Effects of low ambient temperatures and dietary vitamin C supplementation on pulmonary vascular remodeling and hypoxic gene expression of 21-d-old broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low ambient temperature （LAT） and dietary vitamin C （VC） sup- plementation on pulmonary vascular remodeling （PVR） and the relative expression of hypoxia inducible factor-la （HIF-la）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and its receptor 2 （VEGFR-2） mRNA of lungs in 21-d-old broilers. 400 1-d-old male Cobb broilers were assigned randomly to 4 treatments as follows for 21 d： 1 ） LAT and a basal diet; 2） LAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1 000 mg kg-1 VC （LAT＋VC）; 3） normal ambient temperature （NAT） and a basal diet; 4） NAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1 000 mg kg-1 VC （NAT＋VC）. Each treatment was composed of 10 replicates of 10 birds per replicate. Samples of lung were collected after the broilers were killed at d 21. LAT increased the ratio of vessel wall area to vessel total area （WA/TA, %） and mean media thickness in pulmonary arterioles （mMTPA, %） （P〈0.05）. Dietary VC supplementation decreased mMTPA （P〈0.05）, but had no effect on the WA/TA. LAT increased （P〈0.05） the relative mRNA expression of HIF-la, VEGF and VEGFR-2, while adding VC to the diet could decrease （P〈0.05） their relative mRNA expression. A significant positive correlation existed between the level of VEGF mRNA expression and the value of WA/WT （P〈0.05） or mMTPA （P〈0.05）. These results suggested LAT resulted in pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the increase of HIF-la, VEGF and VEGFR-2 mRNA expression, and dietary VC supplementation can alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling in broiler by affecting these gene expression.

Supplementation with turmeric residue increased survival of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) under high ambient temperatures

Turmeric residue（TR）, containing residual levels of curcumin, is a solid by-product waste generated after the extraction and separation of curcumin from turmeric root. A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of TR on the survival of Chinese soft-shelled turtles（SSTs）, Pelodiscus sinensis, under a high ambient temperature. A total of 320 female SSTs were assigned randomly to two diets： basal diet（the control group, n=160） and an interventional diet supplemented with 10% TR（the TR group, n=160）. Our results demonstrated that supplementation of TR increased the SST survival rate by 135.5%, and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity of SST liver by 112.8%, and decreased the malondialdehyde（MDA） content of SST liver by 36.4%, compared to the control group. The skin of the SST fed TR showed a golden color. High-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） analysis indicated that the concentrations of curcumin in TR and the skin of the SST fed TR were（1.69±0.30） and（0.14±0.03） μg/g, respectively. Our observation suggests that supplementation of TR increased the survival rate of SST under high ambient temperatures. We speculated that the increased survival rate and tolerance at the high ambient temperature were associated with the anti-oxidation activity of curcumin from TR. Moreover, curcumin in TR could be deposited in SST skin, which made it more favored in the market of China. Our findings provide new knowledge and evidence to effectively reuse TR as a feed additive in animal and aquatic farming.

The clutch size,incubation behavior of Reeves’s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii) and their responses to ambient temperature and precipitation

Weather conditions play a pivotal role in embryo development and parental incubation costs,potentially impacting the clutch size and incubation behavior of birds.Understanding these effects is crucial for bird conservation.Reeves’ s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii) is a threatened species endemic to China,which is characterized by female-only incubation.However,there is a lack of information regarding the impact of weather conditions on clutch size and incubation behavior in this species.Using satellite tracking,we tracked 27 wild female Reeves’ s Pheasants from 2020 to 2023 in Hubei Province,China.We explored their clutch size and incubation behavior,as well as their responses to ambient temperature and precipitation.Clutch size averaged 7.75 ±1.36,had an association with average ambient temperature and average daily precipitation during the egglaying period,and was potentially linked to female breeding attempts.Throughout the incubation period,females took an average of 0.73 ±0.46 recesses every 24 h,with an average recess duration of 100.80 ±73.37 min and an average nest attendance of 92.98 ±5.27%.They showed a unimodal recess pattern in which nest departures peaked primarily between 13:00 and 16:00.Furthermore,females rarely left nests when daily precipitation was high.Recess duration and nest attendance were influenced by the interaction between daily mean ambient temperature and daily precipitation,as well as day of incubation.Additionally,there was a positive correlation between clutch size and recess duration.These results contribute valuable insights into the lifehistory features of this endangered species.

