Erratum to "Boeravinone B ameliorates allergic nasal inflammation by modulating the GATA-3/T-bet signaling pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis"

In the article entitled“Boeravinone B ameliorates allergic nasal inflammation by modulating the GATA-3/T-bet signaling pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis”,published on pages 245-252,Issue 6,Volume 14 in Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine,the weight number was misspelled as“18.5 g”on page 246,first line,under 2.2.Animals paragraph.The correct weight should be“(18.5±5)g”.

Boeravinone B ameliorates allergic nasal inflammation by modulating the GATA-3/T-bet signaling pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis

Objective:To evaluate the anti-allergic effect of boeravinone B against ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice and explore its possible mechanism.Methods:For the induction of allergic rhinitis,mice were intraperitoneally sensitized and intranasally challenged with ovalbumin,as well as orally received various concentrations of boeravinone B.Nasal mucosal inflammation,and the levels of nitric oxide,β-hexosaminidase,IFN-γ,LTC-4,myeloperoxidase,Nrf2,HO-1,GATA-3,ROR-γ,T-bet,antioxidant parameters,and allergen-specific cytokines were assessed.Results:Boeravinone B markedly reduced ovalbumin-induced increase in the number of episodes of nasal sneezing,rubbing,and discharge,as well as the levels of IgE,IgG1,andβ-hexosaminidase(P<0.05).It also significantly reduced differential cell count,myeloperoxidase,oxide-nitrosative stress,and the levels of IL-1β,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-13,IL-17,tumor necrosis factor-α,GATA-3,and ROR-γwhile enhancing the level of T-bet.Conclusions:Boeravinone B is a potential therapeutic agent for allergic rhinitis by modulating various inflammatory mediators and immune responses.

Recent developments in immunotherapy approaches for allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis(AR)poses a significant global health burden,with the potential to progress to asthma,thereby impacting patients’quality of life.Immunotherapy has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating clinical symptoms by altering the underlying disease mechanisms of AR.This article provides a thorough review of the current state of immunotherapy for AR,encompassing various facets of immunotherapeutic strategies,elucidating their mechanisms and clinical implications.By presenting a nuanced understanding of the present landscape of immunotherapy for AR,this review aims to serve as a valuable reference for informing clinical treatment strategies.The subsequent analysis of diverse immunotherapeutic pathways offers a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms and clinical implications.A meticulous examination is conducted on subcutaneous immunotherapy,sublingual immunotherapy,oral immunotherapy,intralymphatic immunotherapy,and innovative intravenous gold-induced autologous serum injection therapy.Each pathway is systematically elucidated,with its distinctive features and potential contributions to managing AR emphasized.In conclusion,synthesizing epidemiological insights,immunotherapeutic nuances,and pathway-specific analyses encapsulates a profound understanding of immunotherapy for AR.

Establishment and Evaluation of a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis

[Objectives]To explore a new method for induction of allergic rhinitis in mice,and compare and evaluate it with common modeling methods.[Methods]36 mice were randomly divided into the control group,blank group and experimental group,and there were 12 mice in each group.The mice in the control group were conventionally induced.That is,the mice were first injected intraperitoneally with the mixture composed of OVA 50μg,[Al(OH)3]5 mg and 1ml of normal saline once every other day,and then since the 15 th d,20μL of 5%OVA solution was dropped into each nasal cavity once a day,which lasted for 7 d.The blank group was treated with the same amount of normal saline according to the control group,and received intraperitoneal injection and bilateral nasal drip respectively.In the experimental group,mice were first given intraperitoneal injection of the mixture composed of ovalbumin(OVA)75μg,aluminum hydroxide gel[Al(OH)3]8 mg and normal saline 1.5 mL for basic sensitization.On the 26 th d,20μL of 3%OVA solution was dropped into each nasal cavity once a day,which lasted for 10 d.The number of sneezes,the number of nose scratching,the amount of nasal discharge,and the activity of mice in each group were observed,and the behavior of allergic reaction was scored.Meanwhile,the number of eosinophils in the nasal discharge of mice and the IgE content in serum were measured.[Results]The score of nasal stimulation symptoms,the number of eosinophils and serum IgE level of mice in the control group and the experimental group were higher than those in the blank group(P<0.05),and there was no statistical significance between the two groups in the three indicators(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The modeling method was more suitable for the development of allergic rhinitis patients condition,and reduced the probability of death of mice due to modeling,and simplified the experimental operation.

