Development of Reproducing Alumina-Magnesia-Carbon Bricks

The reproducing alumina-magnesia-carbon bricks were prepared with the dumped bricks as starting materials. The bulk density, apparent porosity, crushing strength, modolus of rupture and slag resistance of the specimen were analyzed. The results show that the used refractories can be reused and recycled by the right method. The reproducing alumina-magnesia-carbon bricks with better abilities were prepared.

Investigation of Refractory Bricks and Oxide Materials Heated in Hydrogen Reduction Conditions

This study aims to provide the basic knowledge for furnace refractory design by investigating refractory property changes occurred in a hydrogen atmosphere.Since refractory bricks are thermodynamically stable in a hydrogen atmosphere at 1100°C,we tried to find out the minute changes.In this experiment,a refractory brick was prepared by andalusite,mullite chamotte,and clay as raw materials and heated to 1100°C in a 100%hydrogen atmosphere for 72 h.It was found that the strength of the brick was decreased and the color was changed to black by the reduction of impurities.And in addition,this study covered research on the slaking risk of MgO raw materials because the minimum temperature is expected to 400°C in fluidized reduction furnaces unlike shaft furnaces.

Visual Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Building Brick Skin Research Based on Citespace

With the progress of the times and the leap of science and technology,the application of brick materials and the research on the brick skin in modern architectural design have shown a dual-track development trend of returning to tradition and innovation.Based on the core collection database resources of Web of Science and the CiteSpace visual analysis tool,this paper constructed and analyzed the spatio-temporal map of keyword co-occurrence network,cluster structure,mutation phenomenon,time course and regional distribution map of building brick skin research.The study revealed that in recent years,the research on brick materials has spanned the study of single material properties and extensively involved in the broad world of construction,especially in the integration of green energy-saving technology,the innovation of fine construction technology of brick skin,and the frontier exploration of digital technology in brick masonry,which has shown particularly significant research vitality and development potential.

Assessment of Cement-Lime as Stabilizer on Mud Bricks

The aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength of clay bricks and their stability to water absorption by inserting stabilizers such as lime and cement of 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% to 14%. Spectrometric analysis was used to characterize the various stabilizers and the clay used, and tests of resistance and water absorption were also carried out. The clay was found to be an aluminosilicate (15.55% to 17.17% Al2O3 and 42.12% to 44.15% SiO2). The lime contains 90.84% CaO and the cement has 17.80% SiO2, 3.46% Al2O3, 2.43% Fe2O3 and 58.47% CaO in the combined form of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and ferro-tetra calcium aluminate. The results showed that the insertion of locally available stabilizers (lime and cement) improved the strength of the material by almost 80% when the lime was increased from 0% to 14% for 14 days. For compressed cement, a 65% increase in strength was observed under the same conditions. Strength increases with drying time, with a 52% increase in strength at 28 days compared to 14 days. Furthermore, compressed cement bricks have a more compact structure, absorbing very little water (32%). In view of all these results, cement appears to be the best stabilizer, and compression improves compressive strength and reduces water absorption.

Bricks and Clicks模式下供应链协调研究

建立了由一个制造商和一个分销商组成的基于电子市场的二级供应链模型,讨论了分销商采用Bricks and Clicks模式分销产品,并在电子渠道进行季节后销售的情况,分析了供应链的契约协调问题及供应链成员的利润情况.研究发现改进的回购契约可以使Bricks and Clicks分销模式下基于电子市场的二级供应链模型达到协调,使分销商的订货量达到供应链最优,并且使供应链成员的利润达到Pareto改进,达到"双赢".最后,通过算例验证了结论.

