Effects of Different Harvest Periods on Seed Quality of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq.

[Objectives] To clarify the appropriate harvest period of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. seed and improve the quality of seeds. [Methods] In this experiment,the basic parameters and germination characteristics of A. oxyphylla Miq. seeds during different harvest periods were analyzed and compared. [Results] The results showed that the A. oxyphylla Miq. fruit picking period was closely related to the seed quality,and the seed maturity was highest 100 d after the flowering of A. oxyphylla Miq.,that is,the A. oxyphylla Miq. fruit skin turned from green to yellow( yellow-green),the peel had a small number of brown spots,it was spicy enough,the fruit dry/fresh weight ratio was greater than0. 34,the seed thousand kernel weight reached 11 g or more,and the dried seed moisture content was 13. 01%. Using the TTC method,the seed viability index was determined to be 85%,and in this case,it was the best time of harvesting seed. The water permeability of A. oxyphylla Miq. seed was poor,and the seed imbibition and water absorption time was long,about 72 h. The maximum water absorption rate was about23. 71% at the imbibition and water absorption stage,and it was inferred that the A. oxyphylla Miq. seeds were hard seeds. The germination time of A. oxyphylla Miq. seeds was long,the mature A. oxyphylla Miq. seeds began to germinate on the 12 th d,and the germination rate reached 75. 56% on the 50 th d. [Conclusions] This study determined the optimum harvest period of A. oxyphylla Miq. seeds,clarified the biological characteristics of slow seed water absorption and long germination cycle,and concluded that the seed coat was the main factor leading to slow seed water absorption and long seed germination cycle.

Exploration of the effective components and mechanism of Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease based on network pharmacology

Objective:Network pharmacology was used to predict the main targets and related mechanism pathways of the key compounds and active ingredients of the Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix based on the therapeutic strategy of tonifying kidney and dispelling pathogenic wind for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Methods:The effective components of Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix were screened through the data platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).After screening effective targets,the disease target gene database was used to obtain targets for DKD,and then gene enrichment analysis to predict relevant signalling pathways after obtaining the key target genes through Venn analysis.Results:There were 324 active components of Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix through the data platform of TCM.In addition,Venn analysis showed that there were 48 key target genes for the treatment of DKD.The biological pathways for the action of Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix in DKD were closely related to many signaling pathways including NF-kappaB,classical MAP kinase,JNK and P38 MAP kinase,and ERK5.Conclusions:Treatment of DKD with Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix based on the therapeutic strategy of tonifying kidney and dispelling pathogenic wind has the characteristics of multi-components,multi-targets and multi-pathways,which could provide new ideas and methods for further researches on the treatment of DKD with Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix.

Effects of Alpinia oxyphylla on oxidative stress and expression of p47phox in diabetic nephropathy rats

Objective:To explore whether Yizhi(Alpinia oxyphylla,AO)could treat diabetic nephropathy(DN)through the inhibition of p47phox expression which is related to oxidative stress.Methods:Model of DN was established in SD rats with high glucose and fat diet for 4 weeks after STZ intraperitoneal injection.The rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,AO group and irbesartan(IRB)group.Drugs were administered for 4 weeks.Blood glucose and 24-hour urinary protein were measured regularly.The index of ROS,SOD,MDA and Nox2 were tested by ELISA and the expression of p47phox protein in renal tissues were tested by techniques of RT-PCR and Western blot.Results:The decrease of blood sugar in AO group and IRB group were not obvious(P>0.05)while the drugs could significantly reduce the amount of protein in urine(P<0.05).AO could decrease ROS,MDA and Nox2 and increase SOD(P<0.05).It also could inhibit the expression of p47phox which was increased in model group(P<0.05).The IRB group has the similar effects compared with AO group(P>0.05).Conclusion:AO could reduce the amount of 24-hour urinary protein in DN rats and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of p47phox expression thus alleviates excessive oxidative stress response.

Oxyphyllones A and B,novel sesquiterpenes with an unusual 4,5-secoeudesmane skeleton from Alpinia oxyphylla

二新奇 4,5-secoeudesmane sesquiterpenoids， oxyphyllones A (1 ) 和 B (2 ) 从 Alpinia oxyphylla 的水果被孤立。他们的结构被包括 1D 和 2D NMR 系列的分光镜的方法建立。这二混合物是有在 Zingiberaceae 的家庭的一架 4,5-secoeudesmane 骨骼的自然地发生的 sesquiterpenoids 的第一个例子， oxyphyllone A (1 ) 是 13-norsesquiterpenoid 的第一种 4,5-secoeudesmane 类型。1 和 2 展出了的混合物对三个癌症房间的 cytotoxicities 都不在 10 &#x3bc 排队； g/mL。

Protective effects of organic extracts of Alpinia oxyphylla against hydrogen peroxide-induced cvtotoxicitv in PC12 cells

