The Relationship between Water Resources Use Efficiency and Scientific and Technological Innovation Level: Case Study of Yangtze River Basin in China

The Yangtze River Basin’s water resource utilization efficiency(WUE)and scientific and technological innovation level(STI)are closely connected,and the comprehension of these relationships will help to improve WUE and promote local economic growth and conservation of water.This study uses 19 provinces and regions along the Yangtze River’s mainstream from 2009 to 2019 as its research objects and uses a Vector Auto Regression(VAR)model to quantitatively evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of the coupling coordination degree(CCD)between the two subsystems of WUE and STI.The findings show that:(1)Both the WUE and STI in the Yangtze River Basin showed an upward trend during the study period,but the STI effectively lagged behind the WUE;(2)The CCD of the two subsystems generally showed an upward trend,and the CCD of each province was improved to varying degrees,but the majority of regions did not develop a high-quality coordination stage;(3)The CCD of the two systems displayed apparent positive spatial autocorrelation in the spatial correlation pattern,and there were only two types:high-high(H-H)urbanization areas and low-low(L-L)urbanization areas;(4)The STI showed no obvious response to the impact of the WUE,while the WUE responded greatly to the STI,and both of them were highly dependent on themselves.Optimizing their interaction mechanisms should be the primary focus of high-quality development in the basin of the Yangtze River in the future.These results give the government an empirical basis to enhance the WUE and promote regional sustainable development.

Resource Allocation of Agricultural Science and Technology R&D

The status quo of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D(research and development)both at home and abroad,including the amount and function of agricultural science and technology research funds,human resources in the resources of agricultural science and technology R&D,the efficiency of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D,the management system of agricultural scientific innovation and the operation status of scientific funds,is analyzed.The problems in the current resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D are put forward,including unreasonable resource allocation;low efficiency,and low efficiency of the transformation of agricultural scientific achievements.The highly effective resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D is analyzed from the aspects of resource allocation structure,environment,channel,spatial layout and industrial chain.

Spatial Disparity and Efficiency of Science and Technology Resources in China

In the knowledge economy era,science and technology(S&T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity.As such,the spatial distribution of S&T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities.By designing an input-output indicator system,this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S&T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency.Moreover,the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S&T resources in China.Major findings are:1) the input and output of S&T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure,i.e.,concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River;2) the efficiency of S&T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities,with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters;3) the utilization rates of S&T resources in most provinces are quite low,resulting in low efficiency of S&T resources allocation.The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S&T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S&T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S&T resources in China.

Values of the Times of Marx's Theory of Science and Technology Progress and Utilization of Natural Resources

Marx's theory of scientific and technological progress and utilization of natural resources is an indispensable and important part of Marx's economic theory.To realize the harmonious unification of man and nature,man must correctly understand the effect of scientific and technological progress on the use of natural resources,fundamentally solve the problem that scientific and technological progress cannot replace the position of natural resources in economic development,and objectively evaluate the relationship between human power and the power of nature.Grasping and comprehending the scientific connotation of Marx's theory of scientific and technological progress and utilization of natural resources has a very important theoretical value and practical significance for saving and effectively using natural resources and building an environment-friendly society.

Application of Blockchain Technology in Optimizing Resource Allocation Efficiency

Based on the existing literature,this paper analyzed and explored the factors that affect the efficiency of resource allocation,and evaluated the current situation of resource allocation in various fields.It is found that with the emergence of the new pattern of China’s economic development,the economic growth rate has slowed down,and the method of large-scale production driving economic growth is no longer applicable to the current economic situation.Nowadays,when structural transformation and upgrading have entered a new stage,to achieve the optimization of resource allocation efficiency,it is necessary to start from three aspects:improving information transparency,upgrading industrial structure,and planning government intervention.Through the adaptation analysis of blockchain technology and the existing problems in optimizing resource allocation efficiency,it explored the feasibility of blockchain technology to optimize resource allocation efficiency,and promote economical,efficient and high-quality development.

