Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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比索洛尔联合胺碘酮对顽固性室性心律失常患者症状改善及不良反应的影响

目的探讨比索洛尔联合胺碘酮对顽固性室性心律失常患者症状改善及不良反应的影响。方法100例顽固性室性心律失常患者随机分为两组各50例。对照组采用胺碘酮治疗,观察组采用比索洛尔联合胺碘酮治疗。比较两组的治疗效果、心电图指标以及不良反应。结果观察组的治疗总有效率为98.0%,高于对照组的86.0%(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的室性前期收缩数、短阵室速数均少于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的药物不良反应发生率为8.0%,低于对照组的24.0%(P<0.05)。结论比索洛尔联合胺碘酮治疗顽固性室性心律失常能够显著改善患者的心功能,提高治疗效果,减少药物不良反应。

The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

美托洛尔联合胺碘酮治疗房颤的临床效果

目的探讨美托洛尔联合胺碘酮治疗房颤的临床效果。方法选取2019年3月至2020年7月本院收治的100例房颤患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组50例。对照组单一应用美托洛尔治疗,观察组采用美托洛尔联合胺碘酮治疗,比较两组临床疗效、心功能指标、膀抑素C、C反应蛋白、内皮素-1水平及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用药前,两组左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末期容积、心排血量、左心室收缩末期容积比较差异无统计学意义;用药后,两组左心室射血分数高于用药前,左心室舒张末期容积、心排血量均大于用药前,左心室收缩末期容积小于用药前,且观察组左心室射血分数高于对照组,左心室舒张末期容积、心排血量大于对照组,左心室收缩末期容积小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用药前,两组膀抑素C、C反应蛋白、内皮素-1水平比较差异无统计学意义;用药后,两组膀抑素C、C反应蛋白、内皮素-1水平均低于用药前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组用药不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论美托洛尔联合胺碘酮治疗房颤效果显著,可显著改善患者心功能,安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

参松养心胶囊联合低剂量胺碘酮治疗室性心律失常的疗效分析

目的:观察参松养心胶囊联合低剂量胺碘酮治疗室性心律失常的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析106例室性心律失常患者资料,按照用药不同分为对照组和观察组,每组53例。两组患者均予以常规治疗,在此基础上对照组患者给予盐酸胺碘酮片口服治疗(第1周:每次0.2 g,每日3次;第2周:每次0.2 g,每日2次;第3周至疗程结束:每次0.2 g,每日1次);观察组患者予以盐酸胺碘酮片口服治疗(第1周:每次0.2 g,每日2次;第2周至疗程结束:每次0.2 g,每日1次)+参松养心胶囊1.6 g,口服,每天3次。两组疗程均为8周。观察并比较两组患者临床疗效,血压,心率,心电图中PR间期、QT间期,复律时间以及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组患者总有效率(94.34%)显著高于对照组(81.13%),不良反应发生率(3.77%)显著低于对照组(13.21%),复律时间显著短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者心率显著低于同组治疗前,且观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前后血压、PR间期和QT间期比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在常规治疗基础上,参松养心胶囊联合低剂量胺碘酮治疗室性心律失常疗效较好,可以显著改善患者心率,起效较快,安全性亦较好。

胺碘酮治疗快速性心律失常的有效性和安全性的临床研究

目的评价胺碘酮在急诊危重症合并快速性心律失常的疗效和安全性。方法2004年1月至2006年12月我院急诊抢救室、重症监护室收治合并快速性心律失常的危重症患者183例,分室上性(AV)组和室性(V)组,AV组分为治疗(AVA)组和对照(AVC)组,AVA组予以胺碘酮,AVC组予以西地兰治疗。V组亦分为治疗(VA)组和对照(AVC)组,VA组予胺碘酮治疗,VC组予利多卡因治疗,通过临床治疗比较治疗组和对照组的有效性和安全性。结果治疗组(AVA+VA)总有效率为88.2%,而对照组(AVC+VC)67.8%,两组相比差异显著。结论临床急诊危重症合并快速性心律失常时静脉胺碘酮治疗能有效地予以控制。