Overview of Research on the Clinical Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

Three kinds of treatment for allergic rhinitis(Western medicine,traditional Chinese medicine and their combination)were described respectively,and the different treatment methods of AR and their characteristics were analyzed.This study will help to further improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and promote the early recovery of patients.

Severe Allergic Reaction Following Administration of Antivenom Serum for Snakebite: A Case Report from Togo

Background: Ophidian envenomation is common in Sub-Saharan Africa, and its management is hampered by the lack of access to healthcare services in rural areas, in particular the availability and appropriate use of antivenom. Rare cases of serious side effects following the administration of antivenom have been reported. This is the case for a young farmer from the central region of Togo, who experienced a second snake bite within four years, and in whom antivenom serotherapy led to severe allergic manifestations. Case presentation: This 24-year-old patient, with a history of antivenom and tetanus serotherapy, was admitted to the Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR) of Sokodé for a snakebite that occurred 45 minutes earlier while working in the field. Clinical assessment on admission revealed grade 1 envenomation, characterized by local pain in the right upper limb, with no sign of complication. He received an intravenous infusion of antivenom serotherapy, which rapidly relieved the pain, allowing him to be discharged after 24 hours of hospital monitoring. However, he was readmitted five days later for a skin rash associated with generalized pruritus and edema of the face and the neck, which prompted his evacuation to the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital. He was diagnosed with a hypersensitivity-type allergic reaction to antivenom serum. Symptomatic treatment with antihistamines resulted in a favourable outcome after five days in the hospital. Conclusion: This young farmer developed a severe allergic reaction following a second course of antivenom serotherapy for low-grade ophidian envenomation. Although the efficacy of antivenom serum is undeniable in the management of snakebites, its use should be guided by a sound clinical assessment and framed by rigorous monitoring, especially in people sensitized to antivenom or antitoxin serotherapy. This highlights the importance of training healthcare staff alongside the availability of anti-venomous sera at peripheral healthcare centres.

Myricetin alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice by regulating Th1/Th2 balance

Objective:To evaluate the effect of myricetin on ovalbumin(OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in mice.Methods:Mice were sensitized and challenged using OVA(5%,500 mL)intraperitoneally and intranasally,respectively,on an alternative day for 14 days,followed by administration of myricetin(50,100,and 200 mg/kg)till day 21.Nasal symptoms,biochemical parameters,protein expressions,and histopathology were observed.Results:OVA-induced increased nasal symptoms including rubbing,sneezing,and discharge were significantly reduced by myricetin(100and 200 mg/kg)(P<0.05).Myricetin also protected against histamine challenge and attenuated elevated serum immunoglobulin E(IgE;total and OVA-specific),total IgG1,andβ-hexosaminidase levels,as well as leukotriene C4 and interleukins levels in nasal lavage fluid(P<0.05).Western blot analysis showed that myricetin significantly upregulated the protein expression of T-box expressed in T cells,while downregulating the protein expression of GATA binding protein 3,NF-κB,and IκB-α(P<0.05).Additionally,OVA-induced histopathological abberations in the nasal mucosa was markedly ameliorated by myricetin treatment(P<0.05).Conclusions:Myricetin exerts anti-allergic effects against OVAinduced allergic rhinitis via regulating Th1/Th2 balance.

Using eye drops in compliance may improve the symptoms and quality of life in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis: analysis of a two-season web survey

Dear Editor,Allergic conjunctivitis is the most common ocular surface allergic disease, affecting more than 30% of the population[1-2]. In the immediate phase of the allergic reactions(type Ⅰ) in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis(SAC), the binding of antigen with the reaginic antibody leads to the formation and release of chemical mediators, such as histamines, in the local anaphylactic reaction[3].

