Diets, functional foods, and nutraceuticals as alternative therapies for inflammatory bowel disease: Present status and future trends

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a serious health concern among western societies. The disease is also on the rise in some East Asian countries and in Australia. Health professionals and dietitians around the world are facing an unprecedented challenge to prevent and control the increasing prevalence of IBD. The current therapeutic strategy that includes drugs and biological treatments is inefficient and are associated with adverse health consequences. In this context, the use of natural products is gaining worldwide attention. In vivo studies and clinical evidence suggest that wellplanned dietary regimens with specific nutrients can alleviate gastrointestinal inflammation by modulating inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin 1(IL-1), IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10. Alternatively, the avoidance of high-fat and highcarbohydrate diets is regarded as an effective tool to eliminate the causes of IBD. Many functional foods and bioactive components have received attention for showing strong therapeutic effects against IBD. Both animal and human studies suggest that bioactive functional foods can ameliorate IBD by downregulating the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor κB, STAT1, STAT6, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, COX-2, TNF-α, and interferon γ. Therefore, functional foods and diets have the potential to alleviate IBD by modulating the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Future comprehensive studies are needed to corroborate the potential roles of functional foods and diets in the prevention and control of IBD.

Insufficiency of Cellular Energy (ICE) May Precede Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease and Be Treatable via the Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) Pathway

The term neurodegeneration emphasizes the destruction of neuronal cells as the primary explanation of many major neurological illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease. Specialized functioning of cells requires more cellular energy than is needed for basic cell survival. Cells can acquire energy both from the metabolism of food and from the alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway. The ACE pathway is an added dynamic (kinetic) quality of the body’s fluids occurring from the absorption of an external force termed KELEA (Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction). KELEA is attracted to separated electrical charges and is seemingly partially released as the charges become more closely linked. As suggested elsewhere, the fluctuating electrical activity in the brain may attract KELEA from the environment and, thereby, contribute to the body’s ACE pathway. Certain illnesses affecting the brain may impede this proposed antenna function of the brain, leading to a systemic insufficiency of cellular energy (ICE). Furthermore, individual neurons may derive some of the energy for their own activities from the repetitive depolarization of the cell. This may explain why hyper-excitability of neurons can occur in response to cell damage. This adaptive mechanism is unlikely to be sustainable, however, especially if there is a continuing need to synthesize neurotransmitters and membrane ion channels. The energy deficient neurons would then become quiescent and, although remaining viable, would not perform their intended specialized functions. Actual cell death would not necessarily occur till much later in the disease process. The distinction between quiescent and degenerated cells is important since the ACE pathway can be enhanced by several means, including the regular consumption of KELEA activated water. This, in turn, may improve the proposed antenna function of individual neurons, leading to a sustained restoration of specialized function via the ACE pathway. This paper explores this novel concept and provides a rationale for clinical testing of KELEA activated water in patients with neurological and psychiatric illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease.

The Alternative Therapeutic in Pediatric Cancer: What We Know?

Scientific research has brought about enormous national advancements in cancer management. Currently, Morocco provides several therapeutic tools for cancer, among them chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. In Morocco, there is not enough published data on the use of alternative medicine in pediatric oncology. Owing to the increased interest and lack of data on this practice, we conducted this study. It aims to evaluate the uptake, the types of therapies used, the factors influencing, the reasons for this choice and the cost of AM used by patients. An investigation through a questionnaire was carried out on thirty-four children following for cancer within the pediatric hematology and oncology department (PHO) of Marrakech. The survey was conducted over a period of one month and a half between July 25 and September 5, 2022. Data were collected through a questionnaire. From the medical files, we collected data regarding type of cancer, date of admission to PHO department and the treatment received. We asked about the type of AM used: herbs, honey, spiritual AM, zamzam water (water from a “sacred” source in Mecca). Using alternative therapies is a common practice in pediatric oncology with various reasons, among them, the declining socioeconomic level, the diversity, the cultural background, the psychological and the functional status of patients and sometimes the dissatisfaction with conventional medicine.

