Amaranthus retroflexus L. is a serious and widespread malignant weed in soybean fields in Heilongjiang Province. Exploring the dormancy characteristics of A. retroflexus L. seeds and the physiological response of its ...Amaranthus retroflexus L. is a serious and widespread malignant weed in soybean fields in Heilongjiang Province. Exploring the dormancy characteristics of A. retroflexus L. seeds and the physiological response of its seedlings to acifluorfen sodium can provide a basis for further researches on its resistance mechanism. Using newly harvested and stored A. retroflexus L. seeds for one year as experimental materials, the effects of different concentrations of HCl, NaOH, water temperature, gibberellic acid(GA) and polyethylene glycol(PEG) on the dormancy and germination of A. retroflexus L. seeds were studied. The sensitivity of A. retroflexus L.to acifluorfen sodium was determined using bioassay. The effects on leaf chlorophyll content and target enzyme activity were studied at a normal dosage of 360 g a.i. hm^(-2) and a doubling dosage of 720 g a.i. hm^(-2) of acifluorfen sodium. Newly harvested seeds exhibiting dormancy were soaked in water of various temperatures and in different concentrations of NaOH and HCl, which were ineffective in breaking the seed dormancy. GA could break seed dormancy, and the highest seed germination rate reached 93.33% when they were soaked at 3 000 mg·L^(-1) for 72 h and 4 000 mg·L^(-1) for 48 h. The drought stress was simulated with a 15%-25% polyethylene glycol solution, which had no significant effect on the seed germination rate. The GR_(50) value of acifluorfen sodium for A. retroflexus L. was 705.7 g a.i. hm^(-2), which was 1.96 times the recommended dose in the field. After the application of different doses of acifluorfen sodium, the chlorophyll content of A. retroflexus L. reached its minimum value 3 days after treatment(DAT), and then gradually increased. The activity of the target enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase(PPO) reached the highest value at 7 DAT under different dosages, and gradually returned to normal levels thereafter. Soaking with gibberellin was an effective method to break seed dormancy. A. retroflexus L. seeds had certain drought resistance during the germination process. A. retroflexus L. was not sensitive to acifluorfen sodium and acifluorfen sodium ether, and could not effectively inhibit the PPO activity, indicating that A. retroflexus L. had target resistance to acifluorfen sodium.展开更多
Pollution in recent times has become prevalent due to industrial expansion,hence,releasing pollutants into the environ-ment.Thus,this study aimed at investigating the effects of effluents from electroplating companies...Pollution in recent times has become prevalent due to industrial expansion,hence,releasing pollutants into the environ-ment.Thus,this study aimed at investigating the effects of effluents from electroplating companies on growth,heavy metals accumulation and concentrations in Amaranthus viridis.Seeds of A.viridis were obtained from the National Institute of Hor-ticulture,Ibadan.Loam soils were collected from Lagos State University and two samples of electroplating effluents were obtained from Oregun,Lagos.Seeds were sown,nursed,and transplanted in a uniform bucket filled with 5 kg loam soil and transplanted seedlings were treated with Effluent A(5 and 10%conc.)and Effluent B(5 and 10%conc.)and control respec-tively.Growth parameters such as plant height and so on were measured and plant samples harvested were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.Data collected were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance.Results revealed that Effluents A and B are highly acidic and above discharge limits.Also,the result revealed that 5%conc.of Effluents A and B had more effects on growth(p<0.05)of A.viridis across the harvests than 10%conc.in relation to control.This result showed that the effluent samples affect the growth rhythms of plants.Results further revealed vigorous–1–1 accumulation of the heavy metals:Zn(241.66µg kg±0.10 at third harvest in Effluent A:10%),Cu(68.25µg kg±0.23 at–1–1 first harvest in Effluent B:5%),Cr(500µg kg±0.90 in harvests at all concentrations.)and Ni(500µg kg±0.90 at third harvest in Effluent B:5%)and all these metals are far above the control and permissible limits of WHO/FAO recommenda-tions.From this study,it could be concluded that electroplating effluents had adverse effects on growth and increased metals’bioaccumulation in A.viridis.Therefore,the treatment of effluents to enhance an eco-friendly environment should be done.展开更多