多用户OFDM系统中一种次最优多址接入方案

给出了带自适应资源分配的多用户OFDM系统的数学模型,指出理论上的最优接入算法是不可实现的.提出了一种易于实现的次最优多址接入方案,它以瞬时信道特性为基础,通过不断寻找局部最优以期达到或接近全局最优.仿真实验表明,使用这种次优多址接入方案的多用户OFDM系统的性能明显优于使用各种静态多址接入方案的系统.

低复杂度的OFDMA系统调度与资源分配算法

针对多用户多业务OFDMA系统存在的缺陷与不足,提出了一种低复杂度的分组调度与资源分配算法.该算法考虑队列状态、QoS要求、信道情况和业务优先级等信息,分别定义了实时轮询服务、非实时轮询服务和尽力而为服务的效用函数,算法在满足各种业务延时、传输速率和丢包率约束条件下,通过最大化非实时业务总吞吐量实现调度和资源分配.仿真结果表明,与已有算法相比,该算法在非实时业务总吞吐量下降不大的情况下,在性能和复杂度之间取得了较好的折中.

比例速率约束下基于遗传策略的多用户OFDM系统资源自适应分配算法

基于遗传策略提出了载波和功率自适应分配算法,它在最大化多用户OFDM系统下行链路总容量的同时维持用户之间的比例公平性,是一种将子载波分配和功率分配独立开的低复杂度次优算法。当总功率在载波间均等分布时,首先进行子载波的分配。随后引入遗传算法通过全局搜索实现用户间的功率分配,以满足比例公平性要求。功率分配结束后,针对每一个用户使用等功率分配方式实现容量分配并实现总功率的最大化。仿真结果表明,所提出的资源分配算法平衡了总容量和公平性之间的折中问题。与最小容量最大化算法相比,满足了用户之间不同的速率要求。相对于总容量最大化算法,容量在用户之间分布更公平。

The measure and characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution of China＇s science and technology resource allocation efficiency

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）, science and tech- nology （S＆T） resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S＆T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）. It turned out that： （1） the average of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. （2） The asymmetrical distribution of S＆T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S＆T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. （3） The coupling degree between S＆T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S＆T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S＆T resources and so on. （4） In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S＆T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. （5） Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.

OFDM系统子载波与数据包长度联合分配算法

为了最大化正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)无线通信系统中非实时业务的有效吞吐量,提出了一种子载波与数据包长度的联合分配(joint sub-carrier and packet size allocation,JSPSA)策略。该策略较以往的子载波分配或数据包长度优化策略,有更大的优化自由度。基于JSPSA策略,详细分析平坦衰落信道下联合分配算法有效吞吐量函数的单调特征,证明该函数为单峰函数。利用频率选择性信道与平坦衰落信道下有效吞吐量函数单调性特征的相似性,通过引入一种新的等效信道增益,提出了一种频率选择性信道下的JSPSA算法。仿真结果表明,该算法的有效吞吐量接近于JSPSA策略下最优的枚举法,与已有的贪婪比特分配、等误比特率功率分配(greedy algorithm bit allocation/equal bit error ratio power allocation,GABA_EBPA)算法相当,而复杂度却大幅度降低,在复杂度和性能之间取得了较好的折中。

Can the low-carbon city pilot policy promote the upgrading of high-carbon emitting enterprises? Evidence from China

As a crucial environmental reform system to realize“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality”,the pilot policy of low-carbon cities(LCCs)puts pressure and challenges on high-carbon emitting enterprises(HCEEs)while providing opportunities for these firms to take the path of independent transformation.Employing the data of Chinese listed enterprises from 2006 to 2016 and adopting a difference-in-differences(DID)model,we evaluated the impact of LCC construction on the upgrading of HCEEs and its mechanisms.The results indicate that LCC construction enhances the upgrading of HCEEs in the pilot cities.The conclusions remain stable after a series of robustness tests.The mechanism analysis reveals that LCC construction triggers the upgrading of HCEEs by promoting resource allocation efficiency,R&D investment,and green technology innovation.The heterogeneity results indicate that this positive effect is more pronounced for HCEEs in regions with more stringent environmental law enforcement.This study also observes that the upgrading impact is more promi‐nent for state-owned enterprises,enterprises with higher bargaining power,and enterprises whose managers have a long-term vision.The above results provide directions for upgrading HCEEs and replicable evidence for cities in developing economies to fulfill the win-win target of environmental protection and economic transfor‐mation.