Toxoplasma ROP16Ⅰ/Ⅲ ameliorated inflammatory bowel diseases via inducing M2 phenotype of macrophages

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is characterized by chronic and non-specific inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and mainly includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.AIM To explore the beneficial effect of ToxoROP16I/III-induced M2 phynotype macrophages in homeostasis of IBDs through downregulation of M1 inflammatory cells.METHODS RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)(M1 cells)were co-cultured with Caco-2 cells as an inflammatory model of IBD in vitro.The expression of ToxoROP16I/III was observed in RAW264.7 macrophages that were transfected with pEGFP-rop16I/III.The phenotypes of M2 and M1 macrophage cells were assessed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and the expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1,IL-10,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),and arginase-1(Arg-1)was detected.The expression of iNOS,Arg-1,signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3),p-Stat3,Stat6,p-Stat6,programmed death ligand-2(PD-L2),caspase-3,-8,and-9 was analyzed by Western blotting,and Griess assays were performed to detect nitric oxide(NO).TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,TGF-β1,and IL-10 expression in the supernatants was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and Caco-2 cell apoptosis was co-culture system.RESULTS M1 cells exhibited significantly increased production of iNOS,NO,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6,while ToxoROP16I/III induced macrophage bias to M2 cells in vitro,showing increased expression of Arg-1,IL-10 and TGF-β1 and elevated production of p-Stat3 and p-Stat6.The mixed M1 and M2 cell culture induced by ToxoROP16I/III exhibited decreased production of NO and iNOS and upregulated expression of Arg-1 and PD-L2.Accordingly,Caco-2 cells became apoptotic,and apoptosis-associated proteins such as caspase-3,-8 and-9 were dampened during co-culture of M1 and M2 cells.Flow cytometry analysis showed that co-culture of M1 cells with Caco-2 cells facilitated the apoptosis of Caco-2 cells,but co-culture of M1 and M2 cells alleviated Caco-2 cell apoptosis.CONCLUSION ToxoROP16I/III-induced M2 macrophages inhibited apoptosis of Caco-2 cells caused by M1 macrophages.This finding may help gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanism and represent a promising therapeutic strategy for IBDs.

Patients'perspectives on smoking and inflammatory bowel disease:An online survey in collaboration with European Federation of Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis Associations

BACKGROUNDSmoking has detrimental effects on Crohn’s disease (CD) activity while data onulcerative colitis (UC) are conflicting. Little is known about the use and impact ofalternative smoking products in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).AIMTo understand the patients’ perceptions of the impact of smoking on their IBDand to assess differences between CD and UC patients.METHODSThe questionnaire was developed by Philip Morris Products SA in cooperationwith European Federation of Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis Associations. Thefinal survey questionnaire consisted of 41 questions divided in 8 categories: (1)Subject screener;(2) Smoking history;(3) Background information;(4) IBD diseasebackground;(5) Current disease status;(6) Current therapeutics and medications;and (7) Current nicotine/cigarettes use and awareness of the impacts of smokingon IBD. The questionnaire was submitted online from 4th November 2019 to 11th March 2020 through the European Federation of Crohn's and Ulcerative ColitisAssociations website to IBD patients who were current smokers or had a historyof smoking.RESULTSIn total 1050 IBD patients speaking nine languages participated to the survey.Among them, 807 (76.9%) patients declared to have ever smoked or consumed analternative smoking product, with a higher proportion of current cigarettesmokers among CD patients (CD: 63.1% vs UC: 54.1%, P = 0.012). About twothirdsof the participants declared to have ever stopped cigarette smoking andrestarted (67.0%), with a significantly higher proportion among UC patientscompared to CD patients (73.1% vs 62.0%, P = 0.001). We also found significantdifferences between CD and UC patients in the awareness of the healthconsequences of smoking in their disease and in the perceived impact of smokingon disease activity, for both cigarettes and alternative smoking products.CONCLUSIONThis survey found significant differences between CD and UC patients in bothawareness and perception of the impact of smoking on their disease. Furtherefforts should be done to encourage smoking cessation for all IBD patients,including UC patients.