Information on weed competitiveness responses to added nitrogen (N) is required to assist with the development of appropriate fertilizer management strategies where weed competition is anticipated. A greenhouse stud...Information on weed competitiveness responses to added nitrogen (N) is required to assist with the development of appropriate fertilizer management strategies where weed competition is anticipated. A greenhouse study was conducted to examine the effects of four N rates on the competitive ability ofEchinochloa colona and Amaranthus viridis grown together with direct-seeded rice. Rice and each weed species were grown in a replacement series design at added N rates of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha1. Replacement series diagrams for relative yield showed that competitive ability ofE. colona increased with added soil N. Values of weed aggressivity index for E. colona also significantly increased with the addition of N in the soil. In the absence of added N, A. viridis was more competitive than rice but this relationship slightly changed as N was added. However, values of weed aggressivity index of were statistically similar at all N rates. The results suggest that the competitiveness ofE. colona increased with added soil N, and A. viridis unchanged by soil N levels. Both weed species were different in their response to higher N levels. Information gained in this study could be used to demonstrate the importance of effective weed and fertilizer management.展开更多
Methanol extracts of the dried leaves and seeds of Amaranthus viridis were collected and used for phytochemicals and antibacterial analysis. By detecting the MIC and zone inhibition, the antibacterial activity was det...Methanol extracts of the dried leaves and seeds of Amaranthus viridis were collected and used for phytochemicals and antibacterial analysis. By detecting the MIC and zone inhibition, the antibacterial activity was determined against different bacterial and fungal strains. The extract yields from the leaves and seeds ranged 5.5-6.1 and 2.42%-3.72% w/w, respectively. Phytochemical investigation of this plant determines that tanins (6.07%-5.96%), saponins (53%-32%), alkaloids (13.14% - 11.42%), protiens (16.76%-24.51%) and glycosides (63.2%-32.3%) were rich in leaves. The extracts also contained appreciable levels of total phenolic contents (2.81-3.61 GAE, g/100 g), total flavanoid contents (18.4-5.42 QE, g/100 g) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, showing IC50 (83.45-75.95 μg/mL) along with reducing power was calculated. The MIC of extracts ranged 178 - 645 μg/mL. The results of this study suggest the possibility of using the methanolic extracts in treating the diseases caused by the test organisms.展开更多
To characterize and purify the allergen extracted from Amaranthus viridis pollen.Extracts of Amaranthus viridis pollen was prepared and analyzed by SDS-PAGE.The protein bands were visualized by staining the gel with C...To characterize and purify the allergen extracted from Amaranthus viridis pollen.Extracts of Amaranthus viridis pollen was prepared and analyzed by SDS-PAGE.The protein bands were visualized by staining the gel with Coomassis blue and analyzed by immuno-blotting with serum from 30 allergic patients and from 20 normal people.30 protein bands were detected in SDS-PAGE.2 of these bands with molecular weight of 75 kD a and 67 kD a,showed immumo-reactivity with IgE in the sera from patients with allergy to Amaranthus viridis pollen.The 75 kD a and 67 kD a protein was the major allergen.Meamwhile,Ion-exchange chromatography with DE-52 was used for purification of the antigens.The purified products were characterized by Westerm-blotting.Result from the Ion-exchange chromatography indicated that the pollen allergens(75 kD a and 67 kD a)from the Amaranthus viridis pollen were eluted in theⅠandⅡpeak.The study shows pollen extracts from Amaranthus viridis pollen was purified and characterized and the major allergen was 75 kD a and 67 kD a protein.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the anti-diabetic and anti-cholesterolemic activity of methanol extracts of leaves of Amaranthus caudatus,Amaranthus spinosus and Amaranthus viridis in normal and streptozotocin(STZ) induced d...Objective:To investigate the anti-diabetic and anti-cholesterolemic activity of methanol extracts of leaves of Amaranthus caudatus,Amaranthus spinosus and Amaranthus viridis in normal and streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods:In this study,the anti-diabetic and anti-cholesterolemic activity of methanol extracts of leaves of all three plants was evaluated by using normal and STZ induced diabetic rots at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o.daily for 21 days.Blood glucose levels and body weight were monitored at specific intervals,and different biochemical parameters,serum cholesterol,serum triglyceride,high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein were also assessed in the experimental animals.Histology of pancreas was performed.Results:It was found that all the three plants at 400 mg/kg dose showed significant anti-diabetic and anti-cholesterolemic activity(P<0.01),while at 200 mg/kg dose less significant anti-diabetic activity(P<0.05) was observed.Concluslons: Methanol extracts of Amaranthus caudatus,Amaranlhus spinosus and Amaranthus viridis showed significant anti-diabetic and anti-cholesterolemic activity,which provides the scientific proof for their traditional claims.展开更多