Advances on the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis by Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common and high incidence disease in clinic, which has a certain impact on the work, life and social activities of patients. Modern medicine still lacks effective treatment methods for such diseases. In recent years, clinical cases of children and adolescents have also increased year by year. Objective: In order to provide references for further study and practical treatment on allergic rhinitis, this paper summarized the advances on the treatment of allergic rhinitis by Traditional Chinese Method (TCM) and Western Medicine Method (WMM) in clinical practice and study. Method: Through detailed review and study of literatures, the theory and clinical experiences in TCM, WMM, and integrated treatment of the two were analyzed and summarized. Conclusions: TCM conducts personalized treatment for patients by syndrome differentiation. The main means are to regulate the body’s health Qi and Yang Qi. Drugs, acupuncture, psychology and other means of treatment are all used and the effects of treatment are very well. WMM mainly relieves the infiltration of local inflammatory cells, expands local capillaries, improves nasal permeability and alleviates the occurrence of allergic graduation by using kinds of drugs or surgery. Though both TCM and WMM are effective and have some common characteristics and each has its own characteristics, the combination of TCM and WMM has a good prospect and is more effective and can effectively reduce the adverse reactions of patients, because TCM is to change patients’ own constitution and the starting point of WMM is to eliminate the pathogen.

Topical ketotifen treatment for allergic conjunctivitis:a systematic review and Meta-analysis

AIM:To assess the efficacy of ketotifen in treating allergic conjunctivitis.METHODS:A systematic search of systematic reviews and Meta-analyses was conducted on the Pub Med and Web Science of Science until October 2021 to address this knowledge gap.Mean difference with 95%CI and P values were used to assess the efficacy of ketotifen.The heterogeneity(I^(2))was used to evaluate the impact of heterogeneity.RESULTS:Eight randomized controlled trials(RCTs)involving 1589 patients were included in this Meta-analysis.The results revealed that after treating with ketotifen,itching(MD=-0.91,95%CI:-1.63 to-0.20,I^(2)=94%,P=0.01),tearing(MD=-0.40,95%CI:-0.61 to-0.18,I^(2)=75%,P=0.0003)and total signs and symptoms(MD=-0.85,95%CI:-1.12 to-0.58,I2=0,P<0.00001)showed better benefit effect compared to the placebo group.CONCLUSION:Topical ketotifen is an effective treatment for patients with allergic conjunctivitis.

Comparative acetylome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of high fat diet function in allergic disease

Modern technological lifestyles promote allergic diseases,especially food allergies.The underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be uncovered.Protein acetylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications,and it is involved in regulating multiple body metabolic processes.This study aimed to clarify the effects of a high-fat diet(HFD)on allergy risk and the underlying mechanisms.Four-week-old male C57 BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into two groups and fed a normal fat diet(NFD)or HFD for 24 weeks.Then,serum lipids were measured,and skeletal muscle was collected for acetylome analysis.Compared with the findings in the NFD group,HFD-fed mice were obese and hyperlipidemic.Acetylome analysis also revealed 32 differentially expressed proteins between the HFD and NFD groups.Among these,eight acetylated proteins were upregulated in the HFD group.In addition,13 and 11 proteins were acetylated only in the HFD group and NFD group,respectively.These proteins were mainly involved in regulating energy metabolism and mitochondrial function.This study provides information regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms by which HFD promotes allergy.

Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and associated risk factors in middle school students from Haikou,China

Objective:To identify the prevalence and influencing factors of allergic rhinitis among middle school students in Haikou,and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis among middle school students in Haikou.Methods:The stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to randomly select the middle school students(aged 12-18)from 8 ordinary or vocational middle schools in Xiuying District,Longhua District,Meilan District and Qiongshan District of Haikou as the survey subjects.The self-made questionnaire was used to conduct the survey from April to May in 2022.Results:A total of 2169 valid questionnaires were collected,the effective rate was 86.6%(2169/2479),814(37.5%)male students and 1355(62.5%)female students.The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis reported by middle school students in Haikou was 39.8%(863/2169),including 599 cases of intermittent allergic rhinitis(69.4%)and 264 cases of persistent allergic rhinitis(30.6%).The January,February,November and December were the periods of high incidence of symptoms each year.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that:using antibiotics 5 times a year[OR=2.07,95%CI(1.24-3.45),P=0.005],using antibiotics 3-4 times a year[OR=1.77,95%CI(1.23-2.55),P=0.002],family history of allergic rhinitis[OR=3.84,95%CI(2.67-5.54),P<0.001],history of sinusitis[OR=7.77,95%CI(3.22-18.76),P<0.001],damp living environment[OR=2.87,95%CI(2.00-4.13),P<0.001],history of asthma[OR=8.69,95%CI(1.93-39.12),P=0.005],urban residents[OR=1.68,95%CI(1.35-2.09),P<0.001],frequent exposure to dust[OR=1.59,95%CI(1.20-2.12),P=0.001],male[OR=1.35,95%CI(1.10-1.66),P=0.005],furry pet[OR=1.39,95%CI(1.10-1.75),P=0.006],daily sleep time<8 hours[OR=1.30,95%CI(1.07-1.58),P=0.009]were risk factors for allergic rhinitis.Conclusion:The prevalence of allergic rhinitis among middle school students in Haikou was higher than reported in most areas of China.Male,urban residents,antibiotic use,sleeping less than 8 hours a day,feeding furry pets,living in humid environment,frequent exposure to dust,family history of allergic rhinitis,history of sinusitis and history of asthma were risk factors for allergic rhinitis.Family history of allergic rhinitis,sinusitis and asthma were the most significant factors.

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with marked peripheral blood eosinophilia and pulmonary eosinophilia:A case report

BACKGROUND Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(ABPA)is an immune-related pulmonary disease caused by sensitization of airway by Aspergillus fumigatus.The disease manifests as bronchial asthma and recurring pulmonary shadows,which may be associated with bronchiectasis.The diagnosis of ABPA mainly depends on serological,immunological,and imaging findings.Pathological examination is not necessary but may be required in atypical cases to exclude pulmonary tuberculosis,tumor,and other diseases through lung biopsy.CASE SUMMARY An 18-year-old man presented with recurrent wheezing,cough,and peripheral blood eosinophilia.Chest computed tomography showed pulmonary infiltration.There was a significant increase in eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.There was no history of residing in a parasite-endemic area or any evidence of parasitic infection.Pathologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid excluded fungal and mycobacterial infections.The patient was receiving medication for comorbid diseases,but there was no temporal correlation between medication use and clinical manifestations,which excluded drug-induced etiology.Histopathological examination of lung biopsy specimen showed no signs of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis,IgG4-related diseases,or tumors.The diagnosis of ABPA was considered based on the history of asthma and the significant increase in serum Aspergillus fumigatus-specific immunoglobulin(Ig)E.Eosinophil-related diseases were excluded through pathological biopsy,which showed typical pathological manifestations of ABPA.CONCLUSION The possibility of ABPA should be considered in patients with poorly controlled asthma,especially those with eosinophilia,lung infiltration shadows,or bronchiectasis.Screening for serum IgE,Aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgE and IgG,and alveolar lavage can help avoid misdiagnosis.

Konjac-mulberry leaf compound powder alleviates OVA-induced allergic rhinitis in BALB/c mice

According to the proportion of 1:1, konjac flour and mulberry leaf powder are compounded into a kind of dietary fiber source(KMCP). It is found to be good for anti-inflammation. However, its precise anti-allergic rhinitis effect and mechanism remain unknown. In our work, the effect of KMCP on allergic rhinitis(AR)induced by ovalbumin(OVA)was investigated. We found that the number of nasal rubbing and sneezing, the eosinophil(EOS)count in the nasal mucosa, and the serum levels of histamine(HIS), OVA-specific immunoglobulin E(OVA-sIgE)and interleukin-4(IL-4)were decreased, and the histopathological changes of nasal mucosa were inhibited. Additionally, the experiments further proved that the KMCP treatment could exert substantial effects on short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)metabolism in the cecum as well. Overall findings suggest that KMCP could suppress the inflammatory response in AR mice, and serve as a novel curative therapeutic for AR without side effects.