Alpinia oxyphylla,a traditional herb,is widely used for its neuroprotective,antioxidant and memory-improving effects.However,the neuroprotective mechanisms of action of its active ingredients are unclear.In this study,we investigated the neuroprotective effects of various organic extracts of Alpinia oxyphylla on PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury in vitro.Alpinia oxyphylla was extracted three times with 95%ethanol(representing extracts 1–3).The third 95%ethanol extract was dried and resuspended in water,and then extracted successively with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and n-butanol(representing extracts 4–6).The cell counting kit-8 assay and microscopy were used to evaluate cell viability and observe the morphology of PC12 cells.The protective effect of the three ethanol extracts(at tested concentrations of 50,100 and 200μg/mL)against cytotoxicity to PC12 cells increased in a concentration-dependent manner.The ethyl acetate,petroleum ether and n-butanol extracts(each tested at 100,150 and 200μg/mL)had neuroprotective effects as well.The optimum effective concentration ranged from 50–200μg/mL,and the protective effect of the ethyl acetate extract was comparatively robust.These results demonstrate that organic extracts of Alpinia oxyphylla protect PC12 cells against apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide.Our findings should help identify the bioactive neuroprotective components in Alpinia oxyphylla.

Network pharmacology and verification experiment-based prediction of active components and potential targets of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus-Saposhnikoviae Radix(Yizhiren-Fangfeng)for treatment of diabetic kidney disease

Background:In this study,we analyzed the potential active components,related crucial targets and possible signaling pathway mechanisms of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus and Saposhnikoviae Radix(AOF-SR)herb pairs in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)using network pharmacology and verification experiments.Methods:The active compounds and potential targets of AOF-SR were derived from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and PubChem databases,and the potential therapeutic targets of DKD were derived from the OMIM,Drugbank,and DisGeNET databases.The“compounds-diseases-targets”network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.6.0.ClusterMaker functionality in Cytoscape is being used to screen important targets for AOF-SR treatment of DKD.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of important targets were performed using DAVID database.In addition,according to the predicted results of network pharmacology,HK-2 cells were used to construct DKD model for verification experiment.HK-2 cells were divided into control group,high glucose(HG)group and AOF-SR(HG+AOF-SR)group to detect survival rate and expression of key proteins in NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.Results:A total of 38 compounds were selected from AOF-SR,of which 23 were Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus and 15 were Saposhnikoviae Radix.Through enrichment analysis of 82 important targets,88 signaling pathways were identified;some of these pathways,such as the NF-κB,PI3K-Akt,IL-17,and JAK/STAT signaling pathways,regulate the pathological process of DKD.In verification experiment,the HK-2 cells survival rate was higher in the HG+AOF-SR group than in the HG group(P<0.05).Moreover,western blotting results showed that the expression levels of NF-κB,p-PI3K,and p-Akt in HG+AOF-SR group were significantly lower than those in HG group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Overall,this study revealed the active compounds,important targets and possible mechanisms of AOF-SR treatment for DKD,and conducted preliminary verification experiments on its correctness,provided novel insights into the treatment of DKD by AOF-SR.

益智仁-乌药药对调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路介导细胞自噬保护肾小球足细胞的作用机制研究

目的研究益智仁-乌药药对通过调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路促进足细胞自噬治疗糖尿病肾病(Diabetic Nephropathy,DN)的作用。方法60只造模成功的C57BL/KSJ-db/db(以下简称db/db)小鼠随机分为模型组、二甲双胍组、缬沙坦组、益智仁-乌药药对(低、中、高剂量)组,每组10只;另取10只C57BL/KSJ-db/m(以下简称db/m)小鼠为正常组,正常组和模型组给予生理盐水,治疗组小鼠分别给予相应药物,给药8周后检测小鼠肾脏病理学改变,足细胞自噬体数量、结构及相关蛋白表达。结果与模型组相比,益智仁-乌药药对组可显著减轻糖尿病肾病小鼠肾小球基底膜增厚情况,增加足细胞自噬体数量,显著升高自噬相关蛋白表达(P<0.05),降低PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白的表达(P<0.05)。其中益智仁-乌药药对高剂量组各指标改善优于益智仁-乌药低、中剂量组。结论益智仁-乌药药对通过抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路激活,提高足细胞自噬水平,减轻足细胞损伤,发挥治疗糖尿病肾病的作用。

