从贺兰山区的三叠-侏罗系论国内前陆盆地的研究

在我国前陆盆地研究中 ,谨防泛前陆盆地化 ,进一步准确理解其概念和涵义 ,了解国外典型前陆盆地的特征是必要的。同时 ,应加强对我国中西部“中国型盆地”的研究。贺兰山山脉主体部分主要由三叠侏罗纪沉积地层组成。西到阿拉善地块 ,东至鄂尔多斯盆地 ,三叠侏罗纪地层单元为纸坊组、延长群、延安组、直罗组和安定组。贺兰山隆升的时间应在中生代末期—新生代 ;地层序列表现出的特征是水由浅变深 ;岩屑成分和古流向玫瑰花图显示其物源来自北部贺兰山群 ;表现盆地形状和深度的地层等厚线也不是终止于山脉东侧 ,而是一直延续到了阿拉善地块上 ;主要逆冲断裂的逆冲方向在东侧是向西 ,在西侧是向东。以上特征均表明它与前陆盆地的特征和标志不符 ,鄂尔多斯盆地西缘 。

阿拉善地块南缘镁铁-超镁铁岩形成时代及地球化学特征

阿拉善地块南缘是镁铁超镁铁岩体的重要分布区 ,自北而南可分为北大山岩带、龙首山岩带和北海子岩带。北大山岩带以野芨里含长辉石橄榄岩侵入体为代表 ,Sm_Nd岩石矿物等时线年龄为 773.1± 10 .8Ma,εNd(t)=+0 .8～ +10 .8,ΣREE为 7.5 9× 10 -6～ 2 0 .34× 10 -6;龙首山岩带以金川二辉橄榄岩体和藏布台单辉橄榄岩为典型代表 ,Sm_Nd岩石矿物等时线年龄分别为 15 0 8± 31Ma和 15 11± 16 8Ma ,基本为同期幔源产物 ,金川岩体平均ΣREE为 3.33× 10 -6～ 115 .5 2× 10 -6,εNd(t) =- 1.9～ - 4 .3,藏布台εNd(t) =+2 .6～ +2 .9,差异显著 ;北海子岩带岩体分布有限 ,其中辉长岩体Sm_Nd岩石矿物等时线年龄为 14 4 0± 2 2 0Ma ,εNd(t) >0 ,ΣREE为 179.6 4× 10 -6～ 2 0 7.76× 10 -6。龙首山岩带和北海子岩带可能同为中元古代早期超地幔柱作用下地幔派生岩浆的产物 ,εNd(t)值的差异反映了各自岩体成岩过程的不同 ;野芨里岩体形成于新元古代 ,是亏损地幔的产物 ,与金川等岩体的形成环境和物质来源有显著不同。

阿拉善地块北缘雅布赖地区基性岩墙地球化学、年代学和Sr-Nd同位素特征

雅布赖地区位于阿拉善地块北缘,雅布赖-诺日公-红谷尔玉林构造带西端,该地区晚古生代岩浆岩内广泛出露基性岩墙。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,雅布赖地区基性岩墙成岩年龄为268±1.6 Ma,时代归属为中二叠世早期,岩石地球化学分析表明,该地区基性岩墙∑REE=143.01×10^(-6)~278.8×10^(-6),LREE/HREE=7.43~10.16,(La/Yb)_(N)=7.27~12.31,轻、重稀土分馏明显,具不明显的负铕异常(δEu=0.84~1.05),在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上,配分曲线右倾,重稀土较平坦;在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图中,表现出相对富集LREE、Rb、Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素。基性岩墙初始^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr比值变化于0.707403~0.707986之间,ε_(Nd)(t)值介于-2.9~-4.7之间。分析认为,雅布赖地区基性岩墙岩浆来源为板片俯冲作用改造的富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,形成于碰撞后伸展的构造背景。

Middle-Late Triassic sedimentation in the Helanshan tectonic belt: Constrain on the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Ordos Basin, North China

The Helanshan tectonic belt is located to the west of the Ordos Basin, and separates the Alxa(or Yinshan)Massif to the west from the Ordos block to the east. Triassic sedimentation in the Helanshan tectonic belt records important information about tectono-sedimentary process between the Alxa Massif and the Ordos block. Detailed geological mapping and investigation on the lithological package, sedimentary facies and paleocurrent orientation have been conducted on the Middle to Upper Triassic clastic rocks in the Helanshan tectonic belt. The succession is characterized by upward-fining sequence and comprises coarse grained alluvial-fluvial facies in the lower part as well as deltaic-lacustrine facies in the upper part. Based on detailed study and comparisons on the sedimentary sequence along various sections, the Middle to Upper Triassic strata have been revealed that show clear southeastward-deepening sedimentary differentiation and transgression from southwest to northeast, which are consistent with the southeastward flowing paleocurrent. These features indicate a southeastward-dipping paleogeography in the Helanshan tectonic belt, which was original western part of southeastward orientated fluviallacustrine system in the northwestern proto-Ordos Basin. Further to the east, the Triassic succession in the Ordos Basin displays gradually thickening and alluvial-fluvial system flowed from southeast to northwest, showing a huge thick sedimentary wedge in the western basin margin. Together with the Late Permiane Early Triassic closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean to the north, the Late Triassic extensional structures and diabase dykes in the Helanshan tectonic belt, all the above sedimentary features could be mostly interpreted as records of an extensional basin correlated to post-collisional collapse of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.

恩格尔乌苏蛇绿岩带与红柳河—牛圈子—洗肠井蛇绿岩带的对比研究

北山及阿拉善地区地处中亚造山带中段南缘,是研究古亚洲洋演化的关键位置。位于北山及阿拉善地区的红柳河—牛圈子—洗肠井蛇绿构造混杂岩带和恩格尔乌苏蛇绿构造混杂岩带被认为是具板块分割意义的重要缝合带,两者地理位置相近,似乎是一条贯穿东西、代表同一古洋盆残留的东西两段,但从蛇绿岩带年代学、成因类型、古洋盆俯冲极性和闭合时限进行研究发现:红柳河—牛圈子—洗肠井蛇绿岩带形成时代较早、兼具SSZ型和MORB型、岩浆源区组成复杂、所代表古洋盆双向俯冲且闭合时限较早,均不同于恩格尔乌苏蛇绿岩带,指示这两条蛇绿岩带并非同一洋盆的东西两段,无法对比连接。此外,恩格尔乌苏蛇绿岩带与北山及敦煌地区内出露的其余蛇绿岩带均无相关性,亦无法有效连接。因此,代表古亚洲主洋盆的恩格尔乌苏蛇绿岩带向西如何延伸仍有待于深入的探讨。