventh Five-Year Program for National Economic and Social Development （2006-2010）, which was approved by the NPC in March 2006. This was the first time that the development of human rights was written into a national program for social development. This means that an even closer link has been forged between China＇s human rights cause on one hand and the country＇s political, economic, cultural and social welfare undertakings on the other, thus preparing China＇s human rights cause for faster and sustainable development. We are now safe to predict that in the future, there will be even more and better rights the Chinese people are able to enjoy.

MAN Development and Technical Solutions

This paper describes the major problems that Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)is facing and presents basic requirements of the next generation MAN.It presents four technical solutions:SDH,Ethernet, Resilient Packet Ring and WDM Multiservice Platform.Based on the analysis of these solutions,it is concluded that the above technologies should be used together and different technologies should be employed under different circumstances to make an integrated solution for MAN,while SDH multiservice will play a center role in the near future.

With Advantages,Development and Innovation Promote International Trade in All-round Way

In 2004, under the leadership of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT), CPC Shanghai Committee and Shanghai Municipal government, CCPIT Shanghai Sub-Council established scientific viewpoint of development, centered by export-oriented economy, strengthened active serving and innovation, raised service level which made great contributions to Shanghai's opening-up and economic development as well as drove the whole development of society.……

A Miracle of Human Development in China(1950-2030)

China has created an even more spectacular miracle in human development than in economic growth.From 1950 to 2015,China went through three stages of socio-economic development; the "extremely poor era",the "era of letting some people get rich first" and the "era of common prosperity",raising its human development to an increasingly higher level.With the world's fastestgrowing Human Development Index(HDI) during this period,China evolved from a very "low human development level" to a "high human development level".And it is expected to enter a new stage with a "very high human development level" around 2021.This human development miracle in China indicates that socialism with Chinese characteristics gains strength from being a major country and a late mover,as well as from its development path and socialist system.China,arguably contributing the most to the entirety of human development,can serve as a role model for developing countries and can lead the path for the all-round development of billions of people.

Relations Between China and Central Asian Countries Face Opportunity of All-Round Development

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and its western neighbors - the Central Asian countries, the friendly and good-neighborly relationship between the two sides has kept a sound momentum of development. China’s policy of creating an amicable, secure and

Human Development from the Perspective of Ecology

the pursuit of the liberation of all mankind and the comprehensive development of human freedom is the theme of all marxist theories.Marx in the criticism of classical political economics“abstract”,to the whole history of the definition of“general”,found the abstract“general”of the people behind the objective existence and state of development,so as to clearly indicate the relationship between man and nature of human development has experienced on the basis of the nature of the dependence on one stage,gradually from natural objects depends on the stage and with the natural fusion of freedom comprehensive stage,and the concrete connotation of man’s free overall and implementation path.

Development of Qinba Mountainous Area in the Historical Period from the Perspective of Man-Land Relationship

Taking agricultural development as the starting point,this paper explored the dynamic mechanism and implementation path of agricultural development in Qinba Mountainous Area from the perspective of man-land relationship. It found the regular understanding of ecological changes in Qinba Mountains. It is a comprehensive review and exploration on agricultural development and environmental evolution,and aims to provide a historical reference for the development of the contemporary Qinba Mountains.

The development rule of man-land relationship and sustainable development for the artifi cial oasis in the east of north slopes of Tianshan Mountain

The paper researches on the pattern of man-land relationship of artif icial oasis in the east of north Tian-shan Mountain, the development of Qitai artif icial oasis and its relationship with environment, analyzes the factors in? uencing the change of Qitai artifi cial oasis and economic growth through grey analysis, and suggests the ap-proaches of sustainable development of Qitai artifi cial oasis. Research shows that the pattern of artif icial oasis and its environment had gone through three phases: the relatively harmonious stage, the unharmonious stage, and the new fragile balance stage. It also shows that the garden and the shelter-forest are useful to the sustainable develop-ment of Qitai oasis according to grey analysis.