五种不同提取方法益智果实挥发油化学成分分析

目的:分析比较5种不同提取方法所得益智果实挥发油化学成分的差异。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏、超临界CO_(2)萃取、超声辅助提取、溶剂提取及索氏提取益智果实挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析其化学成分,以峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对含量。结果:5种不同提取方法挥发油得率为1.50%~10.37%,从5种提取方法中共鉴定出142个化合物,其中共有化合物5个,从水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油中鉴定出65个化合物,超临界CO_(2)萃取法鉴定出48个化合物,溶剂提取法鉴定55个化合物,超声辅助提取法鉴定出45个化合物,索氏提取法鉴定40个化合物。结论:不同提取方法所得挥发油成分均以萜类及含氧衍生物为主,含量最高的成分均为圆柚酮,但不同提取方法化合物种类和含量存在较大差异,研究结果为益智植物进一步开发利用提供了理论依据。

益智不同种质资源3种主要成分的含量比较

为比较不同种质资源益智中3种活性成分的差异,以资源圃保存的44份益智种质资源为试验材料,采用UHPLC-MS方法对不同种质资源益智果实中圆柚酮、白杨素和原儿茶酸的含量进行检测分析。结果表明,44份益智果实中圆柚酮、白杨素、原儿茶酸平均含量分别为3.013mg/g、0.054mg/g、4.882μg/g,圆柚酮含量范围为0.214mg/g~3.898mg/g,白杨素含量范围为0.001mg/g~0.145mg/g,原儿茶酸含量范围为1.242μg/g~8.015μg/g,种质YZ5-1、YZ1-5圆柚酮含量最高,YZ8-1、YZ6-3白杨素含量最高,YZ1-1原儿茶酸含量最高。益智不同种质资源3种主要成分含量差异较大,以益智圆柚酮、白杨素和原儿茶酸含量为综合评价指标,YZ5-1、YZ6-3、YZ8-1、YZ8-3的药材质量较好,研究结果可为益智品种选育和开发利用提供参考依据。

益智仁在疾病中的研究进展

益智仁为姜科山姜属植物益智的干燥成熟果实,是我国著名的四大南药之一,在临床上常用于治疗腹泻、尿频、炎症以及癌症等疾病。近年来,对益智仁的药理研究主要在其提取物和化学成分上,本文作者综述了其在腹泻、阿尔茨海默病(AD)、癌症、肾病、骨疾病等方面的研究,为以后对益智仁的研究、开发与应用提供了基础。

近5年益智化学成分与药理作用研究进展

查阅中英文文献,综述近5年在益智(Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus)化学成分研究、益智提取物及单体化合物的药理作用研究等方面的新进展,以期为益智的临床应用和药物开发提供参考。

益智药材质量标准概述

益智为药食同源药材,应用广泛,其质量的优劣直接影响药效。益智药材质量标准的建立能够促进益智饮片市场规范化,保障用药的安全。目前,不同国家或地区益智标准存在差异。对益智的国内外质量标准、炮制规范、商品规格等现状进行综述,旨在为益智质量标准的提升和规范研究提供参考。

基于GC指纹图谱及多指标成分含量测定的益智仁质量评价

目的:采用GC建立17批益智仁指纹图谱及4个成分含量测定方法。方法:以萘为内标物,建立17批益智仁GC指纹图谱,以MATLAB软件及自编程序建立共有模式,并结合相似度评价、系统聚类分析、主成分分析对不同产地益智仁进行质量评价,并同时测定益智仁中巴伦西亚橘烯、石竹素、α-香附酮、圆柚酮4个成分的含量。结果:17批益智仁指纹图谱相似度>0.930,确定了21个共有峰,不同产地样品中成分差异较小。17批益智仁中上述4个成分的含量分别为0.6563~2.3369 mg/g、0.1230~0.3313 mg/g、0.1318~0.3586 mg/g、1.4994~2.3376 mg/g,样品间成分含量差异较小,与指纹图谱结果吻合。结论:该研究建立的益智仁GC指纹图谱及4个成分含量测定方法稳定、可靠,可为益智仁的质量控制提供参考。

基于GC-MS及主成分综合评价广东不同产地益智挥发油成分差异

[目的]比较广东5个主产地的益智挥发油成分的差异性,为益智的合理利用和资源开发提供参考。[方法]采用水蒸气蒸馏法对不同产地的益智挥发油进行提取,用GC-MS法对所得挥发油组分进行鉴定分析,同时进行谱库检索,并通过SIMCA+P统计软件进行主成分分析。[结果]广东5个主产地的益智果实挥发油含量均大于1.00%;采用GC-MS技术共鉴定出58个化合物,共有化合物53个,其中γ-松油烯的含量最高;利用主成分分析将53个指标简化为4个综合指标,主成分综合得分从高到低排序为高州、阳春、罗定、信宜、化州;聚类分析表明,5份益智样品在欧氏距离d=8.00的水平上,可划分为3大类群。[结论]广东省5个不同产地益智挥发油化学成分在组成和含量上存在一定的差异。

