Physiology of Cold Resistance of Amorpha fruticosa L. cv. Jinye

With two-year-old Amorpha fruticosa L. cv. Jinye and A. fruticosa as the research objects, the relative conductivity, MDA content, soluble sugar content, solu- ble protein content and proline content in leaf were determined during natural drop in temperature, and the SOD, POD and COD activity in leaf were determined under artificial low temperature to explore the adaptability of A. fruticosa L. cv. Jinye to low temperature. The results showed that with the decrease in natural temperature, the content of MDA in A. fruticosa L. cv. Jinye was lower than that in the control, and the contents of osmotic adjustment substances （soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline） increased, indicating that A. fruticosa L. cv. Jinye had a stronger toler- ance to low temperature compared with A. fruticosa. The activity of SOD, POD and CAT in A. fruticosa L. cv. Jinye increased continuously, higher than that in the con- trol, indicating that the resisting ability of A. fruticosa L. cv. Jinye against low tem- perature was superior to that of the control. There was no significant difference in relative conductivity between A. fruticosa L. cv. Jinye and A. fruticosa.

An experimental study exploring the influencing factors for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoid compounds from leaves of Amorpha fruticosa L.

In this paper,the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of flavonoid compounds from leaves of Amorpha fruticosa is optimized.In single factor experiments,solid/liquid ratios,ultrasonic power,ethanol concentrations and extraction cycles were experimental factors.Box–Behnken central composite design and RSM analyzed the effects of the four factors on the yield of total flavonoids.The optimal extraction parameters were solid/liquid ratio 1:50 g/mL,ultrasonic power 316 W,ethanol concentration 50%,4 extraction cycles.In the optimized condition,the estimated value of the regression model was 66.6456 mg/g while the measured value was 66.4329 mg/g.

Effects of soil moisture and light intensity on ecophysiological characteristics of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings

We investigated the combined effects of soil moisture and light intensity on the growth, development and ecophysiological characteristics of one-year old Amorpha fruticosa seedlings. Soil moisture and light intensity influenced the ecophysiological characteristics of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings. Soil moisture resulted in the decreases of growth rate, individual size, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf water loss rate （WLR）, and biomass accumulation of plant parts, and led to increased leaf water saturation deficit （WSD）. Under water stress, more photosynthetic products were allocated to root growth. With decreasing light intensity, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chla/b, water saturation deficit, water use efficiency, water loss rate and biomass accumulation declined, while Chla, Chlb, Chla＋b and carotenoids （Car） increased and more photosynthetic products were allocated to stem and leaf growth. Maximum growth vigor, net photosynthetic rate and total biomass accumulation in Amorpha fruticosa seedlings was recorded at 75 80% soil water-holding capacity and 100% light density in greenhouse environments.

Cloning of A Full-Length cDNA Encoding 4-Coumarate:CoA Ligase of Amorpha fruticosa by PCR-Based Methods

An Amorpha fruticosa cDNA encoding 4 coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism related to lignin forming, was cloned by degenerating oligo primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) PCR. We designed 5′RACE primers based on 4CLA1 fragment which obtained from degenerate PCR. Inverse PCR and nested PCR enabled cloning of the remainder fragments of the gene included 5′ and 3′ end sequence. The ORF encodes a polypeptide of 540 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence exhibits significant homology with those of other cloned 4CL genes, contain domains typical of predicted 4CL proteins, in particular a postulated AMP binding site, catalytic domain, and conserved Cys residues.

A new compound from the fruit of Amorpha fruticosa and activity against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity

A new isoflavone was obstained from the medicinal herb Amorpha fruticosa. It was elucidated asbenzopyran- 12-one, 1,4,10,11 - tetrahydro-6′-[8′-（hydroxymethy1）etheny1]-2,3-dimethoxy-8′-O-β-glucopyranosy1-O-α-D-arabinoside by spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, 1D NMR and 2D NMR techniques. And the activity against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity of this compound was also studied, and found this compound can protect liver obviously from hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen （AAP）. ？2009 Ting Guo Kang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Transcriptome analysis of the symbiosis-related genes between Funneliformis mosseae and Amorpha fruticosa

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) can colonize and form associations with the roots of Amorpha fruticosa L.(desert false indigo). Various genes are induced during the symbiotic process. In this study, de novo transcriptome sequencing using RNA-seq was conducted for the first time for a comprehensive analysis of AMF-A. fruticosa symbionts at the transcript level. We obtained 12 G of raw data from illumina sequencing and recovered 115,786 unigenes with an average length of547 bp, among them 41,848 of significance. A total of2460 diffexpression genes were identified, including 1579 down-regulated and 881 up-regulated genes. A threshold for false discovery rate of \ 0.001 and fold change of [ 1 determined significant differences in gene expression.Using these criteria, we screened 285 significant differentially expressed genes, of which 82 were up-regulated and203 down-regulated. The 82 up-regulated genes were classified according to their functions and assigned into seven categories: stress and defense, metabolism, signaling transduction, protein folding and degradation, energy,protein synthesis, and transcription. The 203 down-regulated genes were screened according to fold change [ 2,and 50 highly significant down-regulated genes were obtained related to stress and defense. The results of this study will provide a useful foundation for further investigation on the metabolic characteristics and molecular mechanisms of AMF associations with leguminous woody shrubs.