Processing Technology and Quality of Low-fluoride Brick tea

In order to promote the quality of brick tea and reduce its fluoride content, the fluoride contents in leaves of 25 tea varieties at the .stage of one bud and five leaves were determined by the method of fluodde-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that the fluodde contents in the 25 varieties were in the range of 181.92-345.06 mg/kg, end the fluoride content in ＇Zhongcha 302＇ was the lowest. Based on traditional production process of brick tea, 3 new low-fluoride brick tea production processes with ＇Zhongcha 302＇ as the raw material at the stage of one bud and five leaves were constructed. The fluoride content, physicochemical in- dex, sensory end main chemical contents in the brick tea samples were determined. The best processing process of Iow-fluodde brick tea was process 3, which included aldng, fixing, rolling, second fixing, second roiling, sun-drying, pile-fermentation, steaming, pile-fermentation, drying and shaping into brick by vapor treating. The re- sults showed that the fluoride content and physicochemical index of the brick tea sample of the third low-fluoride brick tea production process accorded with National Standard GB/T 9833.4-2013. The sensory evaluation of the brick tea sample was better than that of brick tea manufacture by the traditional process. The water extract, tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and water-soluble sugar in the brick tea sample increased by 9.41%, 36.39%, 26.94%, 27.23% and 15.29%, respectively. Low-fluodds bdck tea could be produced by selecting low fluoride tea varieties, controlling the tondemess of fresh leaves, and optimizing the processing technique.

The Effects of Nutrition Lick Brick and Salt Brick as Supplement Feed on the Production Performance of Tan Sheep

In the paper, the effects of nutrition lick brick and salt brick as supple-ment feed on the performance of Tan sheep were studied. 36 fattening Tan sheep with the average weight of about 23 kg were chosen, they were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the weight, and each group had 12 sheep. Control group was fed with normal daily ration, experimental group 1 was fed with normal daily ration＋nutrition lick brick, experimental group 2 was fed with normal daily ration＋salt brick, the experimental period was 60 d. The results showed that 1） compared with CK, daily gain of group 1 improved 17.09%（P〈0.01）, feed conversion ratio reduced 11.69%（P〈0.05）, and average gross profit per sheep improved 51.65 yuan; daily gain of group 2 improved 7.03%（P〈0.05）, feed conversion ratio reduced 4.06%（P〉0.05）, and average gross profit per sheep improved 19.78 yuan; 2） compared with group 2, daily gain of group 1 improved 9.40%（P〈0.05）, feed conversion ratio re-duced 7.96%（P〈0.05）, and average gross profit per sheep improved 31.87 yuan;these indicated that nutrition lick brick and salt brick as supplement feed for Tan sheep both can improve the production performance of Tan sheep, and the supple-mentary feeding effect of nutrition lick brick was better.

用brick-wall方法计算黑洞熵的再讨论

在薄层模型brick wall方法的基础上 ,进一步研究了黑洞熵的计算 ,发现黑洞熵来源于其视界面上每一个面元的贡献 .熵与视界面积成正比 ,不但适用于整个黑洞 ,也适用于黑洞视界的局部 .这一思想不但可以用于计算表面各点温度不同的动态黑洞的熵 ,而且使得人们对黑洞熵与视界面积关系的认识更加深入了一步 .

The Cultural Implication of Brick Carving Model Calligraphy in Shanxi Chang's Manor

Focusing on the unique style of brick carving model calligraphy in Shanxi Chang's manor,this research analyses the content and feature of the different parts of brick carving,and discuses the presenting cultural deposits.It reflects the deep Confucian culture of Shanxi Chang's manor,with the peculiar charming in culture and aesthetic value.

果树穴贮砖对南疆温室软籽石榴光合特性及氮素吸收的影响

为探究适用于南疆温室沙地土壤条件下的氮肥增效措施,以3 a生‘突尼斯’软籽石榴为试材,设置无果树穴贮砖(CK)、施加果树穴贮砖A(T1)和果树穴贮砖B(T2)共3个处理,研究施加果树穴贮砖对软籽石榴光合特性及氮素吸收的影响。结果表明:T1、T2处理显著增加了1个灌水周期内第1天的石榴叶片叶绿素指数及第3天和第5天的氮平衡指数,提高了叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率的日均值,总体上以T1处理较好;与CK相比,T1和T2处理的石榴茎、叶、根中的全氮、硝态氮含量均有显著提升,同时茎和叶中的铵态氮含量也有显著提升,总体表现为T1>T2>CK。综上,施加果树穴贮砖有助于提升南疆温室沙地土壤条件下软籽石榴植株光合性能以及氮素吸收,本研究以施加果树穴贮砖A处理效果最佳。

废粘土砖合成A型分子筛和A/X共晶分子筛及其CO_(2)吸附性能

固体废物资源化利用具有重要意义。以废粘土砖为原料,采用水热法合成了高CO_(2)吸附性能的A型分子筛和A/X共晶分子筛。研究了碱灰比(质量比)、煅烧温度、晶化温度和晶化时间对废粘土砖基分子筛合成的影响,采用XRD、XRF、SEM、N_(2)吸/脱附和FTIR等手段对分子筛进行了表征。结果表明,硅铝比(物质的量之比)固定为1,在碱灰比分别为0.6和1.6、煅烧温度为750℃、晶化温度为90℃和晶化时间为24 h的条件下,合成了最佳形貌的A型分子筛和A/X共晶分子筛。测试发现,二者比表面积分别为61.3 m^(2)/g和326.7 m^(2)/g,30℃、CO_(2)气氛(CO_(2)体积分数为10%)下CO_(2)的吸附量分别为2.96 mmol/g和3.22 mmol/g,再生5次后的吸附量均能维持在初始吸附量的88%以上。通过吸附动力学模型和限速扩散模型,对两种分子筛的CO_(2)吸附机理进行了研究,发现CO_(2)分子由于内/外孔扩散以及分子间库仑引力而吸附在分子筛上,主要为物理吸附。本研究可为废粘土砖基分子筛的合成及其应用提供参考。

不同配比糯香茯茶的品质分析

该研究旨在生产一种新型复合茯茶,将黑茶和糯米香叶共同发酵,得到新型产品糯香茯茶,对其不同配比进行品质分析,测定其内含成分含量,采用电子鼻、GC-MS和电子舌对其香气和口感进行分析,结合其汤色色度和感官品评,确定糯米香叶的最优添加量。结果表明,添加糯米香叶使复合茯茶增加了游离氨基酸含量,提升了鲜甜味,改善了苦涩味,丰富了挥发性化合物的种类,优化了茯茶茶汤的风味与口感。10%的添加比例较高地提升了茯茶总体的感官评分,从而确定10%的糯米香叶添加量为糯香茯茶的最优配比。

陕北地区传统民居靠崖式砖窑承载力及稳定性评估

为研究陕北地区传统民居靠崖式砖窑的承载能力及稳定性,通过现场检测和调查靠崖式砖窑的残损情况及坍塌区域对整体结构的影响,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对窑洞单体和窑洞-边坡整体进行了承载力和稳定性分析。研究结果表明:靠崖式砖窑较严重残损主要分布在窑腿、拱顶,病害主要表现为窑腿开裂和外闪,拱券开裂、局部松动乃至坍塌;坍塌区域的地基由于应力释放引起上部窑洞部分区域倾斜、开裂;窑洞单体在外荷载作用下变形及应力较小,受地震作用影响较小;窑洞-边坡模型失稳时的强度折减系数为1.15,表明该边坡目前处于稳定状态,在降水较多时存在失稳的风险。

冻融和高温作用下CFRP布粘贴页岩砖黏结性能变化

为研究冻融和高温作用下碳纤维增强塑料布(carbon fiber reinforced plastic sheet,简称CFRP布)粘贴页岩砖黏结性能的变化规律,对冻融环境、高温(60℃)环境、冻融和高温环境循环作用下,页岩砖、CFRP布和环氧树脂胶的材料性能进行测试,并对CFRP布粘贴页岩砖单面剪切性能的变化规律进行试验研究。结果表明:页岩砖、CFRP布和环氧树脂在冻融和高温循环作用下的材料性能受到较大影响,经历3次大循环作用后,页岩砖的抗压强度降低了31.62%,CFRP布的抗拉强度和弹性模量分别下降了44.38%和42.28%,环氧树脂的抗拉强度和弹性模量分别下降了32.45%和35.36%;冻融和高温循环作用对CFRP布粘贴页岩砖的单面剪切性能影响最明显,其次是单独冻融循环作用的影响,单独高温的影响最小。给出不同侵蚀环境下CFRP布粘贴页岩砖的单面剪切承载力计算公式,可以准确地计算不同环境下CFRP布粘贴页岩砖的单面剪切承载力。