Challenges and trends in apomorphine drug delivery systems for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease(PD) is a chronic debilitating disease affecting approximately 1% of the population over the age of 60. The severity of PD is correlated to the degree of dopaminergic neuronal loss. Apomorphine has a similar chemical structure as the neurotransmitter dopamine and has been used for the treatment of advanced PD patients. In PD patients,apomorphine is normally administered subcutaneously with frequent injections because of the compound's extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. There is, hence, a large unmet need for alternative administrative routes for apomorphine to improve patient compliance.The present review focuses on the research and development of alternative delivery of apomorphine, aiming to highlight the potential of non-invasive apomorphine therapy in PD,such as sublingual delivery and transdermal delivery.

Study on Parameters of Consumer Preferences for Alternative Wheat Products (Gluten-Free Foods) in USA and India

Celiac Disease (CD) is an inherited, autoimmune disorder in which proteins from the grains wheat, rye and barley (collectively called gluten) damage the small intestine. The only treatment for CD is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. With a prevalence rate of about one in 100-133 people worldwide. Celiac disease is wide-spread across the globe. Unlike traditional allergies, which cause immediate reactions, gluten sensitivity is harder to pin down since it manifests gradually and in various forms like headaches, stomach cramps, bloating, anxiety, and depression. Due to complicated diagnosis procedure and lack of awareness, many cases are either misdiagnosed or not at all diagnosed in India and USA. In spite of high growth, gluten-free foods are facing problems to grain ground in Asian market, due to high price, lack of awareness about the products, large number of un-diagnosed cases and inefficient value chain for gluten-free products. One of the major issues in India and USA is very high prices of gluten-free foods as compared to regular food products. Globally, the market potential of gluten free products is estimated to be USD 4639.13 Million and USD 7594.43 Million in 2015 and 2020 respectively. The global gluten free food market is projected to grow with a CAGR between 9 percent and 10.2 percent during 2016-2022. The study on consumer preference of gluten-free foods would enable manufacturers of gluten-free foods to understand the current and evolving expectations of consumers and to design the products according. Study of two countries i.e., India and USA would enable manufacturers to understand the difference in choices and preferences related to gluten-free foods for both the nations. This study would help manufacturers of alternative wheat product to form the concrete marketing and product development strategy based on recent consumer behavior trends.

Roles of alternative splicing in infectious diseases: from hosts, pathogens to their interactions

Alternative splicing(AS)is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that removes introns and ligates exons to generate mature messenger RNAs(mRNAs),extremely improving the richness of transcriptome and proteome.Both mammal hosts and pathogens require AS to maintain their life activities,and inherent physiological heterogeneity between mammals and pathogens makes them adopt different ways to perform AS.Mammals and fungi conduct a two-step transesterification reaction by spliceosomes to splice each individual mRNA(named cis-splicing).Parasites also use spliceosomes to splice,but this splicing can occur among different mRNAs(named trans-splicing).Bacteria and viruses directly hijack the host’s splicing machinery to accomplish this process.Infection-related changes are reflected in the spliceosome behaviors and the characteristics of various splicing regulators(abundance,modification,distribution,movement speed,and conformation),which further radiate to alterations in the global splicing profiles.Genes with splicing changes are enriched in immune-,growth-,or metabolism-related pathways,highlighting approaches through which hosts crosstalk with pathogens.Based on these infection-specific regulators or AS events,several targeted agents have been developed to fight against pathogens.Here,we summarized recent findings in the field of infection-related splicing,including splicing mechanisms of pathogens and hosts,splicing regulation and aberrant AS events,as well as emerging targeted drugs.We aimed to systemically decode host–pathogen interactions from a perspective of splicing.We further discussed the current strategies of drug development,detection methods,analysis algorithms,and database construction,facilitating the annotation of infection-related splicing and the integration of AS with disease phenotype.