Trichome-Specific Expression of Amorpha-4,11-Diene Synthase, a Key Enzyme of Artemisinin Biosynthesis in <i>Artemisia annua</i>L., as Reported by a Promoter-GUS Fusion

Artemisia annua L. produces small amounts of the sesquiterpenoid artemisinin, which is used for treatment of malaria. A worldwide shortage of the drug has led to intense research to increase the yield of artemisinin in the plant. In order to study the regulation of expression of a key enzyme of artemisinin biosynthesis, the promoter region of the key enzyme amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) was cloned and fused with the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Transgenic plants of A. annua expressing this fusion were generated and studied. Transgenic plants expressing the GUS gene were used to establish the activity of the cloned promoter by a GUS activity staining procedure. GUS under the control of the ADS promoter showed specific expression in glandular trichomes. The activity of the ADS promoter varies temporally and in old tissues essentially no GUS staining could be observed. The expression pattern of GUS and ADS in aerial parts of the transgenic plant was essentially the same indicating that the cis-elements controlling glandular trichome specific expression are included in the cloned promoter. However, some cis-element(s) that control expression in root and old leaf appears to be missing in the cloned promoter. Furthermore, qPCR was used to compare the activity of the wild-type ADS promoter with that of the cloned ADS promoter. The latter promoter showed a considerably lower activity than the wild-type promoter as judged from the levels of GUS and ADS transcripts, respectively, which may be due to the removal of an enhancing cis-element from the ADS promoter. The ADS gene is specifically expressed in stalk and secretory cells of glandular trichomes of A. annua.

Cloning a Full-length cDNA Encoding UDP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase from Amorpha fruticosa by PCR-based Methods

A method based on degenerate Oligo primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and random amplification of cDNA end (RACE) PCR for cloning a full length cDNA is described. An Amorpha fruticosa cDNA clone encoding UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP), a key enzyme producing UDP glucose in the synthesis of sucrose and cellulose, is cloned by using this method. We design 5’ RACE primers based on UGPA1 fragment, which obtains from degenerate PCR. Inverse PCR and nested PCR enable cloning of the remainder 5’ and 3’ end fragments of the gene. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits significant homology with the other UGP genes cloned. This method is more simple and inexpensive than screening cDNA library, and can be easily adapted to clone other genes.

紫穗槐根土复合体特征对黄土边坡稳定性的影响

[目的]研究含水率、含根量及根系布置方式对根土复合体抗剪强度影响,揭示紫穗槐根系对黄土边坡加固机理,为黄土边坡生态防护及提高坡面稳定性工程实践提供科学参考。[方法]利用ZJ型应变控制式直剪仪进行紫穗槐根土复合体剪切试验,以无根系土为对照,分析不同含水率、含根量和布根方式对抗剪强度影响;应用FLAC 3D软件模拟紫穗槐根系分布方式对黄土边坡稳定性影响。[结果](1)随着含水率增加,抗剪强度指标黏聚力和内摩擦角均降低。(2)随着含根量增加,抗剪强度在不同含水率条件下表现出不同规律。当含水率为9.31%时,抗剪强度随着根面积比(RAR)增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,在RAR为0.15%时,抗剪强度达到最大值;当含水率为15.65%和17.44%时,抗剪强度随着RAR增加而增加。(3)“卄”形布根方式能显著提高根土复合体抗剪强度,当含水率为17.44%时,卄形布根与无根土相比,平均抗剪强度增加31.81 kPa。(4)数值模拟结果表明,根系长度、主根与铅垂方向的夹角均与稳定性呈正相关关系。[结论]通过室内试验和数值模拟研究表明,紫穗槐能较好提高黄土边坡稳定性,紫穗槐交错种植,防护效果更佳。

广西两种新记录归化植物

该文报道广西两种新记录归化植物,分别为细柱西番莲(Passiflora suberosa)和紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)。目前,已在野外发现两种植物种群。两种植物均具有较强的结实和繁育能力,且种群正在壮大。该文还提供识别特征和彩色照片,以便对已归化种群进行动态监测。

