Relative clauses(RCs)processing has been a hot issue in decades.Studies from head-initial languages have found that SRCs were easier to comprehend than ORCs,and many different models were constructed to account for SR...Relative clauses(RCs)processing has been a hot issue in decades.Studies from head-initial languages have found that SRCs were easier to comprehend than ORCs,and many different models were constructed to account for SRCs preference.Chinese are head-final languages and the head noun phrases are behind the internal-clause.Such a great difference in syntactic structure made Chinese to be the optimum material to test the models mentioned above.In the paper,two experiments were carried out using eye-movement tracking methods to explore the difficulty with RCs processing in mandarin,and results showed that:when the two noun phrases were both from animate category,SRCs were more difficult than ORCs,but when the noun phrases in the internal-relative-clause were inanimate and the noun phrases in the matrix were animate,the difficulties with SRCs were greatly reduced.Based on these findings,we hold that the linear syntactic distance between the gap and the filler was not the key reason to the difficulty with SRCs.On the contrary,the ambiguity in argument construction may be the most important.展开更多
The optical potential ambiguity is a long-standing problem in the analysis of elastic scattering data.For a specific collid-ing system,ambiguous potential families can lead to different behaviors in the nearside and f...The optical potential ambiguity is a long-standing problem in the analysis of elastic scattering data.For a specific collid-ing system,ambiguous potential families can lead to different behaviors in the nearside and farside scattering components.By contrast,the envelope method can decompose the experimental data into two components with negative and positive deflection angles,respectively.Hence,a question arises as to whether the comparison between the calculated nearside(or farside)component and the derived positive-deflection-angle(or negative-deflection-angle)component can help analyze the potential ambiguity problem.In this study,we conducted a trial application of the envelope method to the potential ambiguity problem.The envelope method was improved by including uncertainties in the experimental data.The colliding systems of 16O+28Si at 215.2 MeV and 12C+12C at 1016 MeV were considered in the analyses.For each colliding system,the angular distribution experimental data were described nearly equally well by two potential sets,one of which is“surface transpar-ent”and the other is refractive.The calculated angular distributions were decomposed into nearside and farside scattering components.Using the improved envelope method,the experimental data were decomposed into the positive-deflection-angle and negative-deflection-angle components,which were then compared with the calculated nearside and farside components.The capability of the envelope method to analyze the potential ambiguities was also discussed.展开更多
In October, 1998, Ted Hughes, the great English poet and writer died of cancer at the age of 68. From 1957 to 1998, Hughes published numerous books of poetry and received various awards including the prestigious Whitb...In October, 1998, Ted Hughes, the great English poet and writer died of cancer at the age of 68. From 1957 to 1998, Hughes published numerous books of poetry and received various awards including the prestigious Whitbread Poetry Award. He was appointed Poet Laureate in 1984 and given Merit of Order shortly before his death. He was generally regarded, with Philip Larkin, as one of the two most important English poets since the Second展开更多
The translation of English language and literary works has always been crucial for cross-cultural communication.However,a key challenge in translating such works is the accurate communication of ambiguity,which refers...The translation of English language and literary works has always been crucial for cross-cultural communication.However,a key challenge in translating such works is the accurate communication of ambiguity,which refers to expressions deliberately used in English texts with unclear meanings.These expressions are often poetic and carry deep symbols and implications,adding a unique charm to literary works.This article explores the manifestations of ambiguity in English language and literature and the translation strategies that can be employed to optimize the translation of ambiguity in the English language and literature.展开更多
The solution of the current wind retrieval algorithm for scatterometers has several wind vector ambi-guities, due to the bi-harmonic relationship between normalized backscattering cross section and the relative wind d...The solution of the current wind retrieval algorithm for scatterometers has several wind vector ambi-guities, due to the bi-harmonic relationship between normalized backscattering cross section and the relative wind direction and the existence of the measurement error. In order to remove the ambiguities for a unique wind field, a circular median filter approach (CMF) is usually adopted. But under the con-dition for clustering distribution of the false ambiguities in some local areas, the CMF fails and thus engenders block ambiguities, which degrade the precision of the retrieved wind field. For such a situation, a technique of identification and removal of the block ambiguities is presented to further optimize the retrieved wind field after CMF. It is demonstrated in experiment that this technique can identify and remove most of the block ambiguities.展开更多