Development characteristics and orientation of tight oil and gas in China

Through reviewing the development history of tight oil and gas in China,summarizing theoretical understandings in exploration and development,and comparing the geological conditions and development technologies objectively in China and the United States,we clarified the progress and stage of tight oil and gas exploration and development in China,and envisaged the future development orientation of theory and technology,process methods and development policy.In nearly a decade,relying on the exploration and development practice,science and technology research and management innovation,huge breakthroughs have been made.The laws of formation,distribution and accumulation of tight oil and gas have been researched,the development theories such as"multi-stage pressure drop"and"man-made reservoirs"have been established,and several technology series have been innovated and integrated.These technology series include enrichment regions selection,well pattern deployment,single well production and recovery factor enhancement,and low cost development.As a result,both of reserves and production of tight oil and gas increase rapidly.However,limited by the sedimentary environment and tectonic background,compared with North America,China’s tight oil and gas reservoirs are worse in continuity,more difficult to develop and poorer in economic efficiency.Moreover,there are still some gaps in reservoir identification accuracy and stimulating technology between China and North America.In the future,Chinese oil and gas companies should further improve the resource evaluation method,tackle key technologies such as high-precision 3D seismic interpretation,man-made reservoir,and intelligent engineering,innovate theories and technologies to enhance single well production and recovery rate,and actively endeavor to get the finance and tax subsidy on tight oil and gas.

Progress in China's Unconventional Oil & Gas Exploration and Development and Theoretical Technologies

The new century has witnessed a strategic breakthrough in unconventional oil ＆ gas.Hydrocarbon accumulated in micro-/nano-scale pore throat shale systems has become an important domain that could replace current oil ＆ gas resources.Unconventional oil ＆ gas plays an increasingly important role in our energy demand.Tight gas,CBM,heavy oil and asphaltic sand have served as a key domain of exploration ＆ development,with tight oil becoming a ＇bright spot＇ domain and shale gas becoming a ＇hotspot＇ domain.China has made great breakthroughs in unconventional oil ＆ gas resources,such as tight gas,shale gas,tight oil and CBM,and great progress in oil shale,gas hydrate,heavy oil and oil sand.China has an estimated（223-263）×10~8t of unconventional oil resources and（890-1260）×l0^（12）m^3 of gas resources.China has made a breakthrough for progress in unconventional oil ＆ gas study.New progress achieved in fine-grained sedimentary studies related to continental open lacustrine basin large-scale shallow-water delta sand bodies,lacustrine basin central sandy clastic flow sediments and marine-continental fine-grained sediments provide a theoretical basis for the formation and distribution of basin central reservoir bodies.Great breakthroughs have been made in unconventional reservoir geology in respect of research methodology ＆ technology,multi-scale data merging and physical simulation of formation conditions.Overall characterization of unconventional reservoirs via multi-method and multi-scale becomes increasingly popular and facilitates the rapid development of unconventional oil ＆ gas geological theory,method and technology.The formation of innovative,continuous hydrocarbon accumulation theory,the establishment of the framework of the unconventional oil ＆ gas geological theory system,and the determination of the implications,geological feature,formation mechanism,distribution rule and core technology of unconventional oil＆ gas geological study lays a theoretical foundation for extensive unconventional oil ＆ gas exploration and development.Theories and technologies of unconventional oil ＆ gas exploration and development developed rapidly,including some key evaluation techniques such as ＇sweet spot zone＇ integrated evaluation and a six-property evaluation technique that uses hydrocarbon source,lithology,physical property,brittleness,hydrocarbon potential and stress anisotropy,and some key development ＆engineering technologies including micro-seismic monitoring,horizontal drilling ＆ completion and ＂factory-like＂ operation pattern, ＂man-made reservoir＂ development,which have facilitated the innovative development of unconventional oil ＆ gas.These breakthroughs define a new understanding in four aspects：①theoretical innovation;② key technologies;③ complete market mechanism and national policy support;and ④ well-developed ground infrastructure,which are significant for prolonging the life cycle of petroleum industry,accelerating the upgrade and development of theories and technologies and altering the global traditional energy structure.