紫穗槐屑代替木屑栽培香菇配方试验

以香菇0912为供试菌株,在培养料中以紫穗槐屑代替硬杂木屑进行栽培试验,通过比较菌丝生长速度、产量、生物学效率和子实体营养成分,筛选紫穗槐屑代替木屑的最优配比。结果表明:以木屑86%、麸皮13%、石膏1%为基础配方,紫穗槐屑添加量为43.0%和59.9%时,菌丝生长速度较快,分别为12.01和12.06 mm/d,生物学效率比对照高60%左右,差异达到极显著水平。添加了紫穗槐屑的处理,第2潮开始产量增加明显,而对照产量集中于第4、5潮。添加紫穗槐屑处理子实体中铅含量稍高,但是低于《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2022)限量标准。

基于文献计量分析紫穗槐研究进展及趋势

以中国知网(CNKI)全文数据库为数据源,对2012—2021年发表的有关紫穗槐研究的文献进行检索,利用Excel软件和VOSviewer软件对载文量年度变化趋势、文献类型、研究团队、研究机构、研究高频词、单篇被引频次、文献研究方向等进行系统分析。结果显示,2012—2021年间中国知网(CNKI)数据库共收录618篇紫穗槐相关中文文献,其中林业类文献最多,为261篇(占比43.72%);全部文献中有193篇受基金项目支持,国家级基金项目为167篇(占比86.53%);发文数量最多的研究机构为西北农林科技大学,共发文57篇(占比25.68%);收录紫穗槐相关文献最多的期刊为《西北农林科技大学学报》,共计25篇。紫穗槐的生态与环境、造林与栽培养护、植物生理等方向是近年来的研究热点,我国在以上3个研究方向已经取得了较高水平的科研成果。虽然紫穗槐的文献数目自2014年后呈现下降趋势,但已经在2020年出现上升现象,说明紫穗槐的科研价值重新受到了学者们的关注。

氮、磷、钾肥对紫穗槐幼苗根叶化学计量特性的影响

探讨紫穗槐根和叶化学计量特性对养分的适应性,为豆科植物施肥和限制模式的研究提供依据,采用三因素(氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)),三水平(N1,N2,N3,P1,P2,P3,K1,K2,K3)的施肥处理,测定紫穗槐幼苗根和叶的碳(C)、氮、磷、钾含量,分析根和叶各元素之间的关系。结果表明,在P、K添加下,叶片比根系有更强的响应,根系对N添加有更强的反应。叶片和根N含量、根N/K和N/P随施氮水平的增加而显著增加,根P/K、叶P/K和根C/N显著降低。随着施磷量的增加,叶片N、P、K含量、根P含量、根N/K和P/K显著增加,叶N/K和叶N/P显著降低;根和叶K含量随施钾量的增加而显著增加,根N/K和P/K、叶N/K和P/K显著降低。叶P含量与根P含量、叶K含量与根K含量呈显著正相关,叶C、N含量与根C、N含量之间的关系不显著,而叶根N、P、K含量分别与相应的C/N、N/P和N/K呈显著负相关。叶和根的C/N之间的关系不显著,而叶的N/P、N/K和P/K之间的相关性显著。隶属函数分析结果表明,在紫穗槐C、N、P、K含量的累积方面,N2处理最佳。N的添加导致P对叶片和根的限制;P的添加导致N对叶片和根系的限制;K的添加并没有改变限制模式。研究结果可为紫穗槐的合理施肥和科学管理提供依据。

紫穗槐抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX2)基因的克隆及抗旱性功能验证

为了研究紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa L.)在干旱条件下感知胁迫信号并通过生理和生化调节途径来维持其耐性功能作用的基因,可为紫穗槐抗旱性育种提供一个候选基因。通过对紫穗槐在干旱胁迫下的转录组数据进行分析,活性氧平衡系统的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(Ascorbate Peroxidase,APX2)基因的表达量随胁迫时间显著升高,对紫穗槐的AfAPX2基因进行克隆,采用无缝克隆技术连接入门载体(pQB-V3),通过Gateway体系LR反应将目的基因构建到表达载体,并用电击法转化根癌农杆菌EHA105,采用农杆菌介导转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum),愈伤组织培养成T 0代苗,收获种子后种植研究其与干旱胁迫的相关性。结果表明,AfAPX2基因表达蛋白与拟南芥和水稻的APX2同源比对,同样有过氧化物酶的结构域,推测可以通过ROS途径增强植物抗逆性。AfAPX2蛋白质二级结构有13处α-螺旋,17处β-折叠,4处β-转角和多处无规则卷曲,AfAPX2酶三级结构具有铁离子的结合位点。在干旱胁迫和胁迫后恢复供水下,过表达AfAPX2基因株系的叶片以及植株的茂盛程度明显大于野生型。本研究发现转AfAPX2基因阳性植株对自然干旱胁迫的耐受性增强,提高了烟草的抗旱性,说明AfAPX2在响应干旱胁迫中可能扮演重要的调节角色。进而验证了紫穗槐干旱胁迫转录组的上调基因与其相关,可以找到提高抗旱性的相关基因。