Shakespeare's Julius Caesar is remarkable for its rational mode as manifested in the use of language, style, action as well as its characterization. In this essay, I argue that the play is also striking with its n...Shakespeare's Julius Caesar is remarkable for its rational mode as manifested in the use of language, style, action as well as its characterization. In this essay, I argue that the play is also striking with its numerous(ir)rational ambiguities. The same Latin word, ratio, is at the root of two words that are often used to explain human behaviors: reason and rationality. The fi rst related ambiguity is organized around the confl ict between reason and passion. The other is related to rational choice, which is opposed to the diverse forms of irrationality. This paper argues that Julius Caesar challenges the idea that a rational actor is one who acts only for sufficient reasons, and the play also subverts the conventional understanding of reason and rationality.展开更多
Target detection is an important research content in the radar field.At present,efforts are being made to optimize the precision of detection information.In this paper,we use the high pulse repetition frequency(HPRF)t...Target detection is an important research content in the radar field.At present,efforts are being made to optimize the precision of detection information.In this paper,we use the high pulse repetition frequency(HPRF)transmission method and orthogonal biphase coded signals in each pulse to avoid velocity ambiguity and range ambiguity of radar detection.In addition,We also apply Walsh matrix and genetic algorithm(GA)to generate satisfying orthogonal biphase coded signals with low auto-correlation sidelobe peak and cross-correlation peak,which make the results more accurate.In a radar receiver,data rearrangement of echo signals is performed,and then pulse compression and moving target detection(MTD)are utilized to get the final velocity and range information of a target without velocity ambiguity and range ambiguity.Besides,a small transmitting pulse time width is adopted to reduce the working blind area,and two different high pulse repetition frequencies(HPRFs)are adopted to solve the problem of range eclipse.Simulation results finally prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.展开更多
Based on the microdata of 705 wheat farmers in the Loess Plateau, this study empirically analyzes the impact of uncertainty on farmers' adoption of innovative seeds using a field experiment. The results indicate t...Based on the microdata of 705 wheat farmers in the Loess Plateau, this study empirically analyzes the impact of uncertainty on farmers' adoption of innovative seeds using a field experiment. The results indicate that farmers are generally ambiguity-averse and risk-averse. In addition, farmers with higher ambiguity aversion and risk aversion are less likely to adopt innovative wheat seeds, where their risk aversion plays a dominant role. Enhancing information access will alleviate the negative influence of ambiguity aversion on farmers' adoption of innovative seeds, and interlinked insurance and credit contracts will be beneficial to ease the adverse effect of risk aversion on the adoption of innovative wheat seeds. Meanwhile, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the inhibitory effects of ambiguity aversion and risk aversion on innovative seed adoption are more significant among farmers with lower education and household income.The government can establish both ex-ante and ex-post relevant guarantee mechanisms to help farmers preferably cope with various uncertainties in the production process, remitting farmers' ambiguity aversion and risk aversion to enhance new agricultural technology adoption rates.展开更多
In response to the unprecedented uncertain rare events of the last decade,we derive an optimal portfolio choice problem in a semi-closed form by integrating price diffusion ambiguity,volatility diffusion ambiguity,and...In response to the unprecedented uncertain rare events of the last decade,we derive an optimal portfolio choice problem in a semi-closed form by integrating price diffusion ambiguity,volatility diffusion ambiguity,and jump ambiguity occurring in the traditional stock market and the cryptocurrency market into a single framework.We reach the following conclusions in both markets:first,price diffusion and jump ambiguity mainly determine detection-error probability;second,optimal choice is more significantly affected by price diffusion ambiguity than by jump ambiguity,and trivially affected by volatility diffusion ambiguity.In addition,investors tend to be more aggressive in a stable market than in a volatile one.Next,given a larger volatility jump size,investors tend to increase their portfolio during downward price jumps and decrease it during upward price jumps.Finally,the welfare loss caused by price diffusion ambiguity is more pronounced than that caused by jump ambiguity in an incomplete market.These findings enrich the extant literature on effects of ambiguity on the traditional stock market and the evolving cryptocurrency market.The results have implications for both investors and regulators.展开更多
