Dormancy of Amaranthus retroflexus L. Seeds and Physiological Response Seedlings to Acifluorfen Sodium

Amaranthus retroflexus L. is a serious and widespread malignant weed in soybean fields in Heilongjiang Province. Exploring the dormancy characteristics of A. retroflexus L. seeds and the physiological response of its seedlings to acifluorfen sodium can provide a basis for further researches on its resistance mechanism. Using newly harvested and stored A. retroflexus L. seeds for one year as experimental materials, the effects of different concentrations of HCl, NaOH, water temperature, gibberellic acid(GA) and polyethylene glycol(PEG) on the dormancy and germination of A. retroflexus L. seeds were studied. The sensitivity of A. retroflexus L.to acifluorfen sodium was determined using bioassay. The effects on leaf chlorophyll content and target enzyme activity were studied at a normal dosage of 360 g a.i. hm^(-2) and a doubling dosage of 720 g a.i. hm^(-2) of acifluorfen sodium. Newly harvested seeds exhibiting dormancy were soaked in water of various temperatures and in different concentrations of NaOH and HCl, which were ineffective in breaking the seed dormancy. GA could break seed dormancy, and the highest seed germination rate reached 93.33% when they were soaked at 3 000 mg·L^(-1) for 72 h and 4 000 mg·L^(-1) for 48 h. The drought stress was simulated with a 15%-25% polyethylene glycol solution, which had no significant effect on the seed germination rate. The GR_(50) value of acifluorfen sodium for A. retroflexus L. was 705.7 g a.i. hm^(-2), which was 1.96 times the recommended dose in the field. After the application of different doses of acifluorfen sodium, the chlorophyll content of A. retroflexus L. reached its minimum value 3 days after treatment(DAT), and then gradually increased. The activity of the target enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase(PPO) reached the highest value at 7 DAT under different dosages, and gradually returned to normal levels thereafter. Soaking with gibberellin was an effective method to break seed dormancy. A. retroflexus L. seeds had certain drought resistance during the germination process. A. retroflexus L. was not sensitive to acifluorfen sodium and acifluorfen sodium ether, and could not effectively inhibit the PPO activity, indicating that A. retroflexus L. had target resistance to acifluorfen sodium.

EDTA和柠檬酸对反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)Cu迁移富集影响研究

为明确反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)对Cu的富集能力及EDTA与柠檬酸(CA)对Cu迁移的影响,采用盆栽试验,在0、100、200、400、800 mg·kg-1 Cu处理质量分数及2.5 mmol·kg-1 EDTA和柠檬酸施加条件下,测定了根际土、非根际土Cu不同形态含量及反枝苋组织Cu富集特征。结果表明:Cu处理质量分数小于400 mg·kg-1时,重金属Cu组织富集特征为根>叶>茎,Cu处理质量分数在400 mg·kg-1时,富集特征为根>茎>叶,Cu各处理组BCF与TF均小于1,不具备Cu超富集植物特征;EDTA、柠檬酸均可促进反枝苋对土壤中Cu的富集,并强化Cu由根系向地上部分的转移。EDTA的促进作用远高于柠檬酸,在Cu 800 mg·kg-1,施EDTA处理组反枝苋地上部分Cu可达3 513 mg·kg-1。施加EDTA可增加根际土全Cu含量,显著减少根际土中Fe-Mn态Cu含量,增加Exch态,促使Fe-Mn态向Exch态的转化;柠檬酸处理的根际土中则以Fe-Mn态向Carb态转化为主。由此可见,在EDTA强化修复下,反枝苋富集Cu的能力明显增加,而根际土中Cu全量的增加,是Cu-EDTA迁移活性极大增加与反枝苋防御性Cu阻隔共同作用的结果。