不同容器类型和基质对紫穗槐生长的影响

为提高紫穗槐容器育苗技术,采用随机区组试验设计,通过交互效应和简单效应分析,研究不同育苗容器和基质对紫穗槐幼苗生长的影响,以便选择适宜的育苗容器和育苗基质。结果表明:容器类型和基质均对紫穗槐幼苗生长有显著影响,两者的交互效应也有一定影响。主效应表明,塑料营养杯容器更能促进紫穗槐苗高、地径、茎干质量、根干质量、主根长、根总长、根平均直径、根表面积、根体积及根系径级等指标生长;黄心土+草炭土混合基质明显优于单一黄心土基质,更能有效保证苗木地上和地下部分的生长。基质和容器类型对紫穗槐的交互效应主要表现在地径、茎干质量、根干质量及大径级根系生长方面。因此,塑料营养杯容器和黄心土+草炭土混合基质的组合更有利于促进紫穗槐苗木生长。

外源激素处理对紫穗槐种子萌发和幼苗成活的影响

为了探讨激素种类和浓度对紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa L.)种子萌发及其成活率的影响,探究了不同浓度赤霉素(GA_(3))、萘乙酸(NAA)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)对紫穗槐种子萌发过程及其后续移栽成活率的影响。通过测定种子萌发的发芽率、发芽势、根长和幼苗移栽成活率等指标,旨在了解不同激素和浓度处理对紫穗槐种子在萌发和生长初期阶段的影响。结果表明:紫穗槐种子萌发和生长明显受不同外源激素的影响。与NAA和IAA处理相比,200 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)处理的紫穗槐种子萌发特性较好,发芽时间、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、根长均最高,且在移栽实验中具有最高的存活率88.8%。IAA处理不仅推迟了发芽时间还降低了发芽率、发芽势和根长等,且其处理的种植移栽后存活率为0%。这说明相较于NAA和IAA,紫穗槐种子更适宜用GA_(3)处理,在生产实践中可以选择GA_(3)作为培育种子处理措施。

不同树种混交对杨树生长的影响

为寻找对白毛杨生长有利的混交模式,选择榆树、刨刺槐和紫穗槐3中树种与白毛杨进行了3 a的混交实验,分析不同混交模式对白毛杨生长的影响。结果表明,白毛杨与紫穗槐混交的模式下,白毛杨的树高、胸径、单株材积和蓄积量均达到了最大值,分别为16.67 m、14.03 cm、0.116 m^(3)/株和140.01 m^(3)/hm^(2),显著高于白毛杨与榆树、白毛杨与刺槐混交模式。因此,造林时建议选择紫穗槐作为白毛杨的混交树种。这一研究结果可为杨树混交造林提供有益的参考。

基于midas GTS/NX的紫穗槐灌木根系生态护坡固土效应研究

基于广西省百色项目工程实际,通过midas GTS/NX软件对紫穗槐灌木幼期根系边坡(加筋边坡)与成年期根系边坡(锚固边坡)分别进行自然工况与连续降雨3 d工况(暴雨等级300 mm/d)的数值模拟,并利用有限元强度折减系数法求得边坡安全稳定性系数,对照裸露边坡比较分析2类根系边坡的护坡效应。研究表明,紫穗槐灌木根系不仅可以改善边坡浅层土体的应力与应变场,而且还可以提高土体的力学参数,并且在强降雨工况下使得边坡的安全稳定性得到增强。

紫穗槐药学研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,对紫穗槐的种属、鉴别、药理、临床应用和生态价值等方面的研究进展进行综述,为进一步开发利用提供科学资料。

多效唑对紫穗槐生长及生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验的方法研究了土施不同浓度多效唑（1、5、10、15、20 mg/L）对紫穗槐（Amorpha fruticosa Linn.）生长及生理特性的影响,以探明多效唑对紫穗槐的作用机制和最佳处理方式。结果显示：随着多效唑处理浓度（1～20 mg/L）的增加,紫穗槐幼苗株高、单叶面积和主根长呈下降趋势,基径、叶片长宽比、根鲜重和根冠比呈上升趋势;多效唑各处理均使紫穗槐幼苗叶片的相对含水量、叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量显著升高,POD活性显著增加,MDA含量和相对电导率显著下降。采用隶属函数法对各项生长、生理指标进行综合评价,结果发现20 mg/L多效唑处理下紫穗槐幼苗的抗性最强。说明多效唑可通过调节紫穗槐幼苗的生物量分配、水分状况、细胞渗透性和抗氧化性等,有效改善其生长、生理特性及提高抗逆性。本研究结果为多效唑在边坡植被建成和恢复中的应用提供了理论依据。