小剂量胺碘酮治疗快速室上性心律失常的临床疗效观察

目的探讨胺碘酮对快速室上性心律失常的临床治疗效果。方法选择81例发作至就诊时间<48h,病程<6个月,有明显不适症状的急诊室上性心律失常患者,按入院先后顺序及治疗用药随机分为胺碘酮组(41例)与心律平组(40例)。观察急诊24h内两组患者转复有效率和不良反应。结果碘酮组转复率85.4%(35/41),心律平组70%(28/40)。两组转复率比较有显著差异(P<0.05);两组在血压、心律、神经系统等副作用方面比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),均未见严重不良反应病例出现。结论胺碘酮对快速室上性心律失常的疗效较佳,可作为治疗该病的首选药物。

卡托普利联合小剂量胺碘酮对病毒性心肌炎合并室性心律失常患儿心电图、心肌损伤标记物和心功能的影响

目的:观察卡托普利联合小剂量胺碘酮对病毒性心肌炎(VMC)合并室性心律失常(VA)患儿心电图、心肌损伤标记物和心功能的影响。方法:将118例VMC合并VA患儿随机分为观察组(n=60例)和对照组(n=58例),两组均常规抗病毒和营养心肌治疗,对照组在其基础上给予小剂量胺碘酮治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予卡托普利治疗,两组疗程2周。观察两组治疗前后动态心电图检查、心肌损伤标记物和心功能的变化情况;并统计两组临床疗效和不良反应。结果:观察组VA和MVC治疗的总有效率显著高于对照组(P均<0.05);两组治疗后PVC、NSVT发生频率较治疗前显著降低,心率变异性(HRV)相关参数(SDNN、RMSSD、SDANN和PNN50)较治疗前均显著升高,观察组治疗后以上指标均优于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后血浆CK-MB、CK、cTnI、LDH和AST较治疗前均显著降低,观察组治疗后以上心肌损伤标记物水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后LVEF、FS和E/A较治疗前均显著升高(P<0.05),LVEDD和LVESD均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),观察组治疗后以上指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:卡托普利联合小剂量胺碘酮能够促进VMC合并VA患儿心律转复,改善HRV,还能加强心肌保护,提高心功能,疗效确定且安全性好。

房颤转复前持续时间对胺碘酮预防房颤复发的影响

目的:探讨房颤转复前持续时间对胺碘酮预防房颤复发疗效的影响。方法:选择房颤病例共84例(男50例,女34例),根据转复前房颤持续时间分为2组。A组:持续时间小于48h;B组:持续时间大于48h。选用静脉点滴或口服胺碘酮来转复房颤,预防复发的方法为先用负荷剂量400mg/d,共14d,然后为维持剂量50～200mg/d,可根据患者的疗效以及副作用在此范围内调整剂量。分别于房颤转复后1月、3月、6月以及12月观察两组的房颤复发率以及胺碘酮的安全性。结果:A组患者服用胺碘酮后1月、3月、6月以及12月房颤复发率分别为0%、11%、23%、32%;B组患者分别为1%、15%、20%、41%,统计学分析显示两组间无显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:转复前房颤持续时间对胺碘酮预防房颤复发无明显影响。

依那普利、坎地沙坦与小剂量胺碘酮配伍治疗阵发性房颤180例对照观察

目的:探讨坎地沙坦和依那普利与小剂量胺碘酮配伍治疗心功能正常的阵发性心房颤动(房颤)维持窦性心律的长期疗效。方法:将180例阵发性房颤随机分为胺碘酮组(A组,n=61)、胺碘酮+坎地沙坦组(B组,n=59),胺碘酮+依那普利组(C组,n=60),治疗随访时间为1.5年,研究的一级终点为房颤复发。比较3个组治疗后的窦性心律维持率以及治疗前、治疗后6、12、18个月的左心房内径。结果:治疗12个月后,A组左心房内径大于B组和C组(P<0.05)。治疗6个月后,A组窦性心律的维持率明显低于B组和C组(P<0.05),而B组和C组间无显著性差异。试验终点时,A组的窦性心律维持率为58.6%,B组为83.6%,C组为81.5%(P<0.05)。C组刺激性干咳的发生率明显高于A组和B组,而持续性窦性心动过缓和QT间期≥0.5s的发生率三组间无显著性差异。结论:胺碘酮分别与坎地沙坦和依那普利配伍治疗阵发性房颤,维持窦性心律的疗效间差异无显著性差异,但优于单用胺碘酮,并能抑制左心房的扩大。