不同积累型苋菜(Amaranthus mangostanus L.)镉吸收转运特征差异性研究

【目的】比较高积累型苋菜品种Tianxingmi与低积累型苋菜品种Zibeixian在Cd胁迫下Cd吸收转运特征差异性,揭示苋菜品种Tianxingmi高积累镉的机理。【方法】采用水培试验,添加代谢抑制剂来研究两品种苋菜根系吸收Cd的主要途径。分别在30μmol/L Cd Cl2处理4 h、8 h、16 h、1 d和2 d采样测定,采用非损伤微测技术(Non-invasive micro-test technique,NMT),进行植物活体动态测试,调查、测量两品种苋菜根系Cd^(2+)离子流特征,比较了两品种对代谢抑制剂的反应。【结果】在30μmol/L Cd Cl2处理1 d后,Tianxingmi生物量达到最大值5.90 g/plant,是Zibeixian生物量的二倍;Tianxingmi根、茎和叶中Cd浓度分别为609、254和62.3mg/kg,分别是Zibeixian的1.4倍、1.9倍和1.6倍,地上部和全株的Cd累积量分别高达602.0、1308μg/plant;Tianxingmi富集系数(BCF)与转运系数(TF)分别为Zibeixian的2.1倍和1.5倍,这些结果两品种均表现出显著性差异(P<0.05)。NMT技术测定两品种根系Cd^(2+)离子流,通过扫描位点测定发现,距根尖0~300μm范围内两品种苋菜根系Cd^(2+)内流最强且差别最大,并在此做定点位点测定,发现Tianxingmi根系Cd^(2+)内流是Zibeixian根系Cd^(2+)内流的3.75倍,说明了两品种的富集特征与NMT结果一致。添加代谢抑制剂处理显著降低了高积累型Tianxingmi各器官中的Cd浓度,富集系数(BCF)与转运系数(TF),以及根系Cd^(2+)内流(P<0.05),主动吸收特征明显,而对低积累型Zibeixian的相关生理指标影响不大。【结论】两苋菜品种Cd吸收转运特征均表现出显著性差异。Tianxingmi具有更强的Cd吸收和向地上部转运与累积能力,并且根系对Cd的吸收与转运是主动需能的过程,共质体途径在Cd进入Tianxingmi根系并向地上部运输的过程中起着主要作用。

千穗谷TALE转录因子家族的生物信息学分析

TALE转录因子广泛存在于植物中,对植物的生长发育和对外界环境的响应发挥着重要作用。本研究在千穗谷(Amaranthus hypochondriacus)基因组中共鉴定出11个TALE基因。系统发育分析将千穗谷TALE家族蛋白分为BELL和KNOX两个亚家族,同一亚家族中的AhTALEs基因具有相似的基因结构,编码蛋白也具有类似的结构域。蛋白二级结构和三级结构分析都表明AhTALEs蛋白由螺旋-角-螺旋的结构构成。此外,对千穗谷与其他物种的TALE基因共线性关系、组织表达特性和AhTALEs基因启动子区的顺式作用元件分析发现,不同AhTALEs亚家族在各组织中的表达模式不同,并且发现启动子区包含大量非生物胁迫和激素响应元件,这为AhTALE家族的进化分析提供了依据。qRT-PCR分析发现AhTALEs基因在低温和干旱胁迫下的表达水平有不同程度的变化,表明AhTALEs基因能够响应低温和干旱胁迫应答。本研究为开展千穗谷中TALE转录因子在非生物胁迫中的生物学功能研究提供了重要参考。

Extraction and Purification Process Optimization and Antioxidant Activity in vitro of Flavonoids in Amaranthus caudatus L.

[Objectives]To explore the optimal extraction and purification process of the flavonoids in Amaranthus caudatus L.and to study the antioxidant activity in vitro of the flavonoids in A.caudatus.[Methods]Taking A.caudatus as the raw material,flavonoids were extracted by alcohol extraction method,and AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin was selected for purification.The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability,DPPH radical scavenging ability,and O^2-radical scavenging ability were used as evaluation indicators,to explore the antioxidant activity in vitro of the flavonoids in A.caudatus.[Results]The optimal extraction process conditions of flavonoids in A.caudatus are:liquid-to-material ratio 40:1,extraction temperature 60℃,ethanol concentration 60%,ultrasonic power 320 W,extraction time 50 min.Under these conditions,the extraction yield of flavonoids in A.caudatus is(1.35±0.01)%.The optimal purification process conditions of flavonoids in A.caudatus are 2.5 g AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,sample volume 5 mL,mass concentration of adsorption solution 1.60 mg/mL,pH value of adsorption solution 3.0,sample flow rate 3 BV/h,ethanol concentration in desorption process is 70%and the desorption flow rate is 3 BV/h.Under these conditions,the recovery rate reaches 88.35%±0.68%.[Conclusions]A.caudatus has a high content of flavonoids and has excellent free radical scavenging ability in vitro.This study is intended to provide important technical support for the research of flavonoid activity of A.caudatus and the development of functional products.