Another strategy to assess sustainable development

The goal of sustainable development is to preserve sustainability and simultaneously prevent catastrophe in a man-land system. However, almost all the existing approaches to assessing sustainable development are to measure the sustainability, namely appraise from the obverse side of the sustainable development. So it seems necessary to attack the same task on the reverse, namely to measure the possibility of catastrophe. In this paper, with a case study of Tianjin, China, we employ catastrophe theory and models to integrate Tianjin’s sustainable development indicators, and then deduce the catastrophe risk index (CRI) to present the level of catastrophic possibility in the city. Applying catastrophe theory is a new strategy to assess sustainable development and shows great practical significance, especially for those developing regions or countries, who always give more priority to their economy and therefore have more obligation to make sure whether their social economic activities might bring forth any ecological environment catastrophe. Besides, being both qualitative and quantitative, the approach could be employed to explore not only static characteristics but also dynamic mechanism of man-land system. Although our work is only a maiden attempt and still calls for further effort to improve it, the case study of Tianjin in this paper would assure us the great promising future to apply catastrophe theory to sustainable development modeling.

Research on the Virtuous Cycle Between the Right to Subsistence and the Right to Development

The right to subsistence and the right to development are the primary basic human rights,and there is a certain connection between the two.Although they refer to different things,they are mutually dependent and restricted.It is necessary to distinguish the right to development as a means and the right to development as an end.The former is the right to participate in,promote,and enjoy development,while the latter is the right of all people to enjoy free,comprehensive,and harmonious development.The protection of the right to subsistence and the right to development form an interacting virtuous cycle under certain conditions.The process of building a moderately prosperous society embodies this virtuous cycle.To build a modern socialist country in an all-round way,it is still necessary to keep on promoting the virtuous cycle between the right to subsistence and the right to development.

Status Quo,Development,Tendency,and to be Solved Problems of Pilot Boat in China

Pilot boat is the main means and essential equipment of transport during ships transferring pilot.Ensuring pilot embarking or disembarking the ship on time is important for regulating port operation and ship’s safety.However,the pilot boat is a very small number of ship’s type whether domestic or abroad.This paper discusses the issues of pilot boat to be drawn attentions and solved,and proposes some recommendations for solving the pilot boat issues.

LET MAN DEVELOP IN HARMONY WITH NATURE

The development of human society is a process of continuous evolution in which humankind learns to understand, make use of, renovate and adapt itself to nature. Invariably,the CAS always attaches great importance to the comprehensive study of the protection and upgrade of the ecosystem for human existence and the co-ordination of relations between humankind and nature,and considers it of strategic significance for the overall S&T development of the country.As a result of painstaking efforts by generations of CAS professionals, a comprehensive research contingent has

工业数字化、人机协同与工业绿色发展效率提升

在“碳达峰、碳中和”背景下,如何将数据要素与传统工业有效融合以实现工业绿色转型,成为亟待解决的重要问题。基于2010—2020年全国30个省(市)的面板数据,分析工业数字化对工业绿色发展效率的影响及机制,并从人机协同视角探讨两者之间的非线性效应,可以得出以下结论:工业数字化能有效推动工业绿色发展,并且通过加快绿色技术创新和提高能源使用效率的渠道,间接推动工业绿色发展效率的提升。同时,考察人机协同度对工业数字化与工业绿色化转型的关系所发挥的门槛效应,可以发现人机协同度越高,工业数字化对工业绿色发展效率的提升作用越强。这个研究结论有助于揭示工业领域“数字化—人机协同—绿色转型”三元互联“黑箱”,为相关部门运用数字技术推动工业绿色发展提供参考与借鉴。

农村职业教育助推乡村可持续发展的新定位

乡村可持续发展是时代强音,农村职业教育作为强大的助推力量,培养“生态人”是其应有的新定位。“生态人”的内涵与发展原则要求农村职业教育在发展思想、技能培养、技能评价标准以及“双师型”教师队伍建设等方面凸显新的定位需求。面对当前农村职业教育“适农化”程度低、生态要义缺失,偏重生态学科知识、忽视生态能力和素养,强调“经济向度”、生态文明内在素质被悬置,关注师资学历层次、弱化生态教学能力等问题,需要确立培养“生态人”的理念、构建系统化的技能培养体系、制定科学合理的技能评价体系、重视“双师型”队伍生态化转型以赋能乡村可持续发展。