Link16 data link is the communication standard of the joint tactical information distribution system(JTIDS)used by the U.S.military and North Atlantic Treaty Organization,which is applied as the opportunistic illumina...Link16 data link is the communication standard of the joint tactical information distribution system(JTIDS)used by the U.S.military and North Atlantic Treaty Organization,which is applied as the opportunistic illuminator for passive radar in this paper.The time-domain expression of the Link16 signal is established,and its ambiguity function expression is derived.The timedelay dimension and Doppler dimension side peaks of which lead to the appearance of the false target during target detection.To solve the problem,the time-delay dimension and Doppler dimension side peaks suppression methods are proposed.For the problem that the conventional mismatched filter(MMF)cannot suppress the time-delay dimension side peaks,a neighborhood MMF(NMMF)is proposed.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.展开更多
Technological innovations significantly influence individual firms and other innova-tions,such as financial innovations.The future of a firm depends on its innovation investment strategy.According to the literature,in...Technological innovations significantly influence individual firms and other innova-tions,such as financial innovations.The future of a firm depends on its innovation investment strategy.According to the literature,innovation investments are affected by ambiguity.This study examines how ambiguity affects the innovation strategies of managers.We show that the innovation strategies of ambiguity-averse managers differ from those of ambiguity-neutral managers.Unlike ambiguity-neutral managers,ambiguity-averse managers consider a broader variety of innovation strategies for a wider range of future innovation arrival times.Regarding the profitability of a future innovation,ambiguity-averse managers delay the investment decision until the profit-ability of the innovation is less ambiguous.Moreover,we examine innovation strategies under various conditions,including the risk of innovation outdatedness,management disputes,and the varying volatility of innovations.展开更多
“La brega”unveils a multifaceted exploration of human existence,reflecting the intricate interplay of ambiguity and ethical engagement within Puerto Rican culture.This concept,with its roots in the aesthetic realm o...“La brega”unveils a multifaceted exploration of human existence,reflecting the intricate interplay of ambiguity and ethical engagement within Puerto Rican culture.This concept,with its roots in the aesthetic realm of ambiguity,beckons individuals to savor the pleasure of indefiniteness and resist the confines of historical anchorage.Drawing parallels to Kierkegaard’s musings on Don Juan,it reveals the allure of eternal longing,evading the consummation of desire and leading to existential despair.However,“la brega”is far from static;it undergoes an evolution toward an ethical phase.Here,individuals navigate the turbulent waters of reconciliation and conflict resolution,eschewing violence while embracing the boundaries of responsibility.This ethical iteration resonates with Kierkegaard’s ethical stage,where moral responsibility and courageous choices take center stage.Yet,it is vital to recognize that“la brega”transcends any simplistic notions of docility;it embodies a resilient and transformative force within Puerto Rican culture,capable of driving meaningful and impactful actions.In its nuanced exploration of ambiguity,ethics,and resilience,“la brega”offers profound insights into the intricate tapestry of human experience.展开更多
文摘Relative clauses(RCs)processing has been a hot issue in decades.Studies from head-initial languages have found that SRCs were easier to comprehend than ORCs,and many different models were constructed to account for SRCs preference.Chinese are head-final languages and the head noun phrases are behind the internal-clause.Such a great difference in syntactic structure made Chinese to be the optimum material to test the models mentioned above.In the paper,two experiments were carried out using eye-movement tracking methods to explore the difficulty with RCs processing in mandarin,and results showed that:when the two noun phrases were both from animate category,SRCs were more difficult than ORCs,but when the noun phrases in the internal-relative-clause were inanimate and the noun phrases in the matrix were animate,the difficulties with SRCs were greatly reduced.Based on these findings,we hold that the linear syntactic distance between the gap and the filler was not the key reason to the difficulty with SRCs.On the contrary,the ambiguity in argument construction may be the most important.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12005047 and U1832105).
