Spatial Disparity and Efficiency of Science and Technology Resources in China

In the knowledge economy era,science and technology(S&T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity.As such,the spatial distribution of S&T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities.By designing an input-output indicator system,this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S&T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency.Moreover,the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S&T resources in China.Major findings are:1) the input and output of S&T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure,i.e.,concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River;2) the efficiency of S&T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities,with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters;3) the utilization rates of S&T resources in most provinces are quite low,resulting in low efficiency of S&T resources allocation.The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S&T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S&T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S&T resources in China.

Resource Allocation of Agricultural Science and Technology R&D

The status quo of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D(research and development)both at home and abroad,including the amount and function of agricultural science and technology research funds,human resources in the resources of agricultural science and technology R&D,the efficiency of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D,the management system of agricultural scientific innovation and the operation status of scientific funds,is analyzed.The problems in the current resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D are put forward,including unreasonable resource allocation;low efficiency,and low efficiency of the transformation of agricultural scientific achievements.The highly effective resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D is analyzed from the aspects of resource allocation structure,environment,channel,spatial layout and industrial chain.

Roles of Science and Technology in Soil and Water Conservation in the New Era

Firstly,current situation and main problems of science and technology development of soil and water conservation were analyzed,and then roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were studied. At last,exploration ways of roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were proposed.

Application of Blockchain Technology in Optimizing Resource Allocation Efficiency

Based on the existing literature,this paper analyzed and explored the factors that affect the efficiency of resource allocation,and evaluated the current situation of resource allocation in various fields.It is found that with the emergence of the new pattern of China’s economic development,the economic growth rate has slowed down,and the method of large-scale production driving economic growth is no longer applicable to the current economic situation.Nowadays,when structural transformation and upgrading have entered a new stage,to achieve the optimization of resource allocation efficiency,it is necessary to start from three aspects:improving information transparency,upgrading industrial structure,and planning government intervention.Through the adaptation analysis of blockchain technology and the existing problems in optimizing resource allocation efficiency,it explored the feasibility of blockchain technology to optimize resource allocation efficiency,and promote economical,efficient and high-quality development.

Boosting China's National Strength in Strategic Science and Technology by Taking Advantage of the New System for Mobilizing Resources Nationwide

To take advantage of the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to boost China's national strength in strategic science and technology,it is essential to strengthen the leadership by the Communist Party of China(CPC)and to guide the development of China's strength in strategic science and technology in line with the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.For this purpose,high-level platforms for innovation should be built quickly,and refined through the introduction of major national projects.Furthermore,institutional frameworkssshould be continuously innovated,while open and inclusive development should be continued.

Research on the Strategy for the Balanced Allocation of Educational Resources between Urban and Rural Areas in China

This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the current state,influencing factors,and strategies for the distribution of educational resources between urban and rural areas in China.It aims to provide an empirical foundation and specific recommendations for policymakers and educational practitioners.The research reveals significant disparities in teacher allocation,teaching facilities,and educational funding between urban and rural regions,which adversely impact the quality and equity of education.Despite national policies promoting educational equity,discrepancies in local implementation hinder the effectiveness of these policies.The study underscores the profound influence of education on social development,noting that educational gaps can restrict individual social mobility and affect overall societal progress and economic growth.Policy recommendations include increasing investment in rural education,establishing dynamic resource allocation mechanisms,enhancing rural teacher remuneration and social status,and promoting the application of educational technology.The study acknowledges limitations in sample selection and data collection,suggesting future research directions such as the impact of educational policies on specific groups and the psychosocial effects of educational inequality.Interdisciplinary research and systematic policy evaluation and feedback mechanisms are encouraged to ensure policies adapt to new educational demands.