Awake rabbit model of ischemic spinal cord injury with delayed paraplegia:The role of ambient temperature

Background:Paraplegia after spinal cord ischemia is a devastating condition in the clinic.Here,we develop an awake rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia with delayed paraplegia and explore the influence of ambient temperature on the outcomes after injury.Methods:A total of 47 male rabbits were involved in the present study.Transient spinal cord ischemia was induced by occluding the infrarenal abdominal aorta of awake rabbits at different ambient temperatures.To find the optimal conditions for developing delayed paraplegia,hindlimb motor function after ischemia was evaluated between experiments.Results:The onset and magnitude of ischemic injury varied with the ambient temperature maintained during the peri-i schemia period.More serious spinal cord injury occurred when ischemia was induced at higher temperatures.At 18°C,25-minute ischemia resulted in 74%of rabbits developing delayed paraplegia.At a temperature of 28°C or higher,most of the animals developed acute paraplegia immediately.While at 13°C,rabbits usually regained normal motor function without paraplegia.Conclusion:This awake rabbit model is highly reproducible and will be helpful in future studies of delayed paraplegia after spinal cord ischemia.The ambient temperature must be considered while using this model during investigation of therapeutic interventions.

Association between Low Ambient Temperature and the Severity of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Objective:To explore the relationships among ambient temperature,ischemic stroke severity,and blood pressure.Methods:Meteorological data(2005–2015)were collected from the Guangzhou Meteorological Data Service.Ischemic stroke patients from the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively evaluated,each winter from 2005 to 2015.Patient demographics,baseline measurements,and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score were evaluated.Results:Three hundred sixty-two patients were included.The median latency from symptom onset to admission was 2 d(IQR:1–3 d).During recruitment,the highest and lowest temperatures were 39℃and 1.3℃,respectively.Hypertension was the most common comorbidity(75.1%).NIHSS scores at admission and discharge were higher in the cold-exposed group than in the controls regardless of the average temperature at admission.In addition,systolic and diastolic blood pressure values at admission were higher in the cold-exposed group than in the controls.When stratified by hypertensive status,the average and minimum temperatures at admission were negatively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure values in hypertensive patients.Reductions in the average and minimum temperatures at symptom onset were associated with more severe stroke.Conclusion:Ischemic stroke patients with symptom onset in winter had higher systolic blood pressure values and more serious neurologic deficits upon admission.

Improving tree health assessment accuracy at low temperatures:considering the effect of trunk ice content on electrical resistance and stress wave tomography

Accurate decay detection and health assessment of trees at low temperatures is an important issue for forest management and ecology in cold areas.Low temperature ice formation on tree health assessment is unknown.Because electric resistance tomography and stress wave tomography are two widely used methods for the detection of tree decay,this study investigated the effect of ice content on trunk electrical resistance and stress wave velocity to improve tree health assessment accuracy.Moisture content,trunk electrical resistance and stress wave velocity using time domain reflectometry were carried out on Larix gmelinii and Populus simonii.Ice content is based on moisture content data.The ice content of both species showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing.This was opposite with ambient temperatures.With the decrease of temperatures,daily average ice content increased,but the range narrowed gradually and both electrical resistance and stress wave velocity increased.Both increased rapidly near 0℃,mainly caused by ice formation(phase change and freezing of free water)in live trees.In addition,both are positively correlated with ice content.The results suggest that ice content should be considered for improving the accuracy of tree decay detection and health evaluation using electric resistance tomography and stress wave velocity methods under low temperatures.