A metabolite, which had an inhibitory effect on plant growth, was isolated from cultural filtrate of Botrytis cinerea isolate BC4 by column chromatography on silica gel and preparative HPLC. Its structure was determin...A metabolite, which had an inhibitory effect on plant growth, was isolated from cultural filtrate of Botrytis cinerea isolate BC4 by column chromatography on silica gel and preparative HPLC. Its structure was determined from HPLC-ESI MS, GC, IR, ^1H NMR and ^13C NMR spectral data, as well as chemical hydrolysis. The results showed that this metabolite was quite similar to abscisic acid-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(ABAGE) in structure. The inhibitory effect of the ABAGE-like metabolite on plant growth was investigated using a weed Amaranthus retroflexus L. as a bioassay material. The results showed that it inhibited hypocotyls and roots growth of A. retroflexus (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seedlings when its concentration was over 0.5 μM. The concentrations for 50% inhibition of hypocotyls and roots growth of A. retroflexus seedlings were 2.8 and 1.4 μM, respectively.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the optimal extraction and purification process of the flavonoids in Amaranthus caudatus L.and to study the antioxidant activity in vitro of the flavonoids in A.caudatus.[Methods]Taking A.caudat...[Objectives]To explore the optimal extraction and purification process of the flavonoids in Amaranthus caudatus L.and to study the antioxidant activity in vitro of the flavonoids in A.caudatus.[Methods]Taking A.caudatus as the raw material,flavonoids were extracted by alcohol extraction method,and AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin was selected for purification.The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability,DPPH radical scavenging ability,and O^2-radical scavenging ability were used as evaluation indicators,to explore the antioxidant activity in vitro of the flavonoids in A.caudatus.[Results]The optimal extraction process conditions of flavonoids in A.caudatus are:liquid-to-material ratio 40:1,extraction temperature 60℃,ethanol concentration 60%,ultrasonic power 320 W,extraction time 50 min.Under these conditions,the extraction yield of flavonoids in A.caudatus is(1.35±0.01)%.The optimal purification process conditions of flavonoids in A.caudatus are 2.5 g AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,sample volume 5 mL,mass concentration of adsorption solution 1.60 mg/mL,pH value of adsorption solution 3.0,sample flow rate 3 BV/h,ethanol concentration in desorption process is 70%and the desorption flow rate is 3 BV/h.Under these conditions,the recovery rate reaches 88.35%±0.68%.[Conclusions]A.caudatus has a high content of flavonoids and has excellent free radical scavenging ability in vitro.This study is intended to provide important technical support for the research of flavonoid activity of A.caudatus and the development of functional products.展开更多
The essential oils from Mentha viridis (L). L. and Mentha pulegium L. were studied to assess their inhibitory potential on phospholipase from snake venoms and to determine their cytogenotoxic action on human cells. Th...The essential oils from Mentha viridis (L). L. and Mentha pulegium L. were studied to assess their inhibitory potential on phospholipase from snake venoms and to determine their cytogenotoxic action on human cells. These essential oils were able to inhibit the breakdown of phospholipids induced by venoms of snakes of the Bothrops genus. Both oils presented hemolytic activity, although the Mentha viridis (L). L. oil induced hemolysis only at the highest concentrations (14.6 and 29 μL·mL-1). The essential oil from M. viridis induced 3.9;8.6 and 16.2 times greater damage to human leukocyte DNA than that observed with the positive control (100 μg·μL-1 doxorubicin) at concentrations of 0.25;0.5 and 1.0 μL·mL-1, respectively. A similar effect was observed for the oil from M. pulegium (2.1, 2.5 and 15.8 times greater damage). The results extend the characterization of these essential oils and demonstrate their potential use in industries.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to study antifeedant activity of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv and Viola yedoensis Makino extracts against Pieris rapae. [Method] Activity material was extracted...