Impact of Action Observation Therapy along with Usual Physiotherapy Intervention of Individual with Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairments in the initial stage, which lead to severe cognitive dysfunction in the later stage. Action observation therapy (AOT) is a multisensory cognitive rehabilitation technique where the patient initially observes the actions and then tries to perform. The study aimed to examine the impact of AOT along with usual physiotherapy interventions to reduce depression, improve cognition and balance of a patient with AD. A 67 years old patient with AD was selected for this study because the patient has been suffering from depression, dementia, and physical dysfunction along with some other health conditions like diabetes and hypertension. Before starting intervention, a baseline assessment was done through the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) tool, the Mini-Cog Scale, and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The patient received 12 sessions of AOT along with usual physiotherapy interventions thrice a week for four weeks, which included 45 minutes of each session. After four weeks of intervention, the patient demonstrated significant improvement in depression, cognition, and balance, whereas the BDI score declined from moderate 21/63 to mild 15/63 level of depression. The Mini-Cog score improved from 2/5 to 4/5, and the BBS score increased from 18/56 to 37/56. It is concluded that AOT along with usual physiotherapy intervention helps to reduce depression, improve cognition and balance of people with AD.

Effect of nursing intervention based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs in patients with coronary heart disease interventional surgery

BACKGROUND It is very important to provide effective nursing programs to regulate the physical and mental state of patients and to improve treatment compliance after interventional surgery for coronary heart disease(CHD).AIM To explore the effect of a nursing intervention based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory on patients with CHD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.METHODS Ninety-four patients with CHD undergoing interventional surgery in our hospital from January 2020 to February 2021 were randomly divided into a research group(n=47)and a control group(n=47).The control group received routine nursing,and the research group received a nursing intervention based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory.The scores of self-efficacy,negative emotion[depression(SDS),anxiety(SAS)],intervention compliance(standardized medication,moderate exercise,healthy diet,and regular review),and nursing satisfaction were calculated before and after intervention for the two groups.RESULTS Before intervention,there was no significant difference in the scores of disease general management self-efficacy,disease management self-efficacy,and total self-efficacy between the two groups(P=0.795,0.479,and 0.659,respectively).After intervention,these three scores in the research group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.001).Before intervention,there was no significant difference in the scores of SAS and SDS between the two groups(P=0.149 and 0.347,respectively).After intervention,the scores of SAS and SDS in the research group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.001).The standardized drug use rate(97.87%),moderate exercise rate(97.87%),healthy diet rate(95.74%),and regular reexamination rate(97.87%)in the research group were higher than those in the control group(85.11%,82.98%,80.85%,and 87.23%,respectively)(P=0.027,0.014,0.025,and 0.049,respectively).Nursing job satisfaction in the research group(93.62%)was higher than that in the control group(78.72%)(P=0.036).CONCLUSION A nursing program based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory can effectively alleviate negative emotion,enhance self-efficacy and intervention compliance,and ensure that the patients are highly satisfied with the nursing work.

Nursing, Psychological Intervention and Self-Management after Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease mainly caused by motor disorders, mostly occurring in middle-aged and elderly people. The incidence of PD has been increasing year by year, and up to now, PD is still an incurable disease. However, more and more data show that early implementation of deep brain stimulation and early medical, psychological, social and other interventions can significantly improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mental health guidance, cognitive behavioral intervention, psychogenic therapy and scientific nursing for PD patients may improve the functional recovery after Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease. This paper discusses the nursing and psychological intervention methods of deep brain stimulation (DBS) implantation in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), aiming to scientifically discuss the clinical effect of nursing psychological intervention and improve the quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Basic nursing and psychological cognitive behavior intervention measures for PD patients can improve the daily activity ability of PD patients, improve the outcome of PD patients, and effectively improve the satisfaction of PD patients with nursing work, which has certain clinical promotion significance.

Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease:From Pathological Mechanism to Therapeutic Approach in Autophagy

As a“non-curable”disease,Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the aged population.Physical and mental pain exerts on every AD patient and their families.Even though there is no worldwide approved treatment against AD now,researchers have never given up on investigating and exploring potential approaches for curing AD.Gene therapy and drug treatment arise for alleviating AD symptoms.This paper illustrates the pathological mechanism of AD and focuses on the role of autophagy in AD pathology.Autophagy is a self-degrading mechanism to clear out dysfunctional cells;abnormal autophagy can directly trigger AD.This paper summarizes the effective and novel therapeutic approaches to treating AD by promoting autophagy activity,as well as AD diagnosis and assessment from early to severe stage,which provides promising approaches for researchers who are interested in AD treatments and feasible directions for science translational medicine.