益智离体再生体系建立

为建立益智高效再生体系,以益智笋芽为外植体,研究无菌外植体的获得,及不同培养基组分对丛生芽增殖、生根苗试管姜培养效果的影响。结果表明:无菌外植体获取以饱和漂白粉溶液处理30min+0.1%升汞溶液处理15min最佳;最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+TDZ 0.1mg/L,添加蔗糖45g/L,增殖倍数达6.85;最利于生根苗试管姜诱导的培养基为MS+NAA 1.5mg/L+IBA 0.5mg/L+甲派鎓1.0mg/L,添加蔗糖90g/L,生根率99.20%,试管姜发生率97.29%,移栽成活率95.93%。

中药益智化学成分的研究

目的 :研究中药益智AlpiniaoxyphyllaMiq .的化学成分。 方法 :利用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化 ,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定 ;用GC MS联机技术鉴定挥发油的化学成分。结果 :从益智分得 10种化合物 ,其中 2个二芳基庚酮 :yakuchinoneA ( 1)、益智醇 (oxyphyllacinol 2 ) ,3个eremophilane烷碳架的倍半萜valencene ( 3 )、nootkanone ( 4 )、nootkanol ( 5 ) ,两个黄酮 :杨芽黄酮 (tectochrysin 6)、白杨素 (chrysin 7) ,以及 β 谷甾醇( 8)、胡萝卜苷 ( 9)和脂肪酸 ( 10 )。用GC MS鉴定了挥发油中 64个化学成分 ,其中含量较高的有 :p cymene( 4 4 87% ) ,valencene ( 9 13 % ) ,linalool ( 4 3 9% ) ,myrtenal ( 3 90 % ) ,β pinene ( 3 87% ) ,α pinene ( 2 93 % ) ,furopelargone ( 2 62 % ) ,terpinen 4 ol( 2 5 6% )等。 结论 :益智醇 ( 2 )为新二芳基庚醇 ,其化学结构为 1 ( 4′ hyroxy 3′ methoxy phenyl) 7 phenyl 3 heptanol,3 ,6和

中药益智挥发油化学成分

目的 :研究益智挥发油化学成分。方法 :GC MS法分析鉴定。结果和结论 :鉴定了 6 4个化合物 ,聚伞花烃香橙烯 ,芳樟醇 ,桃金娘醛 ,α 蒎烯 ,β 蒎烯 ,松油醇 4,天竺葵酮 A ,3,7(11) 香芹二烯 ,别香树烯和圆柚酮等含量较高 ;并分得香橙烯、圆柚酮和圆柚醇作核证 ;芳樟醇氧化物 ,香橙烯 ,蜂斗菜内酯 A ,天竺葵酮 A和菖蒲烯醇 3为首次报道。

益智的化学成分与药理作用研究进展

益智为中医临床常用中药,传统用于用于脾寒泻泄,腹中冷痛,口多唾涎,肾虚遗尿,小便频数,遗精白浊等。本文检索近年来国内外学者对益智仁研究的文献,对其化学成分及药理作用研究近况进行了综述。益智仁主要成分为倍半萜类,其次为黄酮类、二芳基庚烷类、甾醇及其苷类化合物;具有抗癌、强心、镇痛、镇静、抗溃疡、止泻、抗氧化、抗衰老、降血脂、保肝等作用。益智仁虽含有丰富的化学成分,具有多种药理活性,但与功效相关的药效物质还有待进一步明确。

益智仁水提取物对D-半乳糖诱导脑老化小鼠学习记忆的影响

以昆明种小鼠为实验动物,采用学习记忆行为训练和生化测定相结合的方法,探讨了益智仁水提取物对D-半乳糖诱导脑老化小鼠学习记忆能力的影响.结果表明:益智仁水提取物可显著改善脑老化小鼠的学习记忆能力,其作用机制可能与益智仁的抗氧化作用有关.

益智仁盐炙前后对肾阳虚多尿大鼠肾脏改善作用研究

目的比较益智仁盐炙前后对肾阳虚多尿模型大鼠脏器指数和肾脏病理变化的影响,初步探讨益智仁温肾缩尿机制。方法采用腺嘌呤致大鼠肾阳虚多尿模型,比较益智仁盐炙前后石油醚部位对大鼠尿量,肾上腺、肾脏、脾脏、胸腺指数及肾脏病理变化的影响。结果与模型组相比,益智仁生品和盐炙品组有显著缩尿作用(P<0.05);脏器指数除肾上腺外,各给药组肾、脾、胸腺指数与模型组比较均显著改善作用(P<0.05);模型组大鼠肾脏肾小球萎缩、代偿性肥大,肾小管有萎缩变小或扩张等病理改变,给药各组与模型组相比均有不同程度的改善。结论益智仁盐炙前后对腺嘌呤所致肾阳虚多尿模型大鼠肾脏指数和病理变化均具较好改善作用,但盐炙后作用明显增强。