通过显微镜及连续切片技术,研究了美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)胚胎发育过程中的形态学及组织学特征。结果显示,在孵化温度为(21.0±0.5)℃的条件下,美洲鲥受精卵经过71 h 15 min大量孵化出膜,其胚胎发育阶段主要分为6个时期。受精卵...通过显微镜及连续切片技术,研究了美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)胚胎发育过程中的形态学及组织学特征。结果显示,在孵化温度为(21.0±0.5)℃的条件下,美洲鲥受精卵经过71 h 15 min大量孵化出膜,其胚胎发育阶段主要分为6个时期。受精卵第1–5次卵裂均为经裂,第6次卵裂(64细胞期),纬裂出现,胚盘被分为外部的包被层和内部的深层细胞两部分。受精6 h 2 min,内外卵黄合胞体层形成。受精7 h 40 min,囊胚腔出现。受精10 h 39 min,胚盘下包30%,胚盾形成;受精14 h 50 min,下包50%,三胚层形成;受精17 h 33 min,下包75%,神经板形成;受精21 h 13 min,下包90%,脑原基、视囊、脊索原基和体节出现;受精24 h 15 min,完全下包,神经胚、听囊、前脑、中脑及后脑出现。受精24 h 55 min,克氏囊形成。受精35 h 44 min,心脏和消化管出现;42 h50 min肾小管形成;47 h 35 min克氏囊消失;60 h 15 min角膜出现。70 h 15 min,仔鱼大量出膜,初孵仔鱼具有一个大而均质的卵黄囊,上面布有明显的色素。美洲鲥胚胎发生发育的特征与大多数报道的硬骨鱼类类似,但在分化发育的时序上具有较大的差异。展开更多
应用石蜡切片及HE染色的方法对美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)早期发育过程中眼睛的发生、分化和形成过程进行了系统的观察。结果显示,受精后21 h 13 min,视泡出现;受精后26 h 23 min,视泡发育成视杯;受精后35 h 44 min,原始视网膜和晶状体...应用石蜡切片及HE染色的方法对美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)早期发育过程中眼睛的发生、分化和形成过程进行了系统的观察。结果显示,受精后21 h 13 min,视泡出现;受精后26 h 23 min,视泡发育成视杯;受精后35 h 44 min,原始视网膜和晶状体形成;受精后60 h 15 min,角膜在视网膜前缘处形成,由单一的立方上皮构成;2日龄仔鱼,巩膜分化完成,由软骨组织和弹力纤维构成,脉络膜出现;3日龄仔鱼,虹膜出现,视网膜分化完全,由外向内的色素层、视觉细胞层、外界膜、外核层、外网膜层、内核层、内网膜层、视神经节细胞层、视神经纤维层和内界膜10层构成,此时视觉细胞层中视杆细胞出现;14日龄仔鱼,角膜分化完全,由自外向内的复层扁平上皮、前弹性层、基质层、后弹性层和内皮层5层构成;22日龄仔鱼,脉络膜腺出现;26日龄稚鱼脉络膜分化完全,由外向内依次为银膜层、血管层和色素层,虹膜也完全分化,由外向内依次为虹膜内皮层、前缘层、基质层、后缘层和色素层;45日龄幼鱼,视网膜内核层分化成两层水平细胞。此时美洲鲥眼睛的各个结构均发育完善。展开更多
We describe organogenesis at a histological level in American shad( Alosa sapidissima) larvae from 0 until 45 days after hatching(DAH). Larval development was divided into four stages based on the feeding mode,externa...We describe organogenesis at a histological level in American shad( Alosa sapidissima) larvae from 0 until 45 days after hatching(DAH). Larval development was divided into four stages based on the feeding mode,external morphological features,and structural changes in the organs: stage 1(0–2 DAH),stage 2(3–5 DAH),stage 3(6–26 DAH) and stage 4(27–45 DAH). At early stage 2(3 DAH),American shad larvae developed the initial digestive and absorptive tissues,including the mouth and anal opening,buccopharyngeal cavity,oesophagus,incipient stomach,anterior and posterior intestine,differentiated hepatocytes,and exocrine pancreas. The digestive and absorptive capacity developed further in stages 2 to 3,at which time the pharyngeal teeth,taste buds,gut mucosa folds,differentiated stomach,and gastric glands could be observed. Four defined compartments were discernible in the heart at 4 DAH. From 3 to 13 DAH,the excretory systems started to develop,accompanied by urinary bladder opening,the appearance and development of primordial pronephros,and the proliferation and convolution of renal tubules. Primordial gills were detected at 2 DAH,the pseudobranch was visible at 6 DAH,and the filaments and lamellae proliferated rapidly during stage 3. The primordial swim bladder was first observed at 2 DAH and started to inflate at 9 DAH; from then on,it expanded constantly. The spleen was first observed at 8 DAH and the thymus was evident at 12 DAH. From stage 4 onwards,most organs essentially manifested an increase in size,number,and complexity of tissue structure.展开更多