An ABAGE-Like Metabolite of Botrytis cinerea Isolate BC4 Inhibited the Growth of Hypocotyls and Roots of Amaranthus retroflexus Seedlings

A metabolite, which had an inhibitory effect on plant growth, was isolated from cultural filtrate of Botrytis cinerea isolate BC4 by column chromatography on silica gel and preparative HPLC. Its structure was determined from HPLC-ESI MS, GC, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data, as well as chemical hydrolysis. The results showed that this metabolite was quite similar to abscisic acid-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(ABAGE) in structure. The inhibitory effect of the ABAGE-like metabolite on plant growth was investigated using a weed Amaranthus retroflexus L. as a bioassay material. The results showed that it inhibited hypocotyls and roots growth of A. retroflexus (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seedlings when its concentration was over 0.5 μM. The concentrations for 50% inhibition of hypocotyls and roots growth of A. retroflexus seedlings were 2.8 and 1.4 μM, respectively.

土壤Cd、Pb污染对苣苋草生物量、生理生化特征和Cd、Pb积累特性的影响

【目的】比较两品种苣苋草对Cd、Pb胁迫的生理生化响应的差异性,寻找对Cd、Pb胁迫抗性较强的品种。【方法】采用盆栽试验,研究不同浓度Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫下‘R104’和‘K472’两品种苣苋草的生物量,Cd、Pb积累特性,渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的变化。【结果】两品种苣苋草的生物量在单一Cd胁迫时下降,在低浓度Pb(2.5 g·kg^(-1))胁迫时上升,在高浓度Pb(10.0 g·kg^(-1))胁迫时下降,在Cd、Pb复合胁迫时表现为先上升后下降的趋势。Cd、Pb单一胁迫下,苣苋草的Cd、Pb含量随着相应元素胁迫浓度的增大而上升;Cd、Pb复合胁迫下,苣苋草的Cd、Pb含量随着另一元素胁迫浓度的增大呈先上升后下降的趋势。随着Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫浓度的增大,苣苋草超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐上升,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈抑制效应。Cd、Pb交互作用在苣苋草生物量和SOD活性上总体表现为复合胁迫>单一胁迫;在植物重金属含量上表现为:低浓度Cd与Pb互为促进作用,高浓度Cd与Pb互为拮抗作用。【结论】苣苋草主要通过提高POD活性和维持CAT活性来抵抗Cd、Pb胁迫;‘R104’的抗性大于‘K472’,表明‘R104’更适合在重金属Pb污染的土壤区域推广种植。

利用套算法和强饲法评定籽粒苋茎叶粉肉鸡表观代谢能

本试验旨在利用套算法和强饲法评定籽粒苋茎叶粉肉鸡表观代谢能(AME)。套算法试验选用1日龄健康的罗斯308白羽肉鸡144只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡。代谢试验分为2个阶段:19~21日龄和40~42日龄。代谢试验期间,对照组100%饲喂基础饲粮,30%替代组饲喂70%基础饲粮+30%籽粒苋茎叶粉,50%替代组饲喂50%基础饲粮+50%籽粒苋茎叶粉。分别用全收粪法和指示剂法测定籽粒苋茎叶粉AME。强饲法试验选用42日龄健康的罗斯308白羽肉鸡10只,随机分为5个重复,每个重复2只鸡。试验鸡强饲籽粒苋茎叶粉,按照48 h排空-强饲-48 h收集排泄物的程序进行。结果表明:1)对比不同方法测定的籽粒苋茎叶粉AME发现,强饲法测定的籽粒苋茎叶粉AME显著低于套算法(P<0.05),全收粪法和指示剂法测定的籽粒苋茎叶粉AME无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)套算法中30%替代比例与50%替代比例测定的籽粒苋茎叶粉AME无显著差异(P>0.05),但30%替代比例测定的籽粒苋茎叶粉AME高于50%替代比例。由此可知,本试验条件下,建议使用套算法中的指示剂法测定籽粒苋茎叶粉肉鸡AME,适宜替代比例为30%,在此条件下测得19~21日龄肉鸡籽粒苋茎叶粉AME为3.65 MJ/kg,40~42日龄肉鸡籽粒苋茎叶粉AME为3.77 MJ/kg。