[Objective] The research aimed to study antifeedant activity of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv and Viola yedoensis Makino extracts against Pieris rapae. [Method] Activity material was extracted from S. viridis (L.), P. acinosa and V. yedoensis using acetone cold soak method, and non-selective antifeedant activity of extracts to Pieris rapae larva was determined by using lobular plate addition method. [Result] The results showed that the acetone leaching agent of P. acinosa had most obvious antifeedant effects on Pieris rapae. The antifeedant rate were 74.53% and 82.34% at 24 and 48 h respectively. With the concentration increasing, the antifeedant effect of P. acinosa extracts increased. The antifeedant rate of 0.050 g/ml treatment was the highest, being 74.53% and 82.34% at 24 and 48 h. [Conclusion] P. acinosa could be studied and utilized as potential botanical insecticide.展开更多
Wastewater stabilization ponds generate low cost by-products that are useful for agriculture. The utilization of these by-products for soil amendment and as a source of nutrients for plants requires a high level of sa...Wastewater stabilization ponds generate low cost by-products that are useful for agriculture. The utilization of these by-products for soil amendment and as a source of nutrients for plants requires a high level of sanitation and stabilization of the organic matter, to maintain acceptable levels of soil, water and air quality. In this study, two aquaculture wastewater treatment systems; recirculating system and a floating plant bed system were designed to improve the quality of irrigation water in local communities with low income. In both systems the grass species Lolium perenne Lam was used as a plant biofilter while vegetable specie Amaranthus viridis was used to evaluate the performance of the system and the suitability of the phyto-treated water for irrigation. It was found that the harmful material removal rate for recirculating system was 88.9% for TAN (total ammonia nitrogen), 90% for NO2--N, 64.8% for NO3--N while for floating plant bed system 82.7% for TAN, 82% for NO2--N and 60.5% for NO3--N. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of waste element removal between the two systems revealed that both systems performed well, however, plant growth was not robust for floating plant bed system while recirculating system is energy consuming. Although both systems did not attain sufficient levels of TN (total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) load reduction, the treatment with L. perenne remarkably improved the irrigation water quality. A. viridis plants irrigated with the phyto-treated discharge water had lesser concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues compared to those irrigated with untreated discharge. The control plants irrigated with untreated discharge were also found to be highly lignified with few stems and small leaves.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the analgesic activity of methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis(A. viridis),Amaranthus caudatus(A.caudatus) and Amaranthus spinosus(A.spinosus).Methods:In this study,the analgesic activity ...Objective:To investigate the analgesic activity of methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis(A. viridis),Amaranthus caudatus(A.caudatus) and Amaranthus spinosus(A.spinosus).Methods:In this study,the analgesic activity of methanol extracts of all three plants at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg were investigated by acetic acid-induced writhings test,hot plate test and tail immersion test for mice.Results:It was found that all the three plants showed significant pain management effect(P【0.01) at a dose of 400 mg/kg,but showed a less significant effect at a dose of 20 mg/kg in the entire tests used for evaluation of analgesic activities(P【0.05).Conclusions:Methanol extracts of A.viridis,A.caudatus and A.spinosus show potent analgesic activities,and this study provides the scientific proof for their traditional claims.展开更多
Aimed at finding out natural compounds to kill weeds, a plant pathogenic fungus, Botrytis cinerea isolate BC4, was chosen as a source. A significantly polar metabolite, which was different in chromatographic behavior ...Aimed at finding out natural compounds to kill weeds, a plant pathogenic fungus, Botrytis cinerea isolate BC4, was chosen as a source. A significantly polar metabolite, which was different in chromatographic behavior from ABAGE-like metabolite, was isolated from cultural filtrate of the fungus by column chromatography on silica gel, preparative LC, TLC and HPLC. The structure of the metabolite was determined by HPLC-ESI MS, g.l.c, IR, ^1H NMR and hydrolysis. The results showed that this metabolite was quite similar with ABAGS. The bioassay showed the metabolite had inhibition to seed germination of both broadleaf weeds [Amaranthus retroflerus L. and Chenopodium album L.] and gramineae weeds [Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop and Echinochloa crusgalii L. Beauv]. It also had inhibitory activity to the seedling growth of broadleaf weeds. The bioassay, using Amaranthus retroflexus L. as an indicator, showed that the lowest concentration of the metabolite to inhibit root+sprout growth of A. retroflexus was 0.6 μM, and the concentration for 50% inhibition was 1.3μM.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Major Special Project for the Cultivation of New Genetically Modified Biological Varieties(Topic ZX08011-003)。