文摘The optical potential ambiguity is a long-standing problem in the analysis of elastic scattering data.For a specific collid-ing system,ambiguous potential families can lead to different behaviors in the nearside and farside scattering components.By contrast,the envelope method can decompose the experimental data into two components with negative and positive deflection angles,respectively.Hence,a question arises as to whether the comparison between the calculated nearside(or farside)component and the derived positive-deflection-angle(or negative-deflection-angle)component can help analyze the potential ambiguity problem.In this study,we conducted a trial application of the envelope method to the potential ambiguity problem.The envelope method was improved by including uncertainties in the experimental data.The colliding systems of 16O+28Si at 215.2 MeV and 12C+12C at 1016 MeV were considered in the analyses.For each colliding system,the angular distribution experimental data were described nearly equally well by two potential sets,one of which is“surface transpar-ent”and the other is refractive.The calculated angular distributions were decomposed into nearside and farside scattering components.Using the improved envelope method,the experimental data were decomposed into the positive-deflection-angle and negative-deflection-angle components,which were then compared with the calculated nearside and farside components.The capability of the envelope method to analyze the potential ambiguities was also discussed.
文摘In October, 1998, Ted Hughes, the great English poet and writer died of cancer at the age of 68. From 1957 to 1998, Hughes published numerous books of poetry and received various awards including the prestigious Whitbread Poetry Award. He was appointed Poet Laureate in 1984 and given Merit of Order shortly before his death. He was generally regarded, with Philip Larkin, as one of the two most important English poets since the Second
文摘The translation of English language and literary works has always been crucial for cross-cultural communication.However,a key challenge in translating such works is the accurate communication of ambiguity,which refers to expressions deliberately used in English texts with unclear meanings.These expressions are often poetic and carry deep symbols and implications,adding a unique charm to literary works.This article explores the manifestations of ambiguity in English language and literature and the translation strategies that can be employed to optimize the translation of ambiguity in the English language and literature.
文摘The solution of the current wind retrieval algorithm for scatterometers has several wind vector ambi-guities, due to the bi-harmonic relationship between normalized backscattering cross section and the relative wind direction and the existence of the measurement error. In order to remove the ambiguities for a unique wind field, a circular median filter approach (CMF) is usually adopted. But under the con-dition for clustering distribution of the false ambiguities in some local areas, the CMF fails and thus engenders block ambiguities, which degrade the precision of the retrieved wind field. For such a situation, a technique of identification and removal of the block ambiguities is presented to further optimize the retrieved wind field after CMF. It is demonstrated in experiment that this technique can identify and remove most of the block ambiguities.
文摘Shakespeare's Julius Caesar is remarkable for its rational mode as manifested in the use of language, style, action as well as its characterization. In this essay, I argue that the play is also striking with its numerous(ir)rational ambiguities. The same Latin word, ratio, is at the root of two words that are often used to explain human behaviors: reason and rationality. The fi rst related ambiguity is organized around the confl ict between reason and passion. The other is related to rational choice, which is opposed to the diverse forms of irrationality. This paper argues that Julius Caesar challenges the idea that a rational actor is one who acts only for sufficient reasons, and the play also subverts the conventional understanding of reason and rationality.
基金supported by the Special Science Foundation of Quzhou(2020D007,2021D009).
文摘Target detection is an important research content in the radar field.At present,efforts are being made to optimize the precision of detection information.In this paper,we use the high pulse repetition frequency(HPRF)transmission method and orthogonal biphase coded signals in each pulse to avoid velocity ambiguity and range ambiguity of radar detection.In addition,We also apply Walsh matrix and genetic algorithm(GA)to generate satisfying orthogonal biphase coded signals with low auto-correlation sidelobe peak and cross-correlation peak,which make the results more accurate.In a radar receiver,data rearrangement of echo signals is performed,and then pulse compression and moving target detection(MTD)are utilized to get the final velocity and range information of a target without velocity ambiguity and range ambiguity.Besides,a small transmitting pulse time width is adopted to reduce the working blind area,and two different high pulse repetition frequencies(HPRFs)are adopted to solve the problem of range eclipse.Simulation results finally prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71973087 and 72003215)the 72nd General Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M720170)+1 种基金the Soft Science Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, China (2022KRM131)the Special Fund Project of Basic Scientific Research Operation Funds of Central Universities, China (20SZYB21)。
文摘Based on the microdata of 705 wheat farmers in the Loess Plateau, this study empirically analyzes the impact of uncertainty on farmers' adoption of innovative seeds using a field experiment. The results indicate that farmers are generally ambiguity-averse and risk-averse. In addition, farmers with higher ambiguity aversion and risk aversion are less likely to adopt innovative wheat seeds, where their risk aversion plays a dominant role. Enhancing information access will alleviate the negative influence of ambiguity aversion on farmers' adoption of innovative seeds, and interlinked insurance and credit contracts will be beneficial to ease the adverse effect of risk aversion on the adoption of innovative wheat seeds. Meanwhile, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the inhibitory effects of ambiguity aversion and risk aversion on innovative seed adoption are more significant among farmers with lower education and household income.The government can establish both ex-ante and ex-post relevant guarantee mechanisms to help farmers preferably cope with various uncertainties in the production process, remitting farmers' ambiguity aversion and risk aversion to enhance new agricultural technology adoption rates.