Study on Desulfurization Efficiency and Products of Ce-Doped Nanosized ZnO Desulfurizer at Ambient Temperature

Ce-doped nanosized ZnO desulfurizer was prepared by homogeneous precipitation,and its desulfurization efficiency at ambient temperature was investigated through dynamic experiments.The results showed that the desulfurization activity of nanosized Ce-ZnO had improved greatly,compared to nanosized ZnO desulfurizer.Nanosized Ce-ZnO desulfurizer was characterized by XRD,TPD-MS,XPS,and TEM.The research results indicated that doping Ce decreased the particle size of the nanosized ZnO desulfurizer and ZnS was the principal desulfurization product.There were adsorption complexes of HS and S on the surface of desulfurizer as well.Only a small amount of vapor appeared in the tail gas on the condition of meeting the precision of desulfurization.

Partial Nitrification from Domestic Wastewater by Aeration Control at Ambient Temperature

The objective of this paper was to examine the feasibility of partial nitrification from raw domestic wastewater at ambient temperature by aeration control only. Airflow rate was selected as the sole operational parameter. A 14L sequencing batch reactor was operated at 23℃ for 8 months, with an input of domestic wastewater. There was a prolgrammed decrease of the airflow rate to 28L·h^-1, the corresponding average dissolved oxygen （DO） was 0.32mg·h^-1, and the average nitrite accumulation rate increased to 92.4% in 3 weeks. Subsequently, further increase in the airflow rate to 48L·h^-1 did not destroy the partial nitrification to nitrite, with average DO of 0.60mg·h^-1 and nitrite accumulating rate of 95.6%. The results showed that limited airflow rate to cause oxygen deficiency in the reactor would eventually induce only nitrification to nitrite and not further to nitrate and that this system showed relatively stability at higher airflow rate independent of pH and temperature. About 50% of influent total nitrogen was eliminated coupling with partial nitrification, taking the advantage of low DO during the reaction.

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperature

A synthetic wastewater containing phenol as sole substrate was treated in a 2 8 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperature. The operation conditions and phenol removal efficiency were discussed, microbial population in the UASB sludge was identified based on DNA cloning, and pathway of anaerobic phenol degradation was proposed. Phenol in wastewater was degraded in an UASB reactor at loading rate up to 18 gCOD/(L·d), with a 1:1 recycle ratio, at 26±1℃, pH 7 0—7 5. An UASB reactor was able to remove 99% of phenol up to 1226 mg/L in wastewater with 24 h of hydraulic retention time(HRT). For HRT below 24 h, phenol degradation efficiency decreased with HRT, from 95 4% at 16 h to 93 8% at 12 h. It further deteriorated to 88 5% when HRT reached 8 h. When the concentration of influent phenol of the reactor was 1260 mg/L(corresponding COD 3000 mg/L), with the HRT decreasing(from 40 h to 4 h, corresponding COD loading increasing), the biomass yields tended to increase from 0 265 to 3 08 g/(L·d). While at 12 h of HRT, the biomass yield was lower. When HRT was 12 h, the methane yield was 0 308 L/(gCOD removed), which was the highest. Throughout the study, phenol was the sole organic substrate. The effluent contained only residual phenol without any detectable intermediates, such as benzoate, 4 hydrobenzoate or volatile fatty acids(VFAs). Based on DNA cloning analysis, the sludge was composed of five groups of microorganisms. Desulfotomaculum and Clostridium were likely responsible for the conversion of phenol to benzoate, which was further degraded by Syntrophus to acetate and H 2/CO 2. Methanogens lastly converted acetate and H 2/CO 2 to methane. The role of epsilon Proteobacteria was, however, unsure.

