Three-dimensional numerical simulation of heating and melting behaviors of cerium oxide powders in radio frequency thermal plasma

The present study aims at the numerical simulations of the melting process of cerium oxide particles in RF thermal plasma.The physical model and the calculating method were described firstly;the interaction between cerium oxide particles and plasma was analyzed;specific attention was given to the effects of particle initial size,injection velocity on the particle melting and trajectory in plasma.The influence of the temperature field and velocity field distribution of the plasma around the particle trajectory on the melting effect is analyzed,and the relationship between the heat absorption efficiency of the particles and the particle size reduction process is further determined.It is also found that there exists an optimal particle initial injection velocity which led to a more concentrated final particle size distribution and a more significant reduction of particle size.The results could provide effective guidance for understanding the plasma spheroidization process of uranium dioxide and cerium dioxide powder particles.

Dynamic Behaviors of A Marine Riser Under Two Different Frequency Parametric Excitations

The marine risers are often subjected to parametric excitations from the fluctuation top tension. The top tension on the riser may fluctuate with multiple frequencies caused by irregular waves. In this paper, the influence between different frequency components in the top tension on the riser system is theoretically simulated and analyzed. With the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, a dynamic model for the vibrations of the riser is established. The top tension is set as fluctuating with time and it has two different frequencies. The influences from the fluctuation amplitudes, circular frequencies and phase angles of these frequency components on the riser system are analyzed in detail. When these two frequencies are fluctuating in the stable regions, the riser system may become unstable because ω1+ω2≈2Ωn. The fluctuation amplitudes of these frequencies have little effect on the components of the vibration frequencies of the riser. For different phase angles, the stability and dynamic behaviors of the riser would be different.

Relationship Between Behavioral Frequency and Reproductive Potential of Female Alpine Musk Deer in Captivity

Between June 2005 and February 2006, focal sampling and all occurrence behavior recording were used to quantify the behavioral patterns of captive female alpine musk deer （Moschus sifanicus） at Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm, Gansu Province, China. Copulation success was used to differentiate individuals into two groups （successful and unsuccessful） and to provide a basis for behavioral comparisons, throughout both mating （rut） and non mating seasons. The results indicated significant differences between the behavior patterns of successful and unsuccessful females; however, the reproductive season played an important environmental factor. Pooling results across reproductive seasons, successfully copulating females showed significantly higher frequencies of vigilance and lower frequency of feeding behavior as compared with unsuccessfully copulating females. In the non-mating season, unsuccessfully copulating females had higher frequency of self-directed behavior, environment sniffing, and were less aggressive than successful copulating females. Furthermore, females who were successful at copulating also demonstrated tail-pasting behavior; however, this only occurred during the rut season. The results of this study can improve management practices for musk deer farms through increasing mating success and reducing maintenance costs. Furthermore, variation in behavior may also be used as a predictor of copulation success and reproductive potential, whereby females can be grouped and separated according to their reproductive history and past reproduction success.

Microstructure,tribological behavior and magnetic properties of Fe−Ni−TiO_(2) composite coatings synthesized via pulse frequency variation

The Fe−Ni−TiO_(2) nanocