Realizing the Long Lifespan of Molybdenum Trioxide in Aqueous Aluminum Ion Batteries Through Potential Regulation

MoO_(3) is one of the most promising anode materials for aqueous aluminum batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and suitable aluminum insertion/de-insertion potential.However,the inferior cycling stability limits its further application,and the failure mechanism is still unclear.In this article,we provide a straightforward potential regulation technique to manage phase evolution during the charge/discharge process,which ultimately results in a markedly enhanced MoO_(3) electrode cycling stability.The failure mechanism study reveals that the excessive oxidation of the electrode during charge/discharge generates the H_(0.34)MoO_(3) phase,which has high solubility and is the primary cause of MoO_(3) deactivation.Although the dissolved Mo species will be deposited onto the electrode sheet again,the deposition is not electrochemically active and cannot contribute to the capacitance.Controlling the cutoff potential prevented the production of H_(0.34)MoO_(3),resulting in excellent cycling performance(80.1% capacity retention after 4000 cycles).The as-assembled α-MoO_(3)//MnO_(2) full battery exhibits high discharge plateaus(1.4 and 0.9 V),large specific capacity(200 mAhg^(-1) at 2 Ag^(-1)),and ultra-high coulombic efficiency(99%).The research presented here may contribute to the development of highly stable electrode materials for aqueous batteries.

Non-stoichiometric CoS_(1.097) nanoparticles prepared from CoAl-layered double hydroxide and MOF template as cathode materials for aluminum-ion batteries

As a main force in the energy evolution,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have been extensively studied in recent decades and are widely used in energy storage and portable electronic products as a result of their advantages of high working voltage and long cycle performance.

An amorphous carbon-graphite composite cathode for long cycle life rechargeable aluminum ion batteries

Natural graphite is investigated as the cathode for aluminum ion batteries in recent years. However, some drawbacks of the natural graphite such as severe volume swelling shorten its lifetime, In this work, we prepared a composite material by depositing an amorphous carbon on the graphite paper, The composite was used as a cathode to study the electrochemical performance in aluminum ion batteries. The charge/discharge results showed that the composite could exhibit a longer cycle life than the graphite paper, Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that the interface between the amorphous carbon and the graphite paper made a major contribution to the improvement of the cycling stability.

Reversible Al^(3+) storage mechanism in anatase TiO_(2) cathode material for ionic liquid electrolyte-based aluminum-ion batteries

Rechargeable aluminum ion battery(AIB) with high theoretical specific capacity, abundant elements and low cost engages considerable attention as a promising next generation energy storage and conversion system. Nevertheless, to date, one of the major barriers to pursuit better AIB is the limited applicable cathode materials with the ability to store aluminum highly reversibly. Herein, a highly reversible AIB is proposed using mesoporous TiO2 microparticles(M-TiO2) as the cathode material. The improved performance of Ti O2/Al battery is ascribed to the high ionic conductivity and material stability, which is caused by the stable architecture with a mesoporous microstructure and no random aggregation of secondary particles. In addition, we conducted detailed characterization to gain deeper understanding of the Al^(3+) storage mechanism in anatase Ti O2 for AIB. Our findings demonstrate clearly that Al^(3+)can be reversibly stored in anatase TiO2 by intercalation reactions based on ionic liquid electrolyte. Especially, DFT calculations were used to investigate the accurate insertion sites of aluminum ions in M-Ti O2 and the volume changes of M-TiO2 cells during discharging. As for the controversial side reactions in AIBs, in this work, by normalized calculation, we confirm that M-Ti O2 alone participate in the redox reaction. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry(CV) test was performed to investigate the pseudocapacitive behavior.

Emerging rechargeable aqueous aluminum ion battery:Status,challenges,and outlooks

Aluminum ion battery(AIB)technology is an exciting alternative for post-lithium energy storage.AIBs based on ionic liquids have enabled advances in both cathode material development and fundamental understanding on mechanisms.Recently,unlocking chemistry in rechargeable aqueous aluminum ion battery(AAIB)provides impressive prospects in terms of kinetics,cost,safety considerations,and ease of operation.To review the progress on AAIB,we discuss the critical issues on aluminum electrochemistry in aqueous system,cathode material design to overcome the drawbacks by multivalent aluminum ions,and challenges on electrolyte design,aluminum stripping/plating,solid-electrolyte interface(SEI)formation,and design of cathode materials.This review aims to stimulate exploration of high-performance AAIB and rationalize feasibility grounded on underlying reaction mechanisms.

Imaging the diffusion pathway of Al^3+ ion in NASICON-type (Al0.2Zr0.8)20/19Nb(PO4)3 as electrolyte for rechargeable solid-state Al batteries

Among all-solid-state batteries, rechargeable Al-ion batteries have attracted most attention because they involve threeelectron-redox reactions with high theoretic specific capacity. However, the solid Al-ion conductor electrolytes are less studied. Here, the microscopic path of Al3+-ion conduction of NASICON-type(Al0.2Zr0.8)20/19Nb(PO4)3oxide is identified by temperature-dependent neutron powder diffraction and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy experiments.(Al0.2Zr0.8)20/19Nb(PO4)3shows a rhombohedral structure consisting of a framework of(Zr,Nb)O6octahedra sharing corners with(PO4) tetrahedra; the Al occupy trigonal antiprisms exhibiting extremely large displacement factors. This suggests a strong displacement of Al ions along the c axis of the unit cell as they diffuse across the structure by a vacancy mechanism. Negative thermal expansion behavior is also identified along a and b axes, due to folding of the framework as temperature increases.

Comments on “An ultrafast rechargeable aluminum ion battery”

Nature published an article'An ultrafast rechargeable aluminum ion battery'On April 6,2015.The authors used many new materials to compose the cell,such as three-dimensional graphitic-foam as the cathode,an ionic liquid electrolyte.The experimental cell has shown well-defined discharge voltage plateaus near 2 V.The cell is mechanically bendable and foldable without affecting its operation.