文摘Amaranthus retroflexus L. is a serious and widespread malignant weed in soybean fields in Heilongjiang Province. Exploring the dormancy characteristics of A. retroflexus L. seeds and the physiological response of its seedlings to acifluorfen sodium can provide a basis for further researches on its resistance mechanism. Using newly harvested and stored A. retroflexus L. seeds for one year as experimental materials, the effects of different concentrations of HCl, NaOH, water temperature, gibberellic acid(GA) and polyethylene glycol(PEG) on the dormancy and germination of A. retroflexus L. seeds were studied. The sensitivity of A. retroflexus L.to acifluorfen sodium was determined using bioassay. The effects on leaf chlorophyll content and target enzyme activity were studied at a normal dosage of 360 g a.i. hm^(-2) and a doubling dosage of 720 g a.i. hm^(-2) of acifluorfen sodium. Newly harvested seeds exhibiting dormancy were soaked in water of various temperatures and in different concentrations of NaOH and HCl, which were ineffective in breaking the seed dormancy. GA could break seed dormancy, and the highest seed germination rate reached 93.33% when they were soaked at 3 000 mg·L^(-1) for 72 h and 4 000 mg·L^(-1) for 48 h. The drought stress was simulated with a 15%-25% polyethylene glycol solution, which had no significant effect on the seed germination rate. The GR_(50) value of acifluorfen sodium for A. retroflexus L. was 705.7 g a.i. hm^(-2), which was 1.96 times the recommended dose in the field. After the application of different doses of acifluorfen sodium, the chlorophyll content of A. retroflexus L. reached its minimum value 3 days after treatment(DAT), and then gradually increased. The activity of the target enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase(PPO) reached the highest value at 7 DAT under different dosages, and gradually returned to normal levels thereafter. Soaking with gibberellin was an effective method to break seed dormancy. A. retroflexus L. seeds had certain drought resistance during the germination process. A. retroflexus L. was not sensitive to acifluorfen sodium and acifluorfen sodium ether, and could not effectively inhibit the PPO activity, indicating that A. retroflexus L. had target resistance to acifluorfen sodium.
文摘Pollution in recent times has become prevalent due to industrial expansion,hence,releasing pollutants into the environ-ment.Thus,this study aimed at investigating the effects of effluents from electroplating companies on growth,heavy metals accumulation and concentrations in Amaranthus viridis.Seeds of A.viridis were obtained from the National Institute of Hor-ticulture,Ibadan.Loam soils were collected from Lagos State University and two samples of electroplating effluents were obtained from Oregun,Lagos.Seeds were sown,nursed,and transplanted in a uniform bucket filled with 5 kg loam soil and transplanted seedlings were treated with Effluent A(5 and 10%conc.)and Effluent B(5 and 10%conc.)and control respec-tively.Growth parameters such as plant height and so on were measured and plant samples harvested were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.Data collected were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance.Results revealed that Effluents A and B are highly acidic and above discharge limits.Also,the result revealed that 5%conc.of Effluents A and B had more effects on growth(p<0.05)of A.viridis across the harvests than 10%conc.in relation to control.This result showed that the effluent samples affect the growth rhythms of plants.Results further revealed vigorous–1–1 accumulation of the heavy metals:Zn(241.66µg kg±0.10 at third harvest in Effluent A:10%),Cu(68.25µg kg±0.23 at–1–1 first harvest in Effluent B:5%),Cr(500µg kg±0.90 in harvests at all concentrations.)and Ni(500µg kg±0.90 at third harvest in Effluent B:5%)and all these metals are far above the control and permissible limits of WHO/FAO recommenda-tions.From this study,it could be concluded that electroplating effluents had adverse effects on growth and increased metals’bioaccumulation in A.viridis.Therefore,the treatment of effluents to enhance an eco-friendly environment should be done.