NaCl胁迫对籽粒苋种子萌发的影响

为了筛选出耐盐籽粒苋种质资源,采用滤纸培养法,测定了不同浓度NaCl溶液处理下4份籽粒苋种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、相对盐害率和全株长,分析了不同盐胁迫下4个品系籽粒苋种子的平均隶属函数值。结果表明:随NaCl溶液浓度的增加,4份籽粒苋种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数以及全株长度均呈下降趋势,相对盐害率呈上升趋势。低浓度盐胁迫(50 mmol·L^(-1))对LX014、LX022品系发芽率无显著影响,而当盐浓度≥100 mmol·L^(-1)时,所有籽粒苋品系的种子萌发指标均显著下降,相对盐害率显著提高,种子盐胁迫效应明显加重。通过平均隶属函数值对4种籽粒苋品系材料种子耐盐性进行综合评价认为,LX014品系耐盐性最强,其次是LX022,而LX006和LX019耐盐性差。

An ABAGS-Like Metabolite of Botrytis cinerea Isolate BC4 and Its Inhibitory Activity to Seed Germination of Weeds

Aimed at finding out natural compounds to kill weeds, a plant pathogenic fungus, Botrytis cinerea isolate BC4, was chosen as a source. A significantly polar metabolite, which was different in chromatographic behavior from ABAGE-like metabolite, was isolated from cultural filtrate of the fungus by column chromatography on silica gel, preparative LC, TLC and HPLC. The structure of the metabolite was determined by HPLC-ESI MS, g.l.c, IR, 1H NMR and hydrolysis. The results showed that this metabolite was quite similar with ABAGS. The bioassay showed the metabolite had inhibition to seed germination of both broadleaf weeds [Amaranthus retroflerus L. and Chenopodium album L.] and gramineae weeds [Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop and Echinochloa crusgalii L. Beauv]. It also had inhibitory activity to the seedling growth of broadleaf weeds. The bioassay, using Amaranthus retroflexus L. as an indicator, showed that the lowest concentration of the metabolite to inhibit root+sprout growth of A. retroflexus was 0.6 μM, and the concentration for 50% inhibition was 1.3 μM.

Influence of Adjuvants on the Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Canada Fleabane and Waterhemp in Corn with Tolpyralate

Tolpyralate is a new benzoylpyrazole herbicide for weed management in corn. It is recommended to be co-applied with atrazine along with the adjuvants methylated seed oil concentrate (MSO) plus an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, such as urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). Two studies were conducted on glyphosate-resistant (GR) Canada fleabane and GR waterhemp to determine if an additional adjuvant is still required when tolpyralate plus atrazine are tankmixed with a commercial glyphosate formulation (Roundup WeatherMAX&reg;) in corn. Trials were conducted over a two-year period (2018-19) on farms in south western Ontario with confirmed GR populations. When co-applied with Roundup WeatherMAX&reg;, the addition of MSO to tolpyralate + atrazine increased control of GR waterhemp 9%;however, there was no increase in GR Canada fleabane control from the addition of additional adjuvants. At 8 WAA, all treatments provided > 91% and > 84% control of GR waterhemp and GR Canada fleabane, respectively. This study concludes that the addition of Roundup WeatherMAX&reg;to tolpyralate plus atrazine improves the control of GR waterhemp and GR Canada fleabane in corn.

红苋菜总黄酮超声波辅助提取工艺优化及其抗氧化、抑菌活性

该文以红苋菜为原料,75%乙醇为提取溶剂,利用超声波法优化红苋菜总黄酮的提取工艺,并对其抗氧化活性及抑菌机制进行探究。结果表明:优化的红苋菜总黄酮提取工艺参数分别为料液比1∶40(g/mL)、提取时间2.0 h、提取温度70℃,在此条件下获得的总黄酮提取量为1.498 mg/g。红苋菜总黄酮清除DPPH自由基的IC_(50)值为(38.5±0.6)μg/mL,当红苋菜总黄酮质量浓度为80.00 μg/mL时,对Fe^(3+)的还原能力与阳性对照抗坏血酸接近,红苋菜总黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果明显,最小抑菌浓度为40.00 mg/mL。随着红苋菜总黄酮质量浓度的增加,细菌培养液中电导率增大,DNA及RNA大分子物质浓度上升,说明红苋菜具有良好的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性。