低复杂度的OFDM系统有效吞吐量最大化算法

针对OFDM系统有效吞吐量最大化问题,提出了一种低复杂度的资源分配算法LCGM.该算法的子载波采用统一的编码调制方式,以等误比特率的方式分配功率,并在此条件下将有效吞吐量最大化问题进行简化.利用有效吞吐量函数在平坦衰落信道和频率选择性衰落信道下为单峰函数这一特点,通过引入一种新的等效信道增益,采用二分法确定数据占用的子载波集合.仿真结果表明,LCGM算法以较低的复杂度获得了与高复杂度算法相当的有效吞吐量,在性能和复杂度之间取得了较好的折中.

OFDMA中继系统中基于QoS保证的资源分配算法

研究了OFDMA中继下行链路通信系统中的动态资源分配问题,提出了一种可以保证用户最低QoS需求的资源分配算法.首先在简化资源优化问题的过程中,采用等功率分配方法以降低算法复杂度,然后通过拉格朗日松弛优化方法推导出了子载波分配和中继选择最优解,并在此基础上引入用户速率权衡因子,根据速率权衡因子越大的用户,越具有选择子载波和中继的优先权这一准则进行子载波分配和中继选择.仿真结果表明:新算法能够获得较高的系统容量,同时也能很好地保证不同用户的最低速率需求.

电力线通信宽带OFDM调制自适应分配仿真

电力系统通信的不间断性和运行状态突变性等特点,导致电力线信道易受到多径、衰减、时变和频选的影响,资源出现分配失衡问题。为此,提出宽带OFDM电力线通信资源自适应分配方法。通过宽带OFDM调制和解调,建模分析电力线通信频带特性。基于此构建通信资源自适应分配模型,并采用遗传算法对该模型优化,实现宽带OFDM电力线通信资源自适应分配。为证明提出方法的有效性,设计实验验证其性能。结果表明,研究方法的分配比特数高于400bit,上述方法的应用下电力系统容量也更高,通信资源数据分配耗时平均值为13.80ms,以上数据充分说明所提方法的实用性更强。

Randomized MILP framework for Securing Virtual Machines from Malware Attacks

Cloud computing involves remote server deployments with public net-work infrastructures that allow clients to access computational resources.Virtual Machines(VMs)are supplied on requests and launched without interactions from service providers.Intruders can target these servers and establish malicious con-nections on VMs for carrying out attacks on other clustered VMs.The existing system has issues with execution time and false-positive rates.Hence,the overall system performance is degraded considerably.The proposed approach is designed to eliminate Cross-VM side attacks and VM escape and hide the server’s position so that the opponent cannot track the target server beyond a certain point.Every request is passed from source to destination via one broadcast domain to confuse the opponent and avoid them from tracking the server’s position.Allocation of SECURITY Resources accepts a safety game in a simple format as input andfinds the best coverage vector for the opponent using a Stackelberg Equilibrium(SSE)technique.A Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP)framework is used in the algorithm.The VM challenge is reduced by afirewall-based controlling mechanism combining behavior-based detection and signature-based virus detection.The pro-posed method is focused on detecting malware attacks effectively and providing better security for the VMs.Finally,the experimental results indicate that the pro-posed security method is efficient.It consumes minimum execution time,better false positive rate,accuracy,and memory usage than the conventional approach.

智慧降碳:金融科技发展的城市碳减排效应研究

深入研究金融科技发展对城市碳排放量的影响及作用机制,对精准制定碳减排政策、发展低碳经济、推动城市智慧降碳具有重要的理论和现实意义。区别于以往区域内单一维度的研究,本文测算了中国城市的金融科技发展指数,基于2011~2019年中国264个城市的面板数据,从区域内和区域间两个方面检验了金融科技发展对城市碳排放量的影响效应及作用机制。结果显示:区域内金融科技发展能够显著降低城市二氧化碳的排放量,这一结论在使用工具变量缓解内生性以及替换金融科技发展指标等一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立;机制分析表明金融科技能够通过提高技术创新水平和资源配置效率两个途径降低城市碳排放量;区域间金融科技发展水平和二氧化碳排放量具有显著的空间关联性,金融科技虽然能降低本地城市二氧化碳的排放量,但会促进周边城市二氧化碳排放量,呈现出“以邻为壑”的现象。基于区域内和区域间金融科技碳减排效应的不同表现进行进一步研究,发现金融科技的碳减排效应在北部城市显著强于南部城市、在非城市群城市显著强于城市群城市、在其他城市显著强于中心城市。