基金support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22D110913)Jingzhou Yan gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the National Social Science Foundation Youth Project(21CTJ013)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(23NSFSC2796)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Postdoctoral Research Foundation of Sichuan University(Skbsh2202-18).
文摘In response to the unprecedented uncertain rare events of the last decade,we derive an optimal portfolio choice problem in a semi-closed form by integrating price diffusion ambiguity,volatility diffusion ambiguity,and jump ambiguity occurring in the traditional stock market and the cryptocurrency market into a single framework.We reach the following conclusions in both markets:first,price diffusion and jump ambiguity mainly determine detection-error probability;second,optimal choice is more significantly affected by price diffusion ambiguity than by jump ambiguity,and trivially affected by volatility diffusion ambiguity.In addition,investors tend to be more aggressive in a stable market than in a volatile one.Next,given a larger volatility jump size,investors tend to increase their portfolio during downward price jumps and decrease it during upward price jumps.Finally,the welfare loss caused by price diffusion ambiguity is more pronounced than that caused by jump ambiguity in an incomplete market.These findings enrich the extant literature on effects of ambiguity on the traditional stock market and the evolving cryptocurrency market.The results have implications for both investors and regulators.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61401526).
文摘Link16 data link is the communication standard of the joint tactical information distribution system(JTIDS)used by the U.S.military and North Atlantic Treaty Organization,which is applied as the opportunistic illuminator for passive radar in this paper.The time-domain expression of the Link16 signal is established,and its ambiguity function expression is derived.The timedelay dimension and Doppler dimension side peaks of which lead to the appearance of the false target during target detection.To solve the problem,the time-delay dimension and Doppler dimension side peaks suppression methods are proposed.For the problem that the conventional mismatched filter(MMF)cannot suppress the time-delay dimension side peaks,a neighborhood MMF(NMMF)is proposed.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
文摘Technological innovations significantly influence individual firms and other innova-tions,such as financial innovations.The future of a firm depends on its innovation investment strategy.According to the literature,innovation investments are affected by ambiguity.This study examines how ambiguity affects the innovation strategies of managers.We show that the innovation strategies of ambiguity-averse managers differ from those of ambiguity-neutral managers.Unlike ambiguity-neutral managers,ambiguity-averse managers consider a broader variety of innovation strategies for a wider range of future innovation arrival times.Regarding the profitability of a future innovation,ambiguity-averse managers delay the investment decision until the profit-ability of the innovation is less ambiguous.Moreover,we examine innovation strategies under various conditions,including the risk of innovation outdatedness,management disputes,and the varying volatility of innovations.
文摘“La brega”unveils a multifaceted exploration of human existence,reflecting the intricate interplay of ambiguity and ethical engagement within Puerto Rican culture.This concept,with its roots in the aesthetic realm of ambiguity,beckons individuals to savor the pleasure of indefiniteness and resist the confines of historical anchorage.Drawing parallels to Kierkegaard’s musings on Don Juan,it reveals the allure of eternal longing,evading the consummation of desire and leading to existential despair.However,“la brega”is far from static;it undergoes an evolution toward an ethical phase.Here,individuals navigate the turbulent waters of reconciliation and conflict resolution,eschewing violence while embracing the boundaries of responsibility.This ethical iteration resonates with Kierkegaard’s ethical stage,where moral responsibility and courageous choices take center stage.Yet,it is vital to recognize that“la brega”transcends any simplistic notions of docility;it embodies a resilient and transformative force within Puerto Rican culture,capable of driving meaningful and impactful actions.In its nuanced exploration of ambiguity,ethics,and resilience,“la brega”offers profound insights into the intricate tapestry of human experience.