文摘Information on weed competitiveness responses to added nitrogen (N) is required to assist with the development of appropriate fertilizer management strategies where weed competition is anticipated. A greenhouse study was conducted to examine the effects of four N rates on the competitive ability ofEchinochloa colona and Amaranthus viridis grown together with direct-seeded rice. Rice and each weed species were grown in a replacement series design at added N rates of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha1. Replacement series diagrams for relative yield showed that competitive ability ofE. colona increased with added soil N. Values of weed aggressivity index for E. colona also significantly increased with the addition of N in the soil. In the absence of added N, A. viridis was more competitive than rice but this relationship slightly changed as N was added. However, values of weed aggressivity index of were statistically similar at all N rates. The results suggest that the competitiveness ofE. colona increased with added soil N, and A. viridis unchanged by soil N levels. Both weed species were different in their response to higher N levels. Information gained in this study could be used to demonstrate the importance of effective weed and fertilizer management.
文摘Methanol extracts of the dried leaves and seeds of Amaranthus viridis were collected and used for phytochemicals and antibacterial analysis. By detecting the MIC and zone inhibition, the antibacterial activity was determined against different bacterial and fungal strains. The extract yields from the leaves and seeds ranged 5.5-6.1 and 2.42%-3.72% w/w, respectively. Phytochemical investigation of this plant determines that tanins (6.07%-5.96%), saponins (53%-32%), alkaloids (13.14% - 11.42%), protiens (16.76%-24.51%) and glycosides (63.2%-32.3%) were rich in leaves. The extracts also contained appreciable levels of total phenolic contents (2.81-3.61 GAE, g/100 g), total flavanoid contents (18.4-5.42 QE, g/100 g) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, showing IC50 (83.45-75.95 μg/mL) along with reducing power was calculated. The MIC of extracts ranged 178 - 645 μg/mL. The results of this study suggest the possibility of using the methanolic extracts in treating the diseases caused by the test organisms.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:81160372)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi(Grant No:0640002,2007GZY0536)+1 种基金Science and Technology Project supported by the Education Department of Jiangxi(Grant No:Ganjiaojizi[2007]303)Science and Technology Project of Ganzhou(Grant No:Ganshikefa[2009]31-119)
文摘To characterize and purify the allergen extracted from Amaranthus viridis pollen.Extracts of Amaranthus viridis pollen was prepared and analyzed by SDS-PAGE.The protein bands were visualized by staining the gel with Coomassis blue and analyzed by immuno-blotting with serum from 30 allergic patients and from 20 normal people.30 protein bands were detected in SDS-PAGE.2 of these bands with molecular weight of 75 kD a and 67 kD a,showed immumo-reactivity with IgE in the sera from patients with allergy to Amaranthus viridis pollen.The 75 kD a and 67 kD a protein was the major allergen.Meamwhile,Ion-exchange chromatography with DE-52 was used for purification of the antigens.The purified products were characterized by Westerm-blotting.Result from the Ion-exchange chromatography indicated that the pollen allergens(75 kD a and 67 kD a)from the Amaranthus viridis pollen were eluted in theⅠandⅡpeak.The study shows pollen extracts from Amaranthus viridis pollen was purified and characterized and the major allergen was 75 kD a and 67 kD a protein.
文摘Objective:To investigate the anti-diabetic and anti-cholesterolemic activity of methanol extracts of leaves of Amaranthus caudatus,Amaranthus spinosus and Amaranthus viridis in normal and streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods:In this study,the anti-diabetic and anti-cholesterolemic activity of methanol extracts of leaves of all three plants was evaluated by using normal and STZ induced diabetic rots at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o.daily for 21 days.Blood glucose levels and body weight were monitored at specific intervals,and different biochemical parameters,serum cholesterol,serum triglyceride,high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein were also assessed in the experimental animals.Histology of pancreas was performed.Results:It was found that all the three plants at 400 mg/kg dose showed significant anti-diabetic and anti-cholesterolemic activity(P<0.01),while at 200 mg/kg dose less significant anti-diabetic activity(P<0.05) was observed.Concluslons: Methanol extracts of Amaranthus caudatus,Amaranlhus spinosus and Amaranthus viridis showed significant anti-diabetic and anti-cholesterolemic activity,which provides the scientific proof for their traditional claims.