镂空陶土砖幕墙装配化施工技术应用

本文通过实际工程项目,总结出镂空陶土砖幕墙装配化施工方法,通过研究镂空陶土砖幕墙施工的特点,应用了适宜的工艺流程及便于加工改装的辅助施工构件,不仅解决了上述施工方法的缺点,而且通过镂空陶土砖的装配式施工,大大简化了施工工艺,提高了施工现场的安全文明形象。

利用煤矸石废渣、赤泥、稻壳制备高强保温多孔砖及其性能研究

煤矸石废渣和赤泥是具有重大环境挑战和生态破坏风险的固体弃物,通过渗滤液造成环境污染。本研究旨在探索有效利用煤矸石废渣、赤泥和稻壳来制造保温砖的可能性,研究考察了砖块的物理特性,考虑了煤矸石废渣和稻壳的粒径差异、煤矸石废渣与赤泥比例、烧结温度和稻壳用量等因素。通过加入稻壳,这些砖块的隔热性能可以得到有效提升。通过将废弃物纳入制造过程,这种方法促进了废物管理的经济循环,有助于推动可持续发展。

祁门县传统砖瓦制作技艺与革新路径调查研究

在全球化进程加速的背景下,传统文化与外来文化的碰撞日益激烈。保护本土文化,保存传统工艺,显得尤为重要。作为徽州地区数千年来的重要建筑材料,随着科技的进步和环保意识的提升,传统砖瓦技艺的现代化应用成为研究的重点。文章通过实地调研与数据分析,探讨了在文化遗产保护政策背景下,传统青砖制作技艺的现状与革新路径,并结合现代技术、建筑工业化和产业化,深入分析了祁门县传统砖瓦技艺的创新路径,旨在为该技艺的现代化应用提供新的思路与实践指导。

Investigation of the medium calcium based non-burnt brick made by red mud and fly ash: durability and hydration characteristics

Red mud is a type of highly alkaline waste residue produced in the process of alumina smelting by the Bayer process.Based on the idea of medium calcium content,solid wastes such as red mud and fly ash were used to prepare non-burnt bricks;and the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 was selected in the range of 0.88–1.42.Mechanical properties and durability were investigated with a compressive strength test.X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)techniques were used to characterize the hydration characteristic.The environmental performance was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP).The results indicated that the mechanical properties and the durability were optimal when the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 was 1.23.The hydration products were mostly C–S–H gel,ettringite,Na4Ca(Si10All6)O32·12H2O and Ca3Al2(SiO4)(OH)8.They were responsible for the strength development,and the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio of 1.23 had the best polymerized structure.The results of an environmental performance test showed that the heavy metals in the raw materials were well-solidified in the brick.Therefore,this paper provides an effective solution for use of solid wastes in building material.

利用废弃加气砖粉末制备蒸压加气混凝土砌块

利用废弃加气砖粉末替代水泥石灰掺入蒸压加气混凝土砌块中,在温度为190℃、压力为1.3MPa的蒸压养护釜中养护9h后,蒸压砖的抗压强度能达到3MPa,略小于基准样,各项性能良好。经过微观机理分析后发现,废弃加气砖粉末单取代水泥量为30%时的蒸压加气混凝土砌块内部颗粒表面毛细气孔较少,属于微孔以下,内部颗粒堆积紧密;废弃加气砖粉末和水泥的交互作用显著,使蒸压砖内部结构更加致密,提高了蒸压砖的抗压强度。

用brick-wall方法计算MRN黑洞内视界的熵

利用薄层模型brick-wall方法计算了MRN黑洞内视界的熵,得出了黑洞熵与视界面积成正比的结果。