生物炭有机肥部分替代化肥对苋菜生长、产量、品质和氮素利用率的影响

为探究化肥减施潜力和生物炭有机肥增效作用,缓解因化肥过量施用导致的蔬菜品质下降和肥料利用率降低等问题,以苋菜为试材,设6个施肥处理:不施肥(CK1)、100%常规施肥(CK2)、85%常规施肥+2250 kg·hm^(-2)生物炭有机肥(T1)、85%常规施肥+4500 kg·hm^(-2)生物炭有机肥(T2)、70%常规施肥+4500 kg·hm^(-2)生物炭有机肥(T3)、70%常规施肥+2250 kg·hm^(-2)生物炭有机肥(T4),对比分析各处理苋菜生长、产量、品质、氮肥吸收及利用的差异。结果表明,与CK1相比,施肥不同程度促进苋菜植株生长,增加苋菜根茎叶氮素积累量,苋菜产量提高5.83%~22.67%。与CK2相比,生物炭有机肥部分替代化肥显著增加苋菜的生物量,提升可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量,降低硝酸盐和有机酸含量;其中,T1和T2苋菜产量分别提高7.28%和11.87%,T2氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥农学利用率分别提升16.74%、21.48 kg·kg^(-1)。综上,T2为最优处理,可促进苋菜生长,提高苋菜产量和氮素利用率,改善品质,是实现肥料高效利用、减肥增效的良好施肥模式。

苣苋草对镉、铅污染土壤重金属的富集能力及其饲用安全评价

以生物量大的R104和K472苣苋草品种为供试材料,通过盆栽试验,研究土壤镉、铅单一及复合胁迫对苣苋草形态指标和镉、铅富集能力的影响。结果表明:R104、K472地上部最小镉含量分别为3.82、2.60 mg·kg^(-1),均超出饲料卫生标准中限定的最大浓度。R104、K472地上部最大铅含量分别为7.76、20.43 mg·kg^(-1),均未超出饲料卫生标准限定。土壤镉、铅单一胁迫下,苣苋草体内镉、铅含量和积累量均随着相应元素胁迫浓度的加大而增加;复合胁迫下,苣苋草体内镉、铅含量和积累量随着另一元素胁迫浓度的加大呈先增后降趋势。低浓度镉和铅互为促进作用,高浓度镉和铅互为拮抗作用。相比较而言,镉污染土壤地区种植的苣苋草入饲安全风险大,铅污染地区种植的苣苋草饲用安全性高。

尾穗苋体外细胞毒活性成分的研究

目的 探究尾穗苋中具有体外细胞毒活性的成分。方法 采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析和高效液相色谱等方法对尾穗苋70%乙醇粗提物进行分离纯化,所得单体化合物的结构经多种核磁共振谱、熔点及高分辨质谱数据鉴定。采用MTT法对单体化合物进行体外细胞毒活性研究。结果 从尾穗苋中分离和鉴定了10个化合物,分别是:木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(1)、木犀草素(2)、1H-咪唑并[4,5-D]哒嗪-2-胺(3)、尿嘧啶核苷(4)、胸腺嘧啶核苷(5)、2β,3β-二羟基-30-降冰油烷-12,20(29)-二烯-23,28-二甲酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯(6)、齐墩果酸3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(7)、2β-羟基齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(8)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-2β,3β-二羟油酸-12-烯-23,28-二甲酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基酯苷(9)、3-氧代-α-紫罗兰醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)。木犀草素(2)对人肝癌细胞系HepG2和SMMC-7721均有显著的体外细胞毒活性,其IC_(50)值分别为13.36±1.01μg/ml和16.70±1.15μg/ml。结论化合物1~5为首次从该植物中分离到,化合物2具有较强的体外细胞毒活性。

尾穗苋化学成分及其抗氧化活性

目的探究尾穗苋Amaranthus caudatus L.化学成分及其抗氧化活性。方法尾穗苋70%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部分采用硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶LH-20、HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。采用还原性、清除DPPH、清除羟自由基、抑制脱氧核糖氧化能力评价其抗氧化活性。结果从中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为十六烷酸(1)、α-菠甾醇(2)、α-菠甾醇β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、尿嘧啶(4)、反式阿魏酸(5)、槲皮素-3-芸香糖苷(6)、3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2β,3β,6β,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7)、3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2β,3β-dihydroxy-30-noroleane-12,20(29)-diene-23,28-dioic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(8)、3,4,5-trihydroxydehydro-α-ionol-9-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(9)、3,4,5-trihydroxydehydro-α-ionol-9-β-D-glucopyranoside(10)。化合物5~6对·DPPH的IC 50值分别为(0.598±0.088)、(0.405±0.043)mg/mL。结论化合物1~6为首次从该植物中分离到。化合物5~6具有较强的抗氧化活性。