基金the Natural ScienceFoundation of Shaanxi Province(142101)of China,the Key Project of Science and Technology of HebeiProvince Project of Agriculture Key Problem of Shaanxi Province(2003K03-G2-03) 9816 KeyProject of Hebei Agricultural University.
文摘A metabolite, which had an inhibitory effect on plant growth, was isolated from cultural filtrate of Botrytis cinerea isolate BC4 by column chromatography on silica gel and preparative HPLC. Its structure was determined from HPLC-ESI MS, GC, IR, ^1H NMR and ^13C NMR spectral data, as well as chemical hydrolysis. The results showed that this metabolite was quite similar to abscisic acid-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(ABAGE) in structure. The inhibitory effect of the ABAGE-like metabolite on plant growth was investigated using a weed Amaranthus retroflexus L. as a bioassay material. The results showed that it inhibited hypocotyls and roots growth of A. retroflexus (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seedlings when its concentration was over 0.5 μM. The concentrations for 50% inhibition of hypocotyls and roots growth of A. retroflexus seedlings were 2.8 and 1.4 μM, respectively.
基金Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(CX(17)3035)Innovator Virtual Class Project(2017ck009,2017ck008)Construction Project of Innovation Experimental Base for Higher Education Talent Training of Jinling Institute of Technology。
文摘[Objectives]To explore the optimal extraction and purification process of the flavonoids in Amaranthus caudatus L.and to study the antioxidant activity in vitro of the flavonoids in A.caudatus.[Methods]Taking A.caudatus as the raw material,flavonoids were extracted by alcohol extraction method,and AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin was selected for purification.The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability,DPPH radical scavenging ability,and O^2-radical scavenging ability were used as evaluation indicators,to explore the antioxidant activity in vitro of the flavonoids in A.caudatus.[Results]The optimal extraction process conditions of flavonoids in A.caudatus are:liquid-to-material ratio 40:1,extraction temperature 60℃,ethanol concentration 60%,ultrasonic power 320 W,extraction time 50 min.Under these conditions,the extraction yield of flavonoids in A.caudatus is(1.35±0.01)%.The optimal purification process conditions of flavonoids in A.caudatus are 2.5 g AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,sample volume 5 mL,mass concentration of adsorption solution 1.60 mg/mL,pH value of adsorption solution 3.0,sample flow rate 3 BV/h,ethanol concentration in desorption process is 70%and the desorption flow rate is 3 BV/h.Under these conditions,the recovery rate reaches 88.35%±0.68%.[Conclusions]A.caudatus has a high content of flavonoids and has excellent free radical scavenging ability in vitro.This study is intended to provide important technical support for the research of flavonoid activity of A.caudatus and the development of functional products.
基金the support of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico(CNPq) the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais(FAPEMIG)for financial support the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior(CAPES)for a PVNS.
文摘The essential oils from Mentha viridis (L). L. and Mentha pulegium L. were studied to assess their inhibitory potential on phospholipase from snake venoms and to determine their cytogenotoxic action on human cells. These essential oils were able to inhibit the breakdown of phospholipids induced by venoms of snakes of the Bothrops genus. Both oils presented hemolytic activity, although the Mentha viridis (L). L. oil induced hemolysis only at the highest concentrations (14.6 and 29 μL·mL-1). The essential oil from M. viridis induced 3.9;8.6 and 16.2 times greater damage to human leukocyte DNA than that observed with the positive control (100 μg·μL-1 doxorubicin) at concentrations of 0.25;0.5 and 1.0 μL·mL-1, respectively. A similar effect was observed for the oil from M. pulegium (2.1, 2.5 and 15.8 times greater damage). The results extend the characterization of these essential oils and demonstrate their potential use in industries.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to study antifeedant activity of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv and Viola yedoensis Makino extracts against Pieris rapae. [Method] Activity material was extracted from S. viridis (L.), P. acinosa and V. yedoensis using acetone cold soak method, and non-selective antifeedant activity of extracts to Pieris rapae larva was determined by using lobular plate addition method. [Result] The results showed that the acetone leaching agent of P. acinosa had most obvious antifeedant effects on Pieris rapae. The antifeedant rate were 74.53% and 82.34% at 24 and 48 h respectively. With the concentration increasing, the antifeedant effect of P. acinosa extracts increased. The antifeedant rate of 0.050 g/ml treatment was the highest, being 74.53% and 82.34% at 24 and 48 h. [Conclusion] P. acinosa could be studied and utilized as potential botanical insecticide.
