Tectonic analysis and petroleum significance of Cenozoic faults in Dongping-Niuzhong area in Altyn slope

The evolution process and petroleum significance of two groups of fault structures,the NW-SE trending and near EW trending ones in the Cenozoic of Dongping-Niuzhong area of the Altyn slope,Qaidam Basin,were investigated using high precision 3-D seismic data.The NW-SE faults were generated in Oligocene,causing the formation of a series of folds related to transpression faults in the Niuzhong and Dongping area.After the Miocene,with the continuous extension of the Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault zone,the EW trending faults began to develop massively in Altyn slope.The activity of near EW trending faults and large-scale uplift of the bedrock in the northern Niuzhong area shared most of the compression torsion in Niuzhong and Dongping area,consequently,the activity of NW-SE trending faults weakened significantly after the Miocene.Then good hydrocarbon source rocks developed in the inherited Jurassic sags.The faults were effective pathways for oil and gas migration in Dongping and Niuzhong areas,and the oil and gas charging time matched well with the formation period of the NW-SE trending faults and their related structures,making the fault-related anticlines favorable targets for oil and gas accumulation.The Niuzhong area has been less affected by the Cenozoic movement after the Miocene,and thus has better conditions for gas reservoir preservation.

柴达木盆地阿尔金斜坡带构造特征与阿尔金断裂形成时间讨论——以月牙山地区为例

研究区位于柴达木盆地阿尔金斜坡带的中段,跨越柴达木盆地、阿尔金断裂和索尔库里盆地三个构造单元,阿尔金斜坡带总体上表现为大致向南倾斜的斜坡,是一个在三位空间上变化的曲面,其包络面的走向与阿尔金断裂的走向基本一致。阿尔金斜坡带由与阿尔金断裂伴生的轴向近东西、靠近断裂逐渐向其收敛的背斜构成,在阿尔金山前表现为一系列斜列鼻状构造,在空间上呈宽缓的、隆拗相间的有规律性变化,在大部分地段表现为由堆垛式双重构造自北向南的逆冲作用形成的大型背斜的前翼。根据背斜前翼生长地层确定阿尔金断裂自下干柴沟组上段沉积时期(38Ma)开始形成,至今一直处于持续的活动状态。在下干柴沟组上段至上油砂山组沉积时期(38～8.1Ma),断裂的活动强度较小,自狮子沟组沉积开始(8.1Ma),断裂的活动强度明显增大。

阿尔金构造带对塔东南油气地质条件的制约

阿尔金构造带包括阿尔金碰撞造山带和阿尔金逆冲-走滑断裂系。阿尔金造山带是塔里木盆地周边已知的最古老的碰撞造山带,以高压-超高压变质作用为标志的峰期碰撞造山作用发生于晚寒武-早奥陶世,这次碰撞造山作用很可能引起相邻塔东南地区的大幅度隆升,导致塔东南地区的中-上奥陶统遭受剥蚀,并使塔东南地区在志留-二叠纪期间总体处于不利于沉积的地质环境,隆升作用也在一定程度上推迟了寒武-奥陶系烃源岩的生排烃时间。从中生代开始的阿尔金逆冲-走滑断裂系错移并改造了阿尔金碰撞造山带,并在阿尔金山和塔东南地区造成了一系列的侏罗纪沉积盆地,这些盆地中沉积了塔东南地区重要的烃源岩和储集岩。阿尔金断裂系的压扭特性容易在断裂两侧形成次生的构造圈闭,隐伏的车尔臣断裂两侧是这种次生构造圈闭发育的有利部位,它们应该是重要的油气勘探区域。柴达木盆地西部阿尔金斜坡带油气勘探的成功经验从侧面说明,塔东南地区的油气勘探应该加强寻找山前冲积扇-水下扇储集体内发育的油气藏,并且在地面油砂附近寻找残存的油气藏。