GIScience and remote sensing in natural resource and environmental research:Status quo and future perspectives

Geographic information science(GIScience)and remote sensing have long provided essential data and method-ological support for natural resource challenges and environmental problems research.With increasing advances in information technology,natural resource and environmental science research faces the dual challenges of data and computational intensiveness.Therefore,the role of remote sensing and GIScience in the fields of natural resources and environmental science in this new information era is a key concern of researchers.This study clarifies the definition and frameworks of these two disciplines and discusses their role in natural resource and environmental research.GIScience is the discipline that studies the abstract and formal expressions of the basic concepts and laws of geography,and its research framework mainly consists of geo-modeling,geo-analysis,and geo-computation.Remote sensing is a comprehensive technology that deals with the mechanisms of human ef-fects on the natural ecological environment system by observing the earth surface system.Its main areas include sensors and platforms,information processing and interpretation,and natural resource and environmental appli-cations.GIScience and remote sensing provide data and methodological support for resource and environmental science research.They play essential roles in promoting the development of resource and environmental science and other related technologies.This paper provides forecasts of ten future directions for GIScience and eight future directions for remote sensing,which aim to solve issues related to natural resources and the environment.

电力线通信宽带OFDM调制自适应分配仿真

电力系统通信的不间断性和运行状态突变性等特点,导致电力线信道易受到多径、衰减、时变和频选的影响,资源出现分配失衡问题。为此,提出宽带OFDM电力线通信资源自适应分配方法。通过宽带OFDM调制和解调,建模分析电力线通信频带特性。基于此构建通信资源自适应分配模型,并采用遗传算法对该模型优化,实现宽带OFDM电力线通信资源自适应分配。为证明提出方法的有效性,设计实验验证其性能。结果表明,研究方法的分配比特数高于400bit,上述方法的应用下电力系统容量也更高,通信资源数据分配耗时平均值为13.80ms,以上数据充分说明所提方法的实用性更强。

新世纪以来我国铀矿地质科技创新重要进展及展望

新世纪以来,我国铀矿地质勘查领域重大理论和技术创新成果,极大地改变了我国砂岩型、热液型铀矿的找矿思路、找矿方向,引领、支撑了系列找矿重大突破,重塑了铀矿勘查新格局。文章首先分析了我国20余年来铀矿地质科研布局的总体思路与演进方向;然后总结了铀矿重大基础地质与成矿理论研究进展,系统凝练了地质、物化探、遥感、钻探工艺、分析测试等领域的技术创新及核心勘查装备研制成果,梳理了铀资源预测评价技术研究进展及应用成效;最后,在重大基础前沿和成矿理论、先进铀矿勘查技术研发、非常规核能裂变资源勘查技术研究、数字铀矿勘查技术开发等方面提出了未来10~15年主要发展趋势和方向,指出在“双碳”目标和核能大发展对铀资源保障需求背景下,必须继续坚持并加强铀矿地质科技创新,高质量引领和推动“新区、新层位、新类型、新深度”找矿突破。

Randomized MILP framework for Securing Virtual Machines from Malware Attacks

Cloud computing involves remote server deployments with public net-work infrastructures that allow clients to access computational resources.Virtual Machines(VMs)are supplied on requests and launched without interactions from service providers.Intruders can target these servers and establish malicious con-nections on VMs for carrying out attacks on other clustered VMs.The existing system has issues with execution time and false-positive rates.Hence,the overall system performance is degraded considerably.The proposed approach is designed to eliminate Cross-VM side attacks and VM escape and hide the server’s position so that the opponent cannot track the target server beyond a certain point.Every request is passed from source to destination via one broadcast domain to confuse the opponent and avoid them from tracking the server’s position.Allocation of SECURITY Resources accepts a safety game in a simple format as input andfinds the best coverage vector for the opponent using a Stackelberg Equilibrium(SSE)technique.A Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP)framework is used in the algorithm.The VM challenge is reduced by afirewall-based controlling mechanism combining behavior-based detection and signature-based virus detection.The pro-posed method is focused on detecting malware attacks effectively and providing better security for the VMs.Finally,the experimental results indicate that the pro-posed security method is efficient.It consumes minimum execution time,better false positive rate,accuracy,and memory usage than the conventional approach.