基金Project supported by the Technology Department Zhejiang Province of China(No. 2005C22060).
文摘Wastewater stabilization ponds generate low cost by-products that are useful for agriculture. The utilization of these by-products for soil amendment and as a source of nutrients for plants requires a high level of sanitation and stabilization of the organic matter, to maintain acceptable levels of soil, water and air quality. In this study, two aquaculture wastewater treatment systems; recirculating system and a floating plant bed system were designed to improve the quality of irrigation water in local communities with low income. In both systems the grass species Lolium perenne Lam was used as a plant biofilter while vegetable specie Amaranthus viridis was used to evaluate the performance of the system and the suitability of the phyto-treated water for irrigation. It was found that the harmful material removal rate for recirculating system was 88.9% for TAN (total ammonia nitrogen), 90% for NO2--N, 64.8% for NO3--N while for floating plant bed system 82.7% for TAN, 82% for NO2--N and 60.5% for NO3--N. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of waste element removal between the two systems revealed that both systems performed well, however, plant growth was not robust for floating plant bed system while recirculating system is energy consuming. Although both systems did not attain sufficient levels of TN (total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) load reduction, the treatment with L. perenne remarkably improved the irrigation water quality. A. viridis plants irrigated with the phyto-treated discharge water had lesser concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues compared to those irrigated with untreated discharge. The control plants irrigated with untreated discharge were also found to be highly lignified with few stems and small leaves.
文摘Objective:To investigate the analgesic activity of methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis(A. viridis),Amaranthus caudatus(A.caudatus) and Amaranthus spinosus(A.spinosus).Methods:In this study,the analgesic activity of methanol extracts of all three plants at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg were investigated by acetic acid-induced writhings test,hot plate test and tail immersion test for mice.Results:It was found that all the three plants showed significant pain management effect(P【0.01) at a dose of 400 mg/kg,but showed a less significant effect at a dose of 20 mg/kg in the entire tests used for evaluation of analgesic activities(P【0.05).Conclusions:Methanol extracts of A.viridis,A.caudatus and A.spinosus show potent analgesic activities,and this study provides the scientific proof for their traditional claims.
基金This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,P.R.China(142101)the Key Project of Science and Technology of Hebei Province.PR.China.the Project of Agriculture Key Problem of Shaanxi Province.P.R.China(2003K03一 G2-031 and 981 6 Key Project of Hebei Agricultural University.
文摘Aimed at finding out natural compounds to kill weeds, a plant pathogenic fungus, Botrytis cinerea isolate BC4, was chosen as a source. A significantly polar metabolite, which was different in chromatographic behavior from ABAGE-like metabolite, was isolated from cultural filtrate of the fungus by column chromatography on silica gel, preparative LC, TLC and HPLC. The structure of the metabolite was determined by HPLC-ESI MS, g.l.c, IR, ^1H NMR and hydrolysis. The results showed that this metabolite was quite similar with ABAGS. The bioassay showed the metabolite had inhibition to seed germination of both broadleaf weeds [Amaranthus retroflerus L. and Chenopodium album L.] and gramineae weeds [Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop and Echinochloa crusgalii L. Beauv]. It also had inhibitory activity to the seedling growth of broadleaf weeds. The bioassay, using Amaranthus retroflexus L. as an indicator, showed that the lowest concentration of the metabolite to inhibit root+sprout growth of A. retroflexus was 0.6 μM, and the concentration for 50% inhibition was 1.3μM.