To investigate the changes of the biochemical composition of American shad(Alosa sapidissima) eggs and larvae at embryonic and early larval stages, samples were collected at different development stages from artificia...To investigate the changes of the biochemical composition of American shad(Alosa sapidissima) eggs and larvae at embryonic and early larval stages, samples were collected at different development stages from artificial fertilization to the end of yolk absorption including 2 h, 12 h and 30 h after fertilization and newly hatched larvae including 1 and 3 days after hatching. The composition of lipid, fatty acids, protein and amino acids were analyzed. The content of total protein exhibited a decreasing trend during embryogenesis and larval development, and a significant reduction was detected after hatching(P < 0.05). The total lipid content remained relative stable. A significant reduction was detected in almost all amino acids after hatching except for glycine(P <0.05), while a significant decrease was found in the content of cysteine, proline, tyrosine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine during the yolk-sac phase(P < 0.05). On the other hand, all the groups of fatty acids remained stable during the period of embryogenesis. But after hatching, a significant decrease was found in the content of C18:2n-6, C18:3n-6, SFA and ratio of EPA/ARA(P < 0.05), while a significant increase was found in the content of C18:3n-3, C20:4n-6, C22:6n-3 and ratio of n-3/n-6(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the combined data suggested that American shad utilizes the protein content as preferential energy substrates during embryonic and early larval developments with some specificity in the consumption of different amino acids.展开更多
文摘通过显微镜及连续切片技术,研究了美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)胚胎发育过程中的形态学及组织学特征。结果显示,在孵化温度为(21.0±0.5)℃的条件下,美洲鲥受精卵经过71 h 15 min大量孵化出膜,其胚胎发育阶段主要分为6个时期。受精卵第1–5次卵裂均为经裂,第6次卵裂(64细胞期),纬裂出现,胚盘被分为外部的包被层和内部的深层细胞两部分。受精6 h 2 min,内外卵黄合胞体层形成。受精7 h 40 min,囊胚腔出现。受精10 h 39 min,胚盘下包30%,胚盾形成;受精14 h 50 min,下包50%,三胚层形成;受精17 h 33 min,下包75%,神经板形成;受精21 h 13 min,下包90%,脑原基、视囊、脊索原基和体节出现;受精24 h 15 min,完全下包,神经胚、听囊、前脑、中脑及后脑出现。受精24 h 55 min,克氏囊形成。受精35 h 44 min,心脏和消化管出现;42 h50 min肾小管形成;47 h 35 min克氏囊消失;60 h 15 min角膜出现。70 h 15 min,仔鱼大量出膜,初孵仔鱼具有一个大而均质的卵黄囊,上面布有明显的色素。美洲鲥胚胎发生发育的特征与大多数报道的硬骨鱼类类似,但在分化发育的时序上具有较大的差异。
文摘应用石蜡切片及HE染色的方法对美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)早期发育过程中眼睛的发生、分化和形成过程进行了系统的观察。结果显示,受精后21 h 13 min,视泡出现;受精后26 h 23 min,视泡发育成视杯;受精后35 h 44 min,原始视网膜和晶状体形成;受精后60 h 15 min,角膜在视网膜前缘处形成,由单一的立方上皮构成;2日龄仔鱼,巩膜分化完成,由软骨组织和弹力纤维构成,脉络膜出现;3日龄仔鱼,虹膜出现,视网膜分化完全,由外向内的色素层、视觉细胞层、外界膜、外核层、外网膜层、内核层、内网膜层、视神经节细胞层、视神经纤维层和内界膜10层构成,此时视觉细胞层中视杆细胞出现;14日龄仔鱼,角膜分化完全,由自外向内的复层扁平上皮、前弹性层、基质层、后弹性层和内皮层5层构成;22日龄仔鱼,脉络膜腺出现;26日龄稚鱼脉络膜分化完全,由外向内依次为银膜层、血管层和色素层,虹膜也完全分化,由外向内依次为虹膜内皮层、前缘层、基质层、后缘层和色素层;45日龄幼鱼,视网膜内核层分化成两层水平细胞。此时美洲鲥眼睛的各个结构均发育完善。
基金Supported by the National Spark Program of China(No.2012GA690001)