饲料添加中药抗病促生长与替抗应用研究

重点回顾兽用中药抗病促生长的历史背景,对兽用中药饲料添加应用经验进行总结,提出兽用中药“替抗”应以饲料添加为主要应用方向。对农业农村部饲料药物添加剂品种、《饲料原料目录》、卫生部门发布的“食药物质”目录进行全面梳理,提出“药饲同源”品种名单,研究提出科学遴选和应用兽用中药“替抗”品种原则建议,在现有兽药国家标准和注册标准品种基础上,通过与“药饲同源”品种比对分析,筛选出21种“替抗”兽用中药制剂,为兽用抗菌药使用减量化提供参考。

经颅交流电刺激治疗神经精神疾病认知功能损害研究进展

认知功能障碍是脑高级功能的损伤,由神经精神疾病引起的认知功能损害对患者的生活质量和疾病转归造成严重影响。经颅交流电刺激(transcranial alternating current stimulation,tACS)通过调节特定频率的神经振荡、影响5-羟色胺和多巴胺等神经递质的释放、增强脑网络局部与远端的同步,达到改善认知功能的效果。特定频率的tACS可以改善阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)、精神分裂症、抑郁障碍引起的认知功能损害,其中以gamma和theta频率tACS对认知功能的影响最为显著。tACS安全性高,操作难度小,对改善神经精神疾病患者的认知功能具有巨大潜力。

隔日禁食在慢性疾病中的研究进展

慢性疾病逐渐成为我国居民死亡的首位原因,给社会造成巨大的负担。饮食控制是对慢性疾病管理的重要方式。隔日禁食(alternate-day fasting,ADF)是一种禁食日与自由进食日交替进行的新兴饮食模式。此综述通过分析隔日禁食在慢性疾病的文献,发现隔日禁食在预防和改善神经系统疾病、心血管疾病、肿瘤、代谢性疾病等方面有着积极影响。目前隔日禁食的研究仍是在动物方面较多,广泛的推广需更多的临床随机试验,评估其安全性、有效性和依从性。

牙周病非手术治疗中的替代或辅助疗法研究进展

牙周病属于口腔常见病,造成牙周病的原因诸多,口腔局部刺激因素如牙菌斑、解剖结构异常、不良修复体等;全身促进因素如遗传因素、全身系统疾病、吸烟等,患者可能出现牙龈红肿、出血、溢脓以及牙龈退缩,严重的会出现牙齿脱落的状况,给患者的心理、工作和社会活动都会带来严重影响。在牙周病的早期阶段,非手术治疗作为牙周病的保守方法 ,有助于控制病情恶化。故本文就牙周病非手术治疗中的替代或辅助疗法进行总结,旨在为牙周病治疗研究提供新思路。

腹膜透析替代治疗对终末期肾脏病患者炎性因子、不良反应及效果的影响

目的探讨腹膜透析替代治疗对终末期肾脏病患者炎性因子、不良反应及效果的影响。方法选择2022年1月—2023年1月毕节市第一人民医院收治的88例终末期肾脏病患者,并按随机数表法分为两组,各44例,对照组采用常规血液透析治疗,观察组采用腹膜透析替代治疗,比较两组炎性因子、肾功能、营养状况、不良反应及效果。结果观察组治疗总有效率(95.45%)高于对照组(77.27%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.175,P<0.05);观察组透析3个月后降钙素原、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比低于对照组,肌酐、尿素氮低于对照组,肾小球滤过率高于对照组,血红蛋白、转铁蛋白、白蛋白、微型营养评估简表评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率(6.82%)低于对照组(22.73%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.423,P<0.05)。结论腹膜透析替代治疗能调节终末期肾脏病患者炎性因子及减少不良反应,改善营养状态,利于保护肾功能。

Cortico–subcortical spatiotemporal dynamics in Parkinson’s disease can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation

Objective:We investigated changes in cortico–subcortical spatiotemporal dynamics to explore the treatment mechanisms oftranscranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)in patientswith Parkinson’s disease(PD).Methods:Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)data were collected from 20 patients with PD and 20 normal controls(NC).Each patient with PD received successivemultidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment and tACStreatment over a one-year interval.Individual functional brain network mapping and co-activation pattern(CAP)analysis were performed to characterize cortico–subcortical dynamics.Results:The same tACS electrode placement stimulated different proportions of functional brain networks across the participants.CAP analysis revealed that the visual network,attentional network,and default mode network co-activated with the thalamus,accumbens,and amygdala,respectively.The pattern characterized by thede-activation of the visual network and the activation of the thalamus showed a significantly low amplitude in the patients with PD than inNCs,and this amplitude increased after tACS treatment.Furthermore,the co-occurrence of cortico–subcortical CAPs was significantly higherin patients with PD than in NCs and decreased after tACS treatment.Conclusions:This study investigated cortico–subcortical spatiotemporaldynamics in patients with PD and further revealed the tACS treatmentmechanism.These findings contribute to understanding cortico–subcortical dynamics and exploring noninvasive neuromodulationtargets of cortico–subcortical circuits in brain diseases,such as PD,Alzheimer’s disease,and depression.

Targeting the alternative bile acid synthetic pathway for metabolic diseases

The gut microbiota is profoundly involved in glucose and lipid metabolism,in part by regulating bile acid(BA)metabolism and affecting multiple BA-receptor signaling pathways.BAs are synthesized in the liver by multi-step reactions catalyzed via two distinct routes,the classical pathway(producing the 12α-hydroxylated primary BA,cholic acid),and the alternative pathway(producing the non-12α-hydroxylated primary BA,chenodeoxycholic acid).BA synthesis and excretion is a major pathway of cholesterol and lipid catabolism,and thus,is implicated in a variety of metabolic diseases including obesity,insulin resistance,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Additionally,both oxysterols and BAs function as signaling molecules that activate multiple nuclear and membrane receptor-mediated signaling pathways in various tissues,regulating glucose,lipid homeostasis,inflammation,and energy expenditure.Modulating BA synthesis and composition to regulate BA signaling is an interesting and novel direction for developing therapies for metabolic disease.In this review,we summarize the most recent findings on the role of BA synthetic pathways,with a focus on the role of the alternative pathway,which has been under-investigated,in treating hyperglycemia and fatty liver disease.We also discuss future perspectives to develop promising pharmacological strategies targeting the alternative BA synthetic pathway for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

A Survey of Application of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Chinese Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study

Objective:To investigate the prevale nee and spectrum of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)application and its related-factors in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients in China.Methods:A structured questionnaire regarding the use of CAMs was administered to PD patients by face-to-face interview.Demographic and social variables,clinical characteristics and treatments,and the related factors of PD were also surveyed.Results:Ninety out of 113 patients(79.6%)reported that they had received CAMs treatment,of which 48.6%(55/113)patients had received CAMs treatment for PD.The top 3 kinds of CAMs for PD were Chinese materia medica,rehabilitation exercise,and acupuncture ordinally.The source of information regarding CAMs treatment mainly came from relatives and friends(51.8%,73 cases),followed by physicians(31.9%,45 cases),and medias such as television,newspapers or the internet(16.3%,28 cases).Fifty percent of CAM users reported a good therapeutic efficacy,whereas 39% patients reported that they felt neither better nor worse after the treatment,while 11% patients claimed worsening of symptoms.Multiple correspondence analyses survey found the main factors affecting the selectivity of CAMs ranked in the following order:in come,education,occupati on,habitati on,age at on set,Hoeh n and Yahr staging,PD durati on,and gen der.Conclusion:CAMs,especially Chin ese materia medica,rehabilitation exercise,and acupuncture,are widely used for PD patients in China.