科技自立自强背景下的新型举国体制:基本内涵、适用范围与构建思路

进入新发展阶段,实现高水平科技自立自强成为中国统筹发展与安全的战略支撑和必然要求。其中,构建和完善关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制是实现科技自立自强的关键举措。本文认为,科技自立自强背景下进一步健全新型举国体制需要把握以下重点:在基本内涵上,理解新型举国体制的关键是同时抓住“举国”这个原内核和“新型”这个新内核,正确认识两个内核的关系;在适用范围上,运用新型举国体制的前提是提出需求明确、仅靠市场竞争难以突破的战略科技任务,并注意适用范围的动态演化性;在构建思路上,要围绕充分发挥国家作为重大科技创新组织者的作用,以系统化思维推进相关改革,强化中央层面的决策指挥体系,完善技术攻关组织管理体系,建立适配新型举国体制的政策体系;在推进实施上,应根据事项轻重缓急和难易程度等因素,确定当前重点。

论中国式现代化进程中教育、科技、人才一体化建设

教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性、战略性支撑,坚持三者一体化建设、一体化推进,是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的必然要求,是开辟发展新领域新赛道、塑造发展新动能新优势、推动经济社会高质量发展的解码密钥。教育、科技、人才均为强国建设之基石,三者统一于推进和拓展中国式现代化的伟大实践,整体服务于社会主义现代化国家建设。科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略要实现有效联动,坚持一体推进教育发展、科技创新、人才培养,一体设计原始创新、集成创新、开放创新,一体部署创新链、产业链、资金链、人才链。教育强国、科技强国、人才强国是全面建成社会主义现代化强国的题中应有之义,要加强党的全面领导,努力实现各方面政策举措的贯通融通。

智慧降碳:金融科技发展的城市碳减排效应研究

深入研究金融科技发展对城市碳排放量的影响及作用机制,对精准制定碳减排政策、发展低碳经济、推动城市智慧降碳具有重要的理论和现实意义。区别于以往区域内单一维度的研究,本文测算了中国城市的金融科技发展指数,基于2011~2019年中国264个城市的面板数据,从区域内和区域间两个方面检验了金融科技发展对城市碳排放量的影响效应及作用机制。结果显示:区域内金融科技发展能够显著降低城市二氧化碳的排放量,这一结论在使用工具变量缓解内生性以及替换金融科技发展指标等一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立;机制分析表明金融科技能够通过提高技术创新水平和资源配置效率两个途径降低城市碳排放量;区域间金融科技发展水平和二氧化碳排放量具有显著的空间关联性,金融科技虽然能降低本地城市二氧化碳的排放量,但会促进周边城市二氧化碳排放量,呈现出“以邻为壑”的现象。基于区域内和区域间金融科技碳减排效应的不同表现进行进一步研究,发现金融科技的碳减排效应在北部城市显著强于南部城市、在非城市群城市显著强于城市群城市、在其他城市显著强于中心城市。

数字化转型对企业非效率投资的非线性作用研究

选取2011—2021年A股上市公司数据,探究数字化转型对企业非效率投资的非线性影响。结果表明:数字化转型对企业非效率投资表现出倒“U”型特征,数字化转型初期会通过加大财务困境风险来提高企业非效率投资水平,后期通过优化资源配置和促进技术创新来降低企业非效率投资水平。异质性分析发现,数字化转型对企业非效率投资的倒“U”型作用在国有企业、高信息透明度企业和数字普惠金融发展水平较低城市的企业中更为明显。研究为助力企业突破数字化转型拐点、实现对企业非效率投资的有效抑制提供参考。

基于区块链的城市智能交通网络均衡分配方法

为了提高城市智能交通网络的应用效率,有效分配网络中存在的资源,同时保证网络资源分配的均衡度。因此,提出区块链技术下城市智能交通网络均衡分配方法。通过建立城市智能交通网络模型,分析用户在交通网络中的资源需求。根据用户的需求,采用区块链技术分配网络中的资源,通过引入椭圆曲线数字签名算法,对需求和资源的发布信息加密处理,并根据资源需求与资源供应之间的匹配,完成城市智能交通网络资源的均衡分配。实验结果表明,所提方法的用户吞吐率高,且Jain公平指数在0.8以上,表明所提方法的资源分配合理性高。