复合螯合剂对籽粒苋修复镉污染农田的影响

为提高籽粒苋对农田土壤重金属富集的提取效率,基于田间原位试验,研究了谷氨酸二乙酸四钠([N,N]-bis glutamic acid,GLDA)和次氮基三乙酸(nitrilotriacetic acid,NTA)及其组合(GLDA-NTA)对籽粒苋修复轻中度镉(Cd)污染农田土壤的影响。结果表明,施用GLDA、NTA及GLDA-NTA处理对籽粒苋地上部生物量、Cd富集系数与转运系数、地上部Cd提取量及根际土Cd形态分布等影响不一。与不施螯合剂相比,施用螯合剂处理籽粒苋地上部生物量均无显著变化;3种螯合剂处理对籽粒苋Cd富集系数与转运系数及地上部Cd提取量产生了不同程度的影响,其中GLDA-NTA处理效果最为明显,富集系数、转运系数及地上部Cd提取量显著提高40.83%、15.00%及179.67%。此外,施用GLDA、NTA及GLDA-NTA处理对根际土Cd形态分布影响程度不一,其中以GLDA-NTA处理最为明显,水溶态、酸溶态、可还原态、可氧化态及残渣态占比变化率分别为3.28%、22.09%、-26.28%、-1.33%及2.24%。因此,复合螯合剂联合籽粒苋植物修复可高效活化重金属,提升植株对农田土壤Cd的提取效率,是一种具有前景性、绿色性及可借鉴性的Cd污染联合修复方法,对轻中度Cd污染农田治理具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。

饲粮中添加籽粒苋茎叶粉对肉鸡屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

试验旨在探究饲粮中添加籽粒苋茎叶粉和复合酶制剂对白羽肉鸡屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。将216只1日龄白羽肉鸡随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复9只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验期42 d。0~21 d,试验1组饲喂基础饲粮+9%籽粒苋茎叶粉,试验2组饲粮饲喂基础饲粮+9%籽粒苋茎叶粉+复合酶制剂;22~42 d,试验1组饲喂基础饲粮+15%籽粒苋茎叶粉,试验2组饲喂基础饲粮+15%籽粒苋茎叶粉+复合酶制剂。试验结束时每个重复随机选取1只鸡屠宰,测定42日龄白羽肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质和肌肉中营养成分。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验1组肉鸡的屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05);试验1、2组肉鸡半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率均无显著变化(P>0.05)。②试验2组的胸肌L*值显著低于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验1组可以肉鸡的胸肌pH显著提高(P<0.05)。③试验2组的腿肌粗蛋白显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验1、2组对肉鸡胸肌的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪,腿肌的水分和粗脂肪均无显著变化(P>0.05)。总体来说,肉鸡饲粮中添加籽粒苋茎叶粉在一定程度上有利于肉鸡的屠宰性能和肉品质。

千穗谷MTP基因家族生信分析及镉胁迫下的表达特征

MTP(Metal tolerance protein)又称CDF(Cation diffusion facilitator),是与金属离子转运相关的一类蛋白。为了研究千穗谷(Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)MTP基因家族的序列特征和进化关系,预测其不同成员的功能和调控机制,我们以最新的千穗谷基因组为参考,鉴定出9个MTP家族成员,分为Zn-CDF(3个)、Zn/Fe-CDF(4个)、Mn-CDF(4个)3个亚族。所有家族成员均具有MTP转运蛋白的典型结构域Cation_efflux,部分成员还包含1个ZT_dimer结构域。染色体定位显示,9个MTP基因分布在7条染色体上。Cd胁迫下,AhMTP7和AhMTP9在根和叶中的表达均被抑制,AhMTP6在叶中被抑制,在根中却被诱导;其余6个MTP基因均受Cd诱导表达,AhMTP2、AhMTP3仅在叶中被诱导,AhMTP5仅在根中被诱导。顺式作用元件分析结果显示,AhMTP启动子中存在多个逆境响应、生长发育和激素信号的顺式作用元件。miRNA预测分析结果表明,15个miRNA靶向7个AhMTP成员。

不同籽粒苋-中药材间作系统对镉污染农田土壤的修复效果比较及成本效益分析

通过籽粒苋单作、籽粒苋-白及间作两种种植系统,对Cd轻度污染的农田土壤进行了为期2年的植物修复。结果表明,在籽粒苋-白及间作系统下,籽粒苋产量提高17.3%,各部位Cd浓度降低14.9%~26.6%,但是籽粒苋植物修复效率没有明显的降低;白及药用部位Cd浓度降低29.5%,在植物修复期间提供额外经济收入。在此基础上,进行了10年生命周期的成本效益分析和推广能力分析,结果表明,籽粒苋-白及间作收益将在5年内抵消植物修复的总成本,更具应用推广价值。