Forest roads require important design specifications to ensure all-season access for various vehicles. Long and heavy log trucks can face serious maneuvering problems on forest roads due to insufficient amount of area...Forest roads require important design specifications to ensure all-season access for various vehicles. Long and heavy log trucks can face serious maneuvering problems on forest roads due to insufficient amount of area to the left for road widening on horizontal curves. In order to provide safe and continuous shipment and transportation,appropriate curve widening areas should be provided for long vehicles along horizontal curves. In this study, a statistical model was developed to provide curve-widening solutions for long trucks（e.g., those with 18 wheels） considering various curve radius and deflection angles. The dynamic curve widening feature of Plateia 2013 program was employed to calculate curve widening for the specified vehicle. During the solution process, nine different horizontal curve diameters from 10 to 50 m（by 5 m intervals）and 17 different deflection angles from 90° to 170°（by 5°intervals） were evaluated to run horizontal curve-widening analysis. Using a multiple regression model, we made suitable predictions about curve widening. The curvewidening areas decrease as the horizontal curve radius increases, while increasing the deflection angle on horizontal curves increases curve widening areas. Clearly, the computer-based dynamic curve widening model developed in this study can be effectively used in determining optimum widening for horizontal curves by evaluating the number of alternatives that fit geometrical specifications and vehicle types.展开更多
Accurate and effective assessment of strategic alternatives of an organization directly affects the decision-making and execution of its deve1opment strategy. In evaIuation of strategic alternatives , relevant element...Accurate and effective assessment of strategic alternatives of an organization directly affects the decision-making and execution of its deve1opment strategy. In evaIuation of strategic alternatives , relevant elements from both interna1 and external environments of an organization must be considered. In this paper we use strategic assessment model to evaluate strategic alternatives of an air-conditioning company. Strategic objectives and alternatives of the company are developed through analysis of the competitive environment, key competitors and internal conditions. The environment factors are classified into internal, task, and general opportunities and threats. Ana1ytical hierarchy process, subjective probabilities, entropy concept, and utility theory are used to enhance decision-maker's ability in evaluating strategic alternatives. The evatuation results show that the most effective strategic alternative for the company is to reduce types of products, concentrate its effort on producing window-type and cupboard-type air-conditioners, enlarge the production scale, and pre-empt the market. The company has made great progress by implementing this alternative. We conc1ude that SAM is an appropriate tool for eva1uating strategic alternatives.展开更多
In this paper,an emergency decision-making method,based on case-based reasoning and cloud model,is proposed to solve the risk decision-making problem in emergency response.Casebased reasoning,by allowing the decision-...In this paper,an emergency decision-making method,based on case-based reasoning and cloud model,is proposed to solve the risk decision-making problem in emergency response.Casebased reasoning,by allowing the decision-maker to referring to past decisions,introduces a short-cut to formulate feasible emergency alternatives.Cloud model is used to evaluate and optimise the emergency response alternatives.To evaluate emergency response alternatives,the decision criterion must be determined according to the aim and characteristics of emergency rescue in disasters or accidents.Then,the weight cloud and evaluation cloud of the decision criterion are determined by the Delphi method combined with backward cloud generator,and the synthesised cloud of each alternative is calculated through arithmetic rules of cloud.Finally,a ranking of all response alternatives can be determined,and the best alternative is selected.Case study shows that the method makes the conversion between qualitative description and quantitative indication more effective.展开更多
The scientific literature presents a modest amount ot evidence m the use or complementary ana al[erna- tire medicine （CAM）. On the other hand, in practice, relevant results are common. The debates among CAM practiti...The scientific literature presents a modest amount ot evidence m the use or complementary ana al[erna- tire medicine （CAM）. On the other hand, in practice, relevant results are common. The debates among CAM practitioners about the quality and execution of scientific research are important, Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather, synthesize and describe the differentiated methodological models that encompass the complexity of therapeutic interventions. The process of bringing evidence-based medicine into clinical practice in CAM is essential for the growth and strengthening of complementary medicines worldwide.展开更多
文摘Forest roads require important design specifications to ensure all-season access for various vehicles. Long and heavy log trucks can face serious maneuvering problems on forest roads due to insufficient amount of area to the left for road widening on horizontal curves. In order to provide safe and continuous shipment and transportation,appropriate curve widening areas should be provided for long vehicles along horizontal curves. In this study, a statistical model was developed to provide curve-widening solutions for long trucks（e.g., those with 18 wheels） considering various curve radius and deflection angles. The dynamic curve widening feature of Plateia 2013 program was employed to calculate curve widening for the specified vehicle. During the solution process, nine different horizontal curve diameters from 10 to 50 m（by 5 m intervals）and 17 different deflection angles from 90° to 170°（by 5°intervals） were evaluated to run horizontal curve-widening analysis. Using a multiple regression model, we made suitable predictions about curve widening. The curvewidening areas decrease as the horizontal curve radius increases, while increasing the deflection angle on horizontal curves increases curve widening areas. Clearly, the computer-based dynamic curve widening model developed in this study can be effectively used in determining optimum widening for horizontal curves by evaluating the number of alternatives that fit geometrical specifications and vehicle types.
文摘Accurate and effective assessment of strategic alternatives of an organization directly affects the decision-making and execution of its deve1opment strategy. In evaIuation of strategic alternatives , relevant elements from both interna1 and external environments of an organization must be considered. In this paper we use strategic assessment model to evaluate strategic alternatives of an air-conditioning company. Strategic objectives and alternatives of the company are developed through analysis of the competitive environment, key competitors and internal conditions. The environment factors are classified into internal, task, and general opportunities and threats. Ana1ytical hierarchy process, subjective probabilities, entropy concept, and utility theory are used to enhance decision-maker's ability in evaluating strategic alternatives. The evatuation results show that the most effective strategic alternative for the company is to reduce types of products, concentrate its effort on producing window-type and cupboard-type air-conditioners, enlarge the production scale, and pre-empt the market. The company has made great progress by implementing this alternative. We conc1ude that SAM is an appropriate tool for eva1uating strategic alternatives.
基金This work was supported by National Social Science Fund of China[grant number 18BGL232].
文摘In this paper,an emergency decision-making method,based on case-based reasoning and cloud model,is proposed to solve the risk decision-making problem in emergency response.Casebased reasoning,by allowing the decision-maker to referring to past decisions,introduces a short-cut to formulate feasible emergency alternatives.Cloud model is used to evaluate and optimise the emergency response alternatives.To evaluate emergency response alternatives,the decision criterion must be determined according to the aim and characteristics of emergency rescue in disasters or accidents.Then,the weight cloud and evaluation cloud of the decision criterion are determined by the Delphi method combined with backward cloud generator,and the synthesised cloud of each alternative is calculated through arithmetic rules of cloud.Finally,a ranking of all response alternatives can be determined,and the best alternative is selected.Case study shows that the method makes the conversion between qualitative description and quantitative indication more effective.
文摘The scientific literature presents a modest amount ot evidence m the use or complementary ana al[erna- tire medicine （CAM）. On the other hand, in practice, relevant results are common. The debates among CAM practitioners about the quality and execution of scientific research are important, Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather, synthesize and describe the differentiated methodological models that encompass the complexity of therapeutic interventions. The process of bringing evidence-based medicine into clinical practice in CAM is essential for the growth and strengthening of complementary medicines worldwide.