Review on Efficacy and Health Services Research Studies of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Objective：To assess the evidence of the use and efficacy for complementary and alternative medicine（CAM） in inflammatory bowel disease（IBD）. Methods：A systematic literature search in MEDLINE was performed for randomized controlled trials（RCTs） in Crohn＇s disease and ulcerative colitis.Moreover,a selective literature search for health services research studies on the use of CAM in patients with IBD was performed.Results：Health services research studies showed a high use of CAM in adult and pediatric patients with IBD worldwide.In contrast to the high use among IBD patients,there was a lack of high-quality data for many of the used CAM methods.Although most of the studies showed positive results,the methodological quality of most studies was rather low;therefore,the results had to be interpreted with caution.While there were many studies for probiotics and fish oil,RCTs for the highly used method homeopathy, for most herbal products,and for traditional Chinese medicine methods apart from acupuncture RCTs were completely lacking.Conclusions：The lack of high-quality studies might be the consequence of the problems associated with the funding of clinical trials involving CAM.However,having the high user rates in mind,high-quality studies assessing efficacy and safety of those methods are urgently needed.Furthermore,there is a need for better representation of CAM in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education.

Population-scale genetic control of alternative polyadenylation and its association with human diseases

Background:Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have identified thousands of genomic non-coding variants statistically associated with many human traits and diseases,including cancer.However,the functional interpretation of these non-coding variants remains a significant challenge in the post-GWAS era.Alternative polyadenylation(APA)plays an essential role in post-transcriptional regulation for most human genes.By employing different poly(A)sites,genes can either shorten or extend the 3'-UTRs that contain cu-regulatory elements such as miRNAs or RNA-binding protein binding sites.Therefore,APA can affect the mRNA stability,translation,and cellular localization of proteins.Population-scale studies have revealed many inherited genetic variants that potentially impact APA to further influence disease susceptibility and phenotypic diversity,but systematic computational investigations to delineate the connections are in their earliest states.Results:Here,we discuss the evolving definitions of the genetic basis of APA and the modern genomics tools to identify,characterize,and validate the genetic influences of APA events in human populations.We also explore the emerging and surprisingly complex molecular mechanisms that regulate APA and summarize the genetic control of APA that is associated with complex human diseases and traits.Conclusion:APA is an intermediate molecular phenotype that can translate human common non-coding variants to individual phenotypic variability and disease susceptibility.

土传病害防治技术进展及面临的挑战

近10年来,随着人们对环境的关注,绿色发展成为农业生产的主流。在土传病害的防治中,要尽可能减少对环境和生态的影响,同时保证取得更好的经济效益。因而,一些环境友好的防治技术受到重视。农业防治技术如抗性品种利用和嫁接、阻截传播、深翻、轮作和无土栽培;生物防治技术如生物熏蒸、厌氧消毒、生物防治制剂等;物理防治技术如太阳能消毒、火焰消毒、微波消毒、电消毒、射频消毒也在不断地创新;化学防治技术主要依赖土壤熏蒸剂,一些新型的环境友好的熏蒸剂如异硫氰酸烯丙酯、二甲基二硫、乙二腈、乙蒜素等也在不断发展。熏蒸剂新剂型、新的施药机械也在不断创新。土壤熏蒸剂在防治土传病害时,也会对土壤中的微生态造成不同程度的影响。此外,我们也应该清醒地认识到任何技术都有两面性,并正视不同防治技术中的不足。土传病害作为一类难以防治的病害,也面临着巨大的挑战,高传染性要求有高质量的种苗和高效的防治和阻隔技术,土传病害的定量检测技术,土壤中的病原菌数量与发病的关系、土壤微生态对发病的影响都是亟待研究和解决的问题。在防控土传病害时,如何减少温室气体的排放、减少防治投入以及塑料薄膜的污染均为面临的环境和经济学挑战。

旁路途径补体系统激活与糖尿病肾脏疾病的研究进展

糖尿病肾脏疾病已经成为中国终末期肾衰竭的首要病因。旁路途径补体系统激活参与了糖尿病肾脏疾病的发生发展。高血糖状态下,糖基化模式识别分子可以激活补体调节蛋白,从而导致不能被控制的旁路补体途径过度激活。旁路补体途径激活的有效阻断可能是治疗糖尿病肾脏疾病的一种新手段。本文就糖尿病肾脏疾病旁路途径补体系统激活的机制、靶向旁路途径补体系统治疗糖尿病肾脏疾病进行综述。