Efficacy and anti-inflammatory analysis of glucocorticoid,antihistamine and leukotriene receptor antagonist in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

BACKGROUND There are many adverse reactions in the treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR)mainly with conventional drugs.Leukotriene receptor antagonists,glucocorticoids and nasal antihistamines can all be used as first-line drugs for AR,but the clinical effects of the three drugs are not clear.AIM To examine the impact of glucocorticoids,antihistamines,and leukotriene receptor antagonists on individuals diagnosed with AR,specifically focusing on their influence on serum inflammatory indexes.METHODS The present retrospective study focused on the clinical data of 80 patients diagnosed and treated for AR at our hospital between May 2019 and May 2021.The participants were categorized into the control group and the observation group.The control group received leukotriene receptor antagonists,while the observation group was administered glucocorticoids and antihistamines.Conducted an observation and comparison of the symptoms,physical sign scores,adverse reactions,and effects on serum inflammatory indexes in two distinct groups of patients,both before and after treatment.RESULTS Subsequent to treatment,the nasal itching score,sneeze score,runny nose score,nasal congestion score,and physical signs score exhibited notable discrepancies(P<0.05),with the observation group demonstrating superior outcomes compared to the control group(P<0.05).The interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1,Leukotriene D4 after treatment were significantly different and the observation group It is better than the control group,which is statistically significant(P<0.05).Following the intervention,the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group,including symptoms such as nasal dryness,discomfort in the throat,bitter taste in the mouth,and minor erosion of the nasal mucosa,was found to be 7.5%.This rate was significantly lower compared to the control group,which reported an incidence of 27.5%.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Glucocorticoids and antihistamines have obvious therapeutic effects,reduce serum inflammatory index levels,relieve symptoms and signs of patients,and promote patients'recovery,which can provide a reference for clinical treatment of AR.

过敏原特异性免疫治疗在过敏性气道疾病中的应用进展

过敏原特异性免疫治疗(allergen immunotherapy,AIT)是明确患者过敏原后,给患者反复接触过敏原提取物,并逐渐增加浓度和剂量直到达到目标维持剂量,从而使患者对过敏原产生耐受,这是至今惟一一种可以调控变应性疾病发病机制进而改变其自然进程的治疗方法。近年来国内外学者在AIT临床实践和研究领域均取得较大进展,本文对AIT的作用机制、疗效和给药途径等研究进展进行概述。

Comparison of Allergic Rhinitis and Bronchial Asthma Impacts on Tympanometric Parameters in Children at Kano, Nigeria