文摘We describe organogenesis at a histological level in American shad( Alosa sapidissima) larvae from 0 until 45 days after hatching(DAH). Larval development was divided into four stages based on the feeding mode,external morphological features,and structural changes in the organs: stage 1(0–2 DAH),stage 2(3–5 DAH),stage 3(6–26 DAH) and stage 4(27–45 DAH). At early stage 2(3 DAH),American shad larvae developed the initial digestive and absorptive tissues,including the mouth and anal opening,buccopharyngeal cavity,oesophagus,incipient stomach,anterior and posterior intestine,differentiated hepatocytes,and exocrine pancreas. The digestive and absorptive capacity developed further in stages 2 to 3,at which time the pharyngeal teeth,taste buds,gut mucosa folds,differentiated stomach,and gastric glands could be observed. Four defined compartments were discernible in the heart at 4 DAH. From 3 to 13 DAH,the excretory systems started to develop,accompanied by urinary bladder opening,the appearance and development of primordial pronephros,and the proliferation and convolution of renal tubules. Primordial gills were detected at 2 DAH,the pseudobranch was visible at 6 DAH,and the filaments and lamellae proliferated rapidly during stage 3. The primordial swim bladder was first observed at 2 DAH and started to inflate at 9 DAH; from then on,it expanded constantly. The spleen was first observed at 8 DAH and the thymus was evident at 12 DAH. From stage 4 onwards,most organs essentially manifested an increase in size,number,and complexity of tissue structure.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Technology Infrastructure Construction Project(No.BM201312)the Qingdao postdoctoral application research project(No.Q51201611)the State Level Commonweal Project of Research Institutes(No.20603022015005)
文摘To investigate the changes of the biochemical composition of American shad(Alosa sapidissima) eggs and larvae at embryonic and early larval stages, samples were collected at different development stages from artificial fertilization to the end of yolk absorption including 2 h, 12 h and 30 h after fertilization and newly hatched larvae including 1 and 3 days after hatching. The composition of lipid, fatty acids, protein and amino acids were analyzed. The content of total protein exhibited a decreasing trend during embryogenesis and larval development, and a significant reduction was detected after hatching(P < 0.05). The total lipid content remained relative stable. A significant reduction was detected in almost all amino acids after hatching except for glycine(P <0.05), while a significant decrease was found in the content of cysteine, proline, tyrosine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine during the yolk-sac phase(P < 0.05). On the other hand, all the groups of fatty acids remained stable during the period of embryogenesis. But after hatching, a significant decrease was found in the content of C18:2n-6, C18:3n-6, SFA and ratio of EPA/ARA(P < 0.05), while a significant increase was found in the content of C18:3n-3, C20:4n-6, C22:6n-3 and ratio of n-3/n-6(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the combined data suggested that American shad utilizes the protein content as preferential energy substrates during embryonic and early larval developments with some specificity in the consumption of different amino acids.