Ambient Temperature and Outpatient Visits for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis in Shanghai: A Time Series Analysis

The association between ambient temperature and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis （AECB） was still unknown. Therefore, we performed an epidemiological study in a large hospital of Shanghai to explore the relationship about temperature and outpatient visit for AECB. We adopted a quasi-Poisson generalized additive models and distributed lag nonlinear models to estimate the accumulative effects of temperature on AECB across multiple days. We found significant non-linear effects of cold temperature on hospital visits for AECB, and the potential effect of cold temperature might last more than 2 weeks. The relative risks of extreme cold （first percentiles of temperature throughout the study period） and cold （10th percentile of temperature） temperature over lags 0-14 d were 2.98 [95% confidence intervals （CI）： 1.77, 5.04] and 1.63 （95% Ch 1.21, 2.19）, compared with the 25th percentile of temperature. However, we found no positive association between hospital visits and hot weather. This study showed that exposure to both extreme cold and cold temperatures were associated with increased outpatient visits for AECB in a large hospital of Shanghai.

Novel-structured Mo-Cu-Fe-O composite for catalytic air oxidation of dye-containing wastewater under ambient temperature and pressure

A novel‐structured Mo‐Cu‐Fe‐O composite was successfully prepared by co‐precipitation and impregnation method.The properties of the as‐prepared samples were determined using X‐ray diffraction,temperature‐programmed reduction by H2,cyclic voltammetry,and temperature‐programmed desorption by O2.The results showed that Mo6+diffused into the Cu‐Fe‐O crystal lattice and then formed a new crystalline phase of CuMoO4.The Mo‐Cu‐Fe‐O catalyst had redox properties,and its surface contained active sites for oxygen adsorption.In addition,the catalytic activity of the Mo‐Cu‐Fe‐O composite was evaluated by the degradation of Cationic Red GTL,Crystal Violet,and Acid Red in catalytic wet air oxidation(CWAO)at ambient temperature and pressure.The Mo‐Cu‐Fe‐O catalyst showed excellent activity at basic conditions for the degradation of Cationic Red GTL.High removal efficiencies of91.5%and92.8%were achieved for Cationic Red GTL and Crystal Violet,respectively,in wastewater,and the efficiency remained high after seven cycles.However,almost no degradation of Acid Red occurred in the CWAO process.Furthermore,hydroxyl radicals were formed in the CWAO process,which induced the decomposition of the two cationic dyes in wastewater,and the toxicity of their effluents was decreased after degradation.The results indicate that the Mo‐Cu‐Fe‐O composite shows excellent catalytic activity for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with cationic dyes.

Influence of the ambient air temperature on the electrical contact reliability of electromagnetic relay

The dynamic contact resistances of HH52P electromagnetic relays are measured under different ambient air tem- perature. Their diagnostic parameters are extracted and determined. It is found that the ambient air temperature obviously influ- ences some parameters. In order to research its influence on the electrical contact reliability of electromagnetic relay, the statistic analysis is applied to study the static contact resistance, the max of the dynamic contact resistance and the bounce time. It is found that the ambient air temperature regularly influences the three parameters. Thoroughly, the phenomenon is studied and analyzed in the point of material science so as to probe into the essential matter of it.