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a multifocal IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction that affects sino-nasal mucosa and is characterized by excessive sneezing, watery rhinorrhea, nasal itching, nasal stuffiness and eyes itching. Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the common childhood diseases that affects the respiratory system characterized by recurrent cough, wheezing, chest tightness and difficulty with breathing. The two conditions are different manifestations of allergic disease of the airway;the composition of the inflammatory substrate in the mucosa of allergic patients is similar to the late-phase allergic response seen elsewhere in the respiratory tract, such as in bronchial asthma. Aim: The aim was to compare the impacts of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma on tympanometric parameters in children. Patients & Methods: This is a hospital based comparative cross-sectional study. Two groups of participants aged 4 - 12 years, one group with documented clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and the other group with documented clinical diagnosis of bronchial asthma were consecutively selected from ear, nose and throat (ENT) and pediatrics cardiopulmonary outpatient clinics of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano respectively. Equal number of children aged 4 - 12 years with no history of ENT diseases or bronchial asthma that were selected from elementary schools within the same community served as a control group. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was filled out for all the participants, complete ENT and chest examinations were carried out and subsequently all the selected participants had tympanometry done, findings were recorded and analyzed. Results: The mean age of participants with bronchial asthma was found to be 7.5 ± 2.6 years while participants with allergic rhinitis had the mean age of 6.8 ± 2.1 years. The mean middle ear pressure (MEP) of participants with bronchial asthma was found to be -15.22 dapa and -40.32 dapa in those with allergic rhinitis. Acoustic reflex was found to be absent in 15.4% of the participants with bronchial asthma and 29.6% of allergic rhinitis participants. Type B tympanogram was found in 2.8% of bronchial asthma participants and 7.3% in participants with allergic rhinitis. Type C tympanogram was found in 4.6% of participants with bronchial asthma and 15.5% of participants with allergic rhinitis. Type A tympanogram was found in 90% of participants with bronchial asthma and 75% of participants with allergic rhinitis. The difference between type A, B and C tympanograms of participants with bronchial asthma and those with allergic rhinitis was found to be statistically significant (Type A χ2 = 14.62, df = 4, p value = 0.01, Type B χ2 = 14.06, df = 4, p value = 0.01, Type C χ2 = 17.01, df = 6, p value = 0.01). Conclusion: Participants with allergic rhinitis were found to have more abnormalities of tympanometric parameters compared to participants with bronchial asthma which signifies allergic rhinitis conferred an increased risk of having middle ear diseases and otitis media with effusion compared to bronchial asthma.

Effect of acupuncture on acupoint "Yingxiang-Hegu" on Th1, Th2 cytokines and T-bet/GATA-3 of allergic rhinitis rats

Objective:To explore the effect of"Yingxiang-Hegu"on Th1,Th2-related cytokines and[2]transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 in rats with allergic rhinitis.Methods:Rats were randomly divided into three groups:blank group,model group and acupoint group.The rat model of ovalbumin(OVA)AR was established,and the general condition of the rats was observed and scored.Acupuncture intervention was performed on the acupoint group on the second day after successful modeling,once per day for 20 min for 10 d.After intervention,the general behavior,behavioral score and histomorphological changes of nasal mucosa were observed.Eosinophils(EOS)were counted under microscope after nasal lavage smear staining,and the contents of total IgE,IFN-γ,IL-12,IL-4 and IL-5 in serum were detected by ELISA.Westernblot and IHC were used to detect the protein level and positive protein expression of specific transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 in rat nasal mucosa.Results:After the establishment of the model,except for the blank group,the behavioral observation scores of rats in the model group and acupoint group were more than 5 points,indicating that the model was successful.After acupuncture intervention on acupoint"Yingxiang-Hegu",the behavioral score of rats in the acupoint group and western medicine group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05).Microscopic examination showed that the structure of nasal mucosa in the model group was obviously damaged,cilia were arranged discontinuously,uneven,local congestion and swelling,a large number of epithelial cells exfoliated and necrotic,goblet cell proliferation,obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.The pathological degree of nasal mucosa in the pair point group was significantly less than that in the model group.Compared with the model group,the levels of IFN-γ,IL-2 and IL-12 in serum were significantly increased,while IgE,IL-4,IL-5 and IL-6 were significantly decreased,GATA-3 protein and positive expression in nasal mucosa were significantly decreased and T-bet was significantly increased after acupuncture.Conclusion:Acupuncture at"Yingxiang-Hegu"can effectively improve the nasal sensitive symptoms and control nasal inflammation in AR rats.The mechanism may be that acupuncture at Yingxiang-Hegu can up-regulate the expression of T-bet,decrease the level of GATA-3,promote the production of Th1 cytokines and inhibit the synthesis and secretion of Th2 cells,thus restoring the immune balance of Th1 and Th2.