“教育和生产劳动相结合”发展中“劳动教育”概念的变革

“教育与生产劳动相结合”是马克思主义教育理论的重要原理和基本原则,并内在规定现代劳动教育的内涵、形式及其变革。“教劳结合”中的物质生产劳动和现代教育是历史性概念,它们的内在结合使劳动教育规定和成为现代教育的基本内涵和主要形式。在智能劳动时代,非物质劳动取代物质生产劳动的主导地位,“教劳结合”主要发展为信息化教育、交往教育、情感教育等教育形式和物质劳动与非物质劳动的“内部结合”“多元结合”“交互融合”,也就是“教劳深度融合”,产生劳动教育的“非物质劳动教育”、智能教育转向。“教劳深度融合”的劳动教育为实现生产力巨大发展、劳动解放和人的解放创造主客观条件,实现劳动主体的自我增值和经济、社会、教育创新;实现劳动自由和人的自由的统一,呈现个人自由、个性主体和公共大众的“自由全面发展”。“教劳结合”发展中劳动教育的永恒意义在于:劳育融合、劳动育人;回归劳动教育的“育人”本质;必须坚持历史唯物主义和实践唯物主义方法论。

引领新时代水土保持之科技前瞻

中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅《关于加强新时代水土保持工作的意见》,对水土保持高质量发展提出了新的时代要求。全面提升水土保持功能和生态产品供给能力是新时代水土保持攻坚的目标与任务。新时代水土保持科学技术支撑十分重要和紧迫,应从以下几方面加快科技创新和应用:区域水土流失治理减量降级目标与评价,实行水土保持率不同阈值的区域水土保持分类指导,构建水土保持功能分析指标体系,探索生态系统水土保持功能提升技术;建立水土保持重点区域空间管控制度,实施差别化管理,探索并推广不同类型农林开发活动水土保持技术措施;生产建设项目水土保持方案智慧管理,水土流失风险评价与智能预警,建立绿色设计绿色施工标准,探索视频监控与跟踪管理;加强山水林田湖草沙系统治理技术支撑,以生态清洁小流域促进乡村振兴与共同富裕,探索水土流失治理中生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性提升技术,推进水土流失科学治理智慧指导与智能管理;加快水土保持碳汇研究与市场交易,建立水土保持生态损害价值评估体系,深化水土流失测报与动态监测等基础研究。以创新理论、技术、机制的新探索,全面提升水土保持治理体系和治理能力现代化水平,服务高质量发展。

人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化--一项基于多维度的历时性考察

自中华人民共和国成立以来,中国的现代化建设历经传统、统筹与创新三个阶段,构成了富有中国特色的现代化建设图景。其中,关于自然价值观的更迭,从生产质料转变为保障条件,再到新型财富,其价值得以不断扩容与彰显。同时,随着自然价值观的变化,人与自然关系也从传统阶段的相对分离,转变为统筹阶段的共在共存,再向创新阶段的共生共荣关系抵近。在这一关系变迁中,从发展优先为起点,到发展与保护统筹兼顾,最终演变为生态优先,实现了经济效益、生态效益与社会效益的统一。纵观整个中国的现代化建设历程,绿色型发展作为通往人与自然和谐共生现代化的路径保障,实现了对传统发展模式的创造性解构,进而为通往人类现代化新形态贡献中国智慧与方案。

回溯、思考、践行:人与自然和谐共生的现代化

人与自然和谐共生的现代化是新时代关于人与自然关系的高度凝练,深刻领悟这一新论断,深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想,需要从历史逻辑、理论逻辑和实践逻辑进行把握。通过梳理坚持和发展马克思主义生态文明思想、弘扬中华优秀传统文化、反拨资本主义生态僭越逻辑的发展进程,有助于把握新时代人与自然关系的发展趋势;统筹“生命共同体”“两山论”“两个重大”关于人与自然关系的科学理念,深刻认识其内涵意蕴对于践行人与自然和谐共生的现代化具有现实意义;立足系统治理、数字引领、助力全球的总体规划,彰显了以习近平同志为核心的党中央的思想智慧,为全球环境治理提供了中国智慧和中国方案,展现了我们党坚定不移地推动和实现中国式现代化的信心与决心。