Effects of high ambient temperature on lipid metabolism in finishing pigs

In this study,we investigated the effects of high ambient temperature on lipid metabolism in finishing pigs.Sixteen pigs（（79.6±1.2） kg） were randomly assigned to two groups：（1） ambient temperature of 30℃ with ad libitum access to feed（HT;n=8） and（2） ambient temperature of 22℃ and fed the average amount consumed by eight pigs in HT group on the previous day（PF;n=8）.After 21 days of constant exposure to different environmental conditions,all the pigs were euthanized,and blood and tissue samples were obtained.High ambient temperature increased the proportion of backfat（P=0.04,＋21.6%）and flare fat（P〈0.01,＋43.3%）.Compared with pair-fed pigs,the activities of fatty acid synthase（FAS） and malic enzyme in backfat and flare fat were lower（P〈0.05） in heat-stressed pigs,as were the amounts of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase and FAS in the longissimus muscle（LM）,the amount of FAS in backfat（P〈0.01）,and FAS activity in the liver（P〈0.01）.Ambient temperature did not affect the amount of hormone-sensitive lipase in different tissues.The amount of lipoprotein lipase in flare fat tended to be higher（P=0.09,＋28.3%）,and the activities of β-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase in front and back of LM were lower（P〈0.01,-48.3 and-49.8%,respectively） at 30℃ than at 22℃.The plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein tended to be lower（P=0.08）,but the plasma concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein（VLDL）（P=0.09,＋50.0%） and nonestesterified fatty acid（NEFA）（P=0.04,＋44.2%） were higher in heat-stressed pigs.We concluded that high ambient temperature depressed de novo fatty acid synthesis in both adipose tissues and the liver.However,β-oxidation of fatty acid in skeletal muscles was also inhibited in the high-temperature environment.As a result,more plasma NEFAs were used to synthesize VLDLs in the liver and were absorbed by adipose tissues.This may be one reason that high ambient temperature enhances the accumulation of backfat and flare fat in finishing pigs.

Evaluation of the Influence of Ambient Temperature on the Performance of the Trans-Amadi Gas Turbine Plant

This paper examines the effects of ambient temperature on the Trans-Amadi gas turbine power station Phase II. The investigation took thirteen (13) months (January 2012 to January 2013) during which plant data were monitored and operational Logsheets like turbine logsheets, plant—auxiliaries’ logsheets and generator logsheets were studied. The gas turbine (GT) that was under investigation was GT-2: MS5001 Nuovopignone with designed installed capacity of 25.0 Megawatts (MW). The result of the study shows that a 1℃ rise of the ambient temperature is responsible for the following: 0% - 0.12% decrease in the power output, 0% - 0.12% increase in the power differential, 0% - 1.17% decrease in the thermal efficiency, 0% - 27.18% increase in the heat rate and 0% - 3.57% increase in the specific fuel consumption. An ambient temperature of 30℃ is found to yield minimal fuel consumption.

Targeting PPARαin low ambient temperature exposure-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling

The present study demonstrates that the down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α(PPARα)results in chronic low ambient temperature(LT)exposure-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling,emphasizing the therapeutic potential of PPARαactivation strategies(e.g.,fenofibrate treatment)in LT-associated cardiac injury.

Synthesis of hierarchical transition metal oxyhydroxides in aqueous solution at ambient temperature and their application as OER electrocatalysts

First-row(3 d)transition metal oxyhydroxides have attracted increasing attention due to their various advantages.Although investigating the oxidation mechanism and processing such materials into hierarchical architectures are greatly desired for their further development,it remains unclear how the oxidation state change occurs,and efforts to produce hierarchical oxyhydroxides in compliance with high ecological and economic standards have progressed slowly.Here,we describe a facile one-step coprecipitation route for the preparation of hierarchical CoOOH,NiOOH and MnOOH,which involves the diffusion of NH_(3)originating from ammonium hydroxide solution into an aqueous solution containing metal ion salts and K_(2)S_(2)O_(8).Comprehensive characterizations by scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction analysis,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and in situ p H measurement demonstrated that K_(2)S_(2)O_(8)induces the oxidation state change of metal ion species after the start of hydrolysis.Meanwhile,it was found that,benefiting from the OH–concentration gradient created by the NH_(3)diffusion method and the suitable growth environment provided by the presence of K_(2)S_(2)O_(8)(high nucleation rate and secondary nucleation),the formation of hierarchical oxyhydroxide structures can be realized in aqueous solution at ambient temperature without the use of heat energy and additional structure-directing agents.The hierarchical CoOOH structures are performed as the electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media,which exhibit good activity with an overpotential of 320 m V at 10 m A cm^(-2)and a low Tafel slope of 59.6 m V dec^(–1),outperforming many congeneric electrocatalysts.Overall,our study not only provides important insights to understand the formation mechanism of hierarchical oxyhydroxides,but also opens up new opportunities for the preparation of hierarchical oxyhydroxides via a facile,green and low-cost method.

Ambient air temperature effects on the temperature of sewage sludge composting process

Using data obtained with a full-scale sewage sludge composting facility, this paper studied the effects of ambient air temperature on the composting temperature with varying volume ratios of sewage sludge and recycled compost to bulking agent. Two volume ratios were examined experimentally, 1 ： 0 ： 1 and 3 ： 1 ： 2. The results show that composting temperature was influenced by ambient air temperature and the influence was more significant when composting was in the temperature rising process： composting temperature changed 2.4-6.5℃ when ambient air temperature changed 13℃. On the other hand, the influence was not significant when composting was in the high-temperature and/or temperature falling process： composting temperature changed 0.75-1.3℃ when ambient air temperature changed 8-15℃. Hysteresis effect was observed in composting temperature＇s responses to ambient air temperature. When the ventilation capability of pile was excellent（at a volume ratio of 1：0：1）, the hysteresis time was short and ranging 1.1-1.2 h. On the contrary, when the proportion of added bulking agent was low, therefore less porosity in the substrate（at a volume ratio of 3：1：2）, the hysteresis time was IonQ and ranging 1.9-3.1 h.

Influence of Ambient-Temperature Corrosion on the Oxidation Behavior of Al-Si Coatings

The high temperature oxidation behavior of Al Si coatings on the Ni base superalloy DZ125, with and without the ambient temperature corrosion test, was investigated. The results show that the isothermal oxidation behavior of the corroded coating changes, which has the higher mass gain than that of the original coating during the initial oxidation stage. Moreover, the cyclic oxidation resistance of the corroded coating decreases severely. The oxide scale was primarily composed of Al 2O 3, contaminated ...

Simulated Sensitivity of the Tropical Cyclone Eyewall Replacement Cycle to the Ambient Temperature Profile

In this study, the impacts of the environmental temperature profile on the tropical cyclone eyewall replacement cycle are examined using idealized numerical simulations. It is found that the environmental thermal condition can greatly affect the formation and structure of a secondary eyewall and the intensity change during the eyewall replacement cycle. Simulation with a warmer thermal profile produces a larger moat and a prolonged eyewall replacement cycle. It is revealed that the enhanced static stability greatly suppresses convection, and thus causes slow secondary eyewall formation. The possible processes influencing the decay of inner eyewall convection are investigated. It is revealed that the demise of the inner eyewall is related to a choking effect associated with outer eyewall convection, the radial distribution of moist entropy fluxes within the moat region, the enhanced static stability in the inner-core region, and the interaction between the inner and outer eyewalls due to the barotropic instability. This study motivates further research into how environmental conditions influence tropical cyclone dynamics and thermodynamics.

Ambient temperature desulfurizer of nano-ZnO modified with cerium

The compound nano-ZnO modified with Ce was prepared by homogeneous precipitation.IR,XRD and dynamic experiments show that the crystal size of nano-ZnO desulfurizer is decreased after being modified with Ce and its desulfurization activities are improved greatly.When calcined at 270 ℃,Ce distributes evenly on the ZnO particle surface as amorphous state oxides,and the amorphous ZnO·H2O also exists;when the calcining temperature is 570 ℃,the crystal CeO2 separates out and the amorphous structure of zinc oxide disappears,at the same time,the crystal is perfect and its size increases,but the desulfurization activities decrease.The desulfurization product of nano-ZnO modified with Ce was analyzed with XPS.The results show that the adsorption compound of HS,S and ZnS exists on the surface of the desulfurizer.