探讨氧化应激与变应性鼻炎发病机制的相关性及中药防治策略

变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)是由免疫球蛋白E(IgE)介导的由吸入变应原诱发的鼻黏膜炎症性疾病,涉及鼻腔细胞和炎症细胞、细胞因子、介质和细胞黏附分子的各种成分参与过敏性鼻炎的过程。AR的主要临床表现为鼻痒、鼻塞、流鼻涕、打喷嚏以及嗅觉减退。目前西医的治疗手段主要包括鼻/口服皮质类固醇、白三烯受体拮抗剂、抗组胺药、肥大细胞稳定剂和短期鼻充血减轻剂,但不良反应较明显,患者精神压力大,因此深入探索变应性鼻炎的作用机制与治疗策略具有重要的临床意义。氧化应激是机体在内外环境损害下产生活性氧(ROS)所引起的疾病生理和病理异常,氧化应激加剧了炎性细胞因子的释放,与AR的发病机制密切相关,参与信号通路转导、细胞凋亡、自噬和线粒体功能障碍等病理状态,是促进AR病情发展的重要因素。传统中医药对于临床治疗过敏性疾病已有上千年历史,近年来中医药防治变应性鼻炎的临床成效也得到大量研究结果的肯定,基于氧化应激途径,进一步阐明了中药单体、活性成分及其复方可凭借多靶点、多组分和多途径的生物学优势对AR起到整体性保护作用。作者通过分析近年来国内外中医药相关研究进展,对氧化应激在AR中的防治作用及机制进行综述,以期为中医药临床防治AR的作用机制研究提供进一步的理论依据。

止敏方口服联合雾化治疗过敏性结膜炎湿热夹风证的临床研究

目的观察止敏方口服联合雾化治疗湿热夹风证过敏性结膜炎(AC)的临床疗效。方法纳入2021年1月—2021年12月苏州市中医医院诊治的湿热夹风证AC患者90例(180只眼),随机分成联合组、雾化组和对照组,每组30例(60只眼)。联合组予止敏方口服及雾化,雾化组单予止敏方雾化,对照组予盐酸氮卓斯汀滴眼液滴眼,均治疗14 d。观察3组患者治疗前后的症状积分、体征积分、泪液免疫球蛋白E(Ig E)抗体值,评价临床疗效。结果3组治疗前症状、体征积分和泪液Ig E抗体比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(1)症状积分:治疗后3组症状积分均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(联合组)=-18.199、t_(雾化组)=-15.715、t对照组=-13.739,均P=0.000)。治疗后3组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=8.594,P=0.000)。与对照组比较,联合组和雾化组症状积分均较低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(联合组)=-3.640,P=0.000;t_(雾化组)=-3.156,P=0.002),联合组与雾化组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)体征积分:治疗后3组体征积分均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(联合组)=-18.887、t_(雾化组)=-17.742、t对照组=-15.556,均P=0.000)。治疗后3组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=16.959,P=0.000)。与对照组比较,联合组和雾化组体征积分均较低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(联合组)=-5.157,P=0.000;t_(雾化组)=-4.409,P=0.000),联合组与雾化组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)泪液Ig E抗体:治疗后3组Ig E抗体指标均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(联合组)=-48.276、t_(雾化组)=-38.164、t对照组=-34.129,均P=0.000)。治疗后3组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=1937.535,P=0.000)。与对照组比较,联合组和雾化组均较低(t_(联合组)=-56.682、t_(雾化组)=-21.667,均P=0.000)。联合组低于雾化组(t=-49.470,P=0.000),差异均有统计学意义。(4)临床疗效:3组临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=14.887,P=0.001)。与联合组比较,雾化组和对照组均较低(Z_(雾化组)=-16.483,P=0.024;Z对照组=-23.267,P=0.001),差异均有统计学意义,雾化组和对照组比较,差异无统计学差异(P>0.05)。(5)复发率:3组复发率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.816,P=0.000)。与对照组比较,联合组和雾化组均较低(χ^(2)_(联合组)=22.500,P=0.000;χ^(2)_(雾化组)=6.696,P=0.010),联合组低于雾化组(χ^(2)=5.963,P=0.015),差异均有统计学意义。结论止敏方口服加雾化的联合疗法治疗湿热夹风证AC有效,且较单一疗法优势显著。