Report quality assessment for systematic reviews of music intervention in Alzheimer’s Disease

Aims:The purpose of this study is to assess the report quality for systematic reviews of music intervention in Alzheimer’s Disease,and reveal their compliance with PRISMA,to facilitate evidence transformation.Method:We searched Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Embase databases to collect systematic reviews and metaanalyses of music intervention for Alzheimer’s Disease.The PRISMA was used to assess their report quality.Furthermore,the compliance with each PRISMA item was explored.Compliance with PRISMA above 70%was considered adequately reported.Results:A total of 18 articles were included in this study.Of them,11 articles had compliance with PRISMA greater than 70%.Furthermore,of the 27 PRISMA items,14 had more than 70%compliance with PRISMA.Conclusion:The overall report quality for systematic reviews of music intervention in Alzheimer’s Disease was good.However,the compliance with each PRISMA item,such as“structured summary”and“protocol and registration”,could be further improved.

Evaluation of reporting quality of randomized controlled trials for cognitive interventions among Alzheimer’s Disease using the CONSORT

Background:The increasing number of Alzheimer’s Disease has become a global health issue.Whether randomized controlled trials are fully reported has an immediate effect on the translation as well as implementation of research conclusions.However,the overall reporting quality of randomized controlled trials for cognitive interventions among Alzheimer’s Disease is unclear.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of cognitive inter-ventions among Alzheimer’s Dementia were searched from Cnki,Embase,Pubmed,Web of Science,WanFang Data,Cochrane Library,and VIP from their inception to December9th 2019.Firstly,the average CONSORT(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials)compliance of randomized controlled trials for cognitive interventions among Alzheimer’s Disease was estab-lished.Secondly,the compliance of per CONSORT item was calculated.Furthermore,the possible factors that determine the reporting quality were explored using univariate analysis and binary logistic regression.Results:A total of 55 studies were included.Mean CONSORT compliance of randomized controlled trials was 57.16%and standard deviation was 0.11.Univariate analysis showed that journal impact factor(p<0.001),sample size(p=0.002)as well as number of authors(p<0.001)were statistically significant,but post-2010 publication(p=0.206)as well as reporting of funding(p=0.221)had no significance.However,none of the above factors had statistical significance in binary logistic regression.Conclusions:The overall reporting quality was low,which would not be conducive to the evidence transformation and implementation.Furthermore,the reporting quality was not probably affected by aforementioned factors.

The Application of 3+1 Holistic Rehabilitation Nursing in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

.Thereafter,the full text of all 28 studies were reviewed.Finally,24 studies were included after excluding duplicates,non-3+1 holistic rehabilitation nursing studies,non-experimental studies,studies with inconsistent sample size,wrong data analysis,and unclear outcomes,etc.Results:Upon reviewing the 24 literatures,all the included studies were clinical studies that made comparisons between 3+1 holistic rehabilitation nursing groups and traditional nursing groups.The age of the participants were between 60 and 80 years,and the total number of participates were 2,790.However,there were some studies that did not report the average age(5/24),average duration(14/24),and the ratio of male to female patients(3/24).Only a few studies reported the intervention time(7/24)and classified the disease by severity(4/24).The outcomes included activities of daily living(ADL),Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),and Chinese Rehabilitation Research Center Aphasia Examination(CRRCAE).A total of 19 studies showed that 3+1 holistic rehabilitation nursing is effective in improving patients’self-care ability;14 studies showed that this rehabilitation nursing has a significant curative effect for the cognitive function of patients;7 studies showed that this nursing model can promote the recovery of language function in AD patients;5 studies showed the model can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse events and complications upon receiving treatment;2 studies showed that the nursing model is helpful for depression and emotional indifference.Conclusion:Compared with the traditional nursing mode,3+1 holistic rehabilitation nursing is more effective in improving self-care ability,cognitive function,language function,emotional state,and so on.In addition,this nursing model can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse events,falls,pressure sores,and other complications during hospitalization.However,the inclusion criteria and duration of intervention for the included studies need to be further standardized,and more experimental studies on the efficacy of 3+1 holistic rehabilitation nursing on severe AD patients as well as the complications caused by AD are required.The cost of 3+1 holistic rehabilitation nursing,which is specialized and personalized,is high.Therefore,the value of this nursing model still requires much research.

Back propagation artificial neural network for community Alzheimer's disease screening in China

AIzheimer＇s disease patients diagnosed with the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders diagnostic criteria were selected from the community through on-site sampling. Levels of macro and trace elements were measured in blood samples using an atomic absorption method, and neurotransmitters were measured using a radioimmunoassay method. SPSS 13.0 was used to establish a database, and a back propagation artificial neural network for Alzheimer＇s disease prediction was simulated using Clementine 12.0 software. With scores of activities of daily living, creatinine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, age, dopamine and aluminum as input variables, the results revealed that the area under the curve in our back propagation artificial neural network was 0.929 （95% confidence interval： 0.868-0.968）, sensitivity was 90.00%, specificity was 95.00%, and accuracy was 92.50%. The findings indicated that the results of back propagation artificial neural network established based on the above six variables were satisfactory for screening and diagnosis of Alzheimer＇s disease in patients selected from the community.

Cognitive training for elderly patients with early Alzheimer’s disease in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A pilot study

BACKGROUND Alzheimer’s disease(AD)influences the social and economic quality of life of older adult patients and their families.AIM To explore the efficacy of cognitive training in clinical nursing for patients with early AD residing in the plateau area.METHODS This pilot study was conducted in patients with early AD treated in the Geriatric Department of the Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital between August 2019 and March 2021.The patients were divided into a cognitive training group and a conventional nursing group using the random number table method.Patients in the conventional nursing group received conventional nursing,whereas the patients in the cognitive training group received the new nursing intervention.The mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and activities of daily living(ADL)scales were used to compare the cognitive ability and daily activities,respectively,between the two groups before and after the intervention.RESULTS Sixty patients were enrolled in this study,with 30 patients in the cognitive training group and conventional nursing group,respectively.The MMSE and ADL scores were significantly higher in the cognitive training group than in the conventional nursing group after the intervention(MMSE:25.11±2.02 vs 22.26±1.23,P=0.032;ADL:68.72±4.86 vs 60.16±2.27,P=0.018).CONCLUSION The application of cognitive training in clinical nursing for patients with early AD could improve both their cognitive ability and ADL.This method could be applied in clinical practice to manage cognitive dysfunction in patients with early AD.

Reporting quality evaluation of meta-analyses for cognitive interventions among Alzheimer's dementia

Background:To appraise the reporting quality of systematic reviews as well as meta-analyses of cognitive interventions among Alzheimer's disease using the PRISMA statement,and to investigate the related factors influencing the reporting quality.Method:Web of Science,Pubmed,Embase,Medline,as well as Cochrane Library were searched to collect the systematic reviews as well as meta-analyses of cognitive interventions among Alzheimer's disease from inception to September 17th 2019.The PRISMA statement was used to appraise their reporting quality and investigate the compliance with each PRISMA item.Furthermore,the potential factors affecting the reporting quality were analyzed based on the univariate analysis.Results:Seventeen articles were included.The mean compliance with the PRISMA statement was 74.86% and the standard deviation was 0.13.The univariate analysis indicated that the number of authors(P=0.019)might be a factor affecting the reporting quality.However,the journal impact factor(P=0.133),the number of studies included(P=0.170),the number of databases retrieved(P=0.201),funding report(P=0.228),and original studies(randomized controlled trials only)(P=0.322)might not affect the reporting quality.Conclusion:The overall reporting quality was high,but the compliance with the 11 PRISMA items,such as"structured summary"and"protocol and registration"was low.Future research should focus on adequate reporting of these items in the hope that readers will be better able to discern the accuracy and reliability of relevant information and make correct decisions.

Calorie restriction or dietary restriction: how far they can protect the brain against neurodegenerative diseases?

Finding the correct nutritional intervention is one of the biggest challenges in treating patients with neurodegenerative diseases.In general,these patients develop strong metabolic alterations,resulting in lower treatment efficacy and higher mortality rates.However,there are still many open questions regarding the effectiveness of dietary interventions in neurodiseases.Some studies have shown that a reduction in calorie intake activates key pathways that might be important for preventing or slowing down the progression of such diseases.However,it is still unclear whether these neuroprotective effects are associated with an overall reduction in calories(hypocaloric diet)or a specific nutrient restriction(diet restriction).Therefore,here we discuss how commonly or differently hypocaloric and restricted diets modulate signaling pathways and how these changes can protect the brain against neurodegenerative diseases.

Non-pharmacological intervention for posterior cortical atrophy

Posterior cortical atrophy(PCA) is a rare neurodegene-rative condition characterized by progressive visual-perceptual deficits. Although the neurocognitive profile of PCA is a growing and relatively well-established field, non-pharmacological care remains understudied and to be widely established in clinical practice. In the present work we review the available literature on non-pharmacological approaches for PCA, such as cognitive rehabilitation including individual cognitive exercises and compensatory techniques to improve autonomy in daily life, and psycho-education aiming to inform people with PCA about the nature of their visual deficits and limits of cognitive rehabilitation. The reviewed studies represented a total of 7 patients. There is a scarcity of the number of studies, and mostly consisting of case studies. Results suggest non-pharmacological intervention to be a potentially beneficial approach for the partial compensation of deficits, improvement of daily functionality and improvement of quality of life. Clinical implications and future directions are also highlighted for the advancement of the field, in order to clarify the possible role of non-pharmacological interventions, and its extent, in PCA.

Music therapy is a potential intervention for cognition of Alzheimer’s Disease:a mini-review

Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)is a global health issue given the increasing prevalence rate and the limitations of drug effects.As a consequent,non-pharmacological interventions are of importance.Music therapy(MT)is a nonpharmacological way with a long history of use and a fine usability for dementia patients.In this review,we will summarize different techniques,diverse clinical trials,and the mechanisms of MT as it is helpful to the cognition in AD,providing reference for future research.Many articles have demonstrated that MT can reduce cognitive decline especially in autobiographical and episodic memories,psychomotor speed,executive function domains,and global cognition.MT is a promising intervention for strategy of dementia especially of AD and it must be started as early as possible.However,more evidences with prospective,randomized,blinded,uniform and rigorous methodological investigations are needed.And we should consider to combine MT with other cognitive stimulations such as dance,physical exercise,video game,art and so on.

国内阿尔茨海默病患者护理文献的可视化分析

目的:通过对国内阿尔茨海默病护理文献的可视化分析,了解近10年国内阿尔茨海默病护理研究的发文情况及研究热点,为临床的护理研究提供参考。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)有关阿尔茨海默病患者护理的相关文献,检索时间为2013年1月1日至2022年12月31日,运用CiteSpace软件对所检索文献的年发文量、作者合作、机构合作、关键词共现等进行可视化分析。结果:共纳入文献1 132篇,2019年发文量最多,发文量最多的机构是广州市第一人民医院,但尚未形成稳定的核心作者群,机构间的合作较少。排在前3位的关键词为“生活质量”“护理干预”“认知功能”。结论:2019年后阿尔茨海默病护理研究的发文量有所下降,同时研究热点有所转移。后续应加强核心作者、机构之间的合作,提高发文质量,以促进国内阿尔茨海默病在护理领域的研究。

电针对5月龄APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马组织及组织间液可溶性Aβ_(1-42)水平短时作用的影响

目的探讨电针干预对早期阿尔茨海默病小鼠脑组织间液（brain interstitial fluid,ISF）及海马组织中可溶性Aβ_（1-42）水平的影响.方法将16只雄性5月龄APP/PS1转基因阳性小鼠随机分为模型组和针刺组,将8只同窝、同性别转基因阴性小鼠设为正常对照组,采用电针＂百会＂、＂涌泉＂或同等条件束缚作为干预手段,以脑微透析技术获取小鼠海马组织间液,应用ELISA法检测3组小鼠海马组织以及海马ISFβ淀粉样蛋白1-42水平,分别在干预后的6,7,8,9 h观察其是否发生改变.结果与正常对照组相比,模型组海马组织以及ISF中可溶性Aβ_（1-42）明显升高（P〈0.01）;与模型组相比,针刺组小鼠ISF可溶性Aβ_（1-42）降低（P〈0.05）,海马组织Aβ_（1-42）水平对比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.针刺组在电针治疗后6~9 h样品ISF中Aβ_（1-42）含量的检测结果没有随时间变化而变化（P〉0.05）.结论电针可降低AD模型小鼠海马ISF可溶性Aβ_（1-42）水平.