From institutional merger integration to institutional strategic transformation:A case study of the strategic management paradigm at Shanghai Library

This article attempts to apply the strategic management theory to the subsequent shaping up of a readjusted strategic development policy for Shanghai Library after its merger with the Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of Shanghai(ISTIS)in 1995.It also tries to analyze and explicate such an empirical implementation of institutional reintegration process through strategic management at Shanghai Metropolitan Library.By doing so,it aims to present an objective case study of activities based on the strategic management paradigm at a major Chinese metropolitan public library.

数字孪生水利赋能水利新质生产力发展框架研究

发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。进入新发展阶段,数字孪生水利因其具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征,成为水利新质生产力的最显著标志和最有力抓手。水利部党组将推进数字孪生水利建设作为推动新阶段水利高质量发展的显著标志和重要路径,其本质就是在发展水利新质生产力。基于新质生产力的科学内涵和重大意义,探讨辨析建设数字孪生水利与发展新质生产力之间的内在联系和逻辑,并从建设行动、关键技术、标准体系、人才培养等方面提出以数字孪生水利驱动引领水利新质生产力发展的实施路径。

基于点分配法、全一致性法、灰色关联分析的科技人才分类评价研究

科技人才评价是一种多准则决策问题,不同方法导致评估存在不确定性,已有相关评价方法在实践中存在一定的局限性。为解决这一问题,针对创新活动不同阶段对科技人才评价的差异化要求,立足于“破四唯”和“立新标”并举的思路,将科技人才分为基础研究类、应用研究和技术开发类以及科技管理服务类,基于政策文件和文献的关键词提取法构建科技人才分类评价指标体系,通过充分考虑不同方法导致评估存在的不确定性,结合点分配法(PA)和全一致性法(FUCOM)构建灰数组合权重,将灰数权重和不同决策者针对评价对象的评估分数作为灰数输入,提出PA-FUCOM灰色关联分析法;并以陕西省某研究院的4位应用研究和技术开发类人才为例进行实证分析,以验证评价结果的有效和准确性。结果表明:基于PA-FUCOM灰色关联分析法的科技人才评价指标体系,对基础研究人才整体上各类指标相对较为均衡但侧重人才价值和学科背景,对应用研究和技术开发类人才在成果价值和转化效益上拥有更大的权重,对科技管理服务类人才整体指标相对均衡但在成果价值上的权重相对更大;灰色系统理论有助于解决科技人才评价过程存在的不确定性,点分配法在实际评估中简单可行,FUCOM由于计算量小、一致性更高从而为混合指标权重计算提供了新的可能,因此PA-FUCOM组合权重计算方法在评价结果区分度、评价结果的一致性上都有较好的表现.

AI就绪的科技情报数据资源建设模式研究

[目的/意义]AI就绪建设是连接当前先进AI技术与应用场景之间发展间隔的重要举措,本研究旨在探讨和设计科技情报领域的AI就绪的科技情报数据资源建设方法,为情报领域的AI就绪建设提供参考。[方法/过程]本研究基于国内外各界AI就绪发展现状的调研结果,对AI就绪建设进行了初步定义,并从含义范畴、建设角度、建设对象、建设原则、控制维度和模式类型六大方面对科技情报领域的AI就绪建设模式进行系统地探讨和设计。[结果/结论]当前全球AI发展迅速,科技情报领域作为科学研究与先进技术应用的前沿观察与战略指导性学科,应当建立AI就绪的科技情报数据资源体系。研究提出了AI就绪的科技情报数据资源建设的总模式,并结合现有建设实践探讨并呈现科技情报数据资源AI就绪化建设的具体实践路径。