公共数据开放能否促进区域绿色技术创新——基于政府数据平台上线的准自然实验

公共数据作为公共服务的重要基础资源,对地方经济政策的成功实施具有重要的推动作用。以中国地方政府推动公共数据开放平台上线作为准自然实验,基于2007—2022年中国地级市面板数据,采用多期双重差分模型进行实证分析,以检验公共数据开放是否有效促进了区域绿色技术创新。研究发现:公共数据的开放显著推动了区域绿色技术创新的发展,并且这一结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立,进一步在PSM-DID和工具变量回归分析中得到验证。机制检验发现:这一影响主要归因于区域信息壁垒的消除和科技资源配置效率的提升。此外,公共数据开放对区域绿色技术创新的影响在不同地区间呈现出明显的异质性。特别是在中部地区、金融发展水平高以及公众环境关注度较高的地区,公共数据开放对区域绿色技术创新的促进作用更为显著。研究为量化评估数据要素开放共享在绿色技术创新中的经济效应提供了重要参考,有助于激发各地数据要素的开发潜能,并为制定合理的经济政策提供有力支持。

地震科技资源科普化问题研究

推进地震科技资源科普化,是提高地震科普能力建设的重要组成,也是提升公众防震减灾科学素养、“反哺”地震科技创新发展的重要手段。针对当前地震科技资源科普化研究薄弱的问题,本文从“政策-投入-产出”的逻辑关系,界定地震科技资源科普化的基本概念,并阐述其重要价值。在此基础上,从5个方面对地震科技资源科普化现状进行探析,并提出当前存在的困境和工作建议。

“政治-经济-社会-科技”(PEST)视域下数字生态驱动城市科技创新路径研究

中国各城市因中心地位、规模和区位不同,数字资源禀赋和数字生态要素发展具有异质性,对各城市的科技创新产生不同影响。基于此,立足于“政治-经济-社会-科技”(PEST)视角,基于协同演化理论和资源基础理论,以中国226个城市为样本,运用回归和组态研究方法,探索PEST数字生态,即数字政治、数字经济、数字社会及数字技术驱动城市科技创新的路径。研究表明:PEST数字生态与城市科技创新之间呈正“U”型效应,“U”型拐点数字生态指数为62.12,其中69.03%的样本城市在其左侧,30.97%的样本城市分布在其右侧;总体而言不存在导致城市高科技创新的必要条件,数字生态驱动城市高、非高科技创新的组态路径分别为6条(如数字社会和数字技术驱动型,数字产业化、数字社会和数字基础设施主导型,数字政治、数字社会和数字技术驱动型等)和1条(数字政治、数字社会、数字技术和数字产业化缺失型);数字生态驱动城市高科技创新的组态路径具有中心地位、规模和区位异质性。因此,各城市的数字生态建设要切合实际,实施差异化发展战略。

数据要素市场化赋能银行数字化转型了吗?——来自中国城市层面的经验证据

深耕数据要素市场化沃土,以释放数据要素价值助力银行数字化转型,是做好数字金融大文章,充分发挥金融供血机能的关键举措。本文基于2010—2021年284个地级市面板数据,深入探讨数据要素市场化对银行数字化转型的影响。研究结果表明,数据要素市场化有助于推动银行数字化转型,同时这种影响在城市能级、金融韧性和商业信用环境方面表现出显著的异质性特征。作用机制分析发现,资源配置效率是数据要素市场化促进银行数字化转型的作用渠道,金融科技和银行业竞争在数据要素市场化赋能银行数字化转型过程中发挥正向调节效应。经济后果检验发现,数据要素市场化对银行数字化转型的促进效果可进一步作用于实体经济的发展。研究结果为银行数字化转型的实现路径提供了理论和实践参考。

数智技术时代的中国档案学学科发展

数智技术,直接导致我国千行百业的原始数据形成,其管理正发生前所未有的变化。为适应从人人相连走向万物智联的大数据安全管理,需要对我国高等教育相关学科专业进行系统研究。梳理数字技术对我国组织的业务活动及其原始记录形成和管理的作用影响之后,提出传统的“中国档案学”学科将演进为“档案大数据工程”学科。并且指出,档案大数据工程学科高等教育包括“管理文秘”“数据资源管理”“大数据技术”等专业,尝试提出以上几个专业建设的发展方向。