以八段锦为主的有氧运动对轻中度阿尔茨海默病病人认知功能和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨以八段锦为主的有氧运动对轻中度阿尔茨海默病病人认知功能和生活质量的影响。方法:选取2022年1月1日—12月30日广州医科大学附属脑科医院老年精神科收治的101例轻中度阿尔茨海默病病人作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将病人分为对照组(51例)和观察组(50例),对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予以八段锦为主的有氧运动。比较两组病人干预前后的认知功能、日常生活活动能力和生活质量。结果:观察组干预后的认知功能、日常生活活动能力、生活质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:以八段锦为主的有氧运动能改善轻中度阿尔茨海默病病人的认知功能,提高日常生活活动能力,从而提高病人的生活质量。

多途径延续护理联合同理心干预对阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能的影响

目的探究多途径延续护理联合同理心干预对阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者认知功能的影响。方法选择2022年12月-2023年8月上海市浦东新区老年医院收治的老年AD患者88例,按随机数字表法分成观察组(n=44)和对照组(n=44)。对照组予以常规康复护理干预,观察组予以多途径延续护理联合同理心干预,时长为12个月。比较2组心理韧性量表(CD-RISC)评分、应对方式量表(MCMQ)评分、血清炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]水平、认知功能[采用简易精神状态评估量表(MMSE)、画钟测验(CDT)、洛文斯顿认知功能评定量表(LOTCA)评估]评分、日常生活能力评定量表(ADL)评分、老年痴呆症生活质量量表(QOL-AD)评分和护理满意度的差异。结果干预后,2组CD-RISC、MMSE、CDT、LOTCA、ADL、QOL-AD、MCMQ量表积极应对评分均高于同组干预前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);2组MCMQ量表消极应对评分低于同组干预前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);2组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平均低于同组干预前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组护理满意率高于对照组(93.18%vs 77.27%,P<0.05)。结论多途径延续护理联合同理心干预可改善老年AD患者的认知功能,有效提高患者心理韧性,改变疾病应对方式,降低炎症因子水平,进而改善认知功能,提高自理能力、生活质量和患者满意度,促进康复,护理效果显著,具有一定的临床应用价值。

责任制护理干预对老年痴呆症患者认知功能、MMSE与CDT的影响

目的:探讨责任制护理干预对老年痴呆症患者认知功能、精神状态检查(MMSE)与画钟试验(CDT)的影响。方法:将200例老年痴呆症患者随机分为观察组和对照组各100例,观察组采用责任制护理干预,对照组给予常规护理,比较护理前后两组患者神经功能缺损程度及MMSE与CDT的变化。结果:干预后观察组蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MOCA)认知功能评分较干预前显著提高(P<0.05),MMSE、CDT分值与干预前比较有差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后对照组MMSE、CDT分值与干预前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:责任制护理干预可改善老年痴呆症患者的神经功能缺损程度,提高生活质量,临床效果满意。

阿尔兹海默病患者的护理干预与护理刍议

随着我国进入人口老龄化时期,老年人健康问题也逐渐成为一个主要的社会问题。阿尔茨海默病是一种非常复杂的疾病,目前还没有有效的治疗方法,病人的认知和生活能力都会受到严重的影响,给社会和家庭带来了很大的经济负担。对阿尔茨海默病患者的护理干预,可在一定程度上改善患者的生活自理能力和认知功能障碍,并延缓病情进展。本文从服药指导、饮食及运动干预、生活护理、心理指导、健康教育和预后随访等几个方面提出了阿尔茨海默病的护理干预的具体方式,以深入探究护理干预对阿尔茨海默病患者治疗的效果。

幽默疗法在阿尔茨海默病病人中的应用研究进展

对阿尔茨海默病的概念、幽默疗法在阿尔茨海默病病人中的应用、效果及局限性进行综述,旨在为阿尔茨海默病病人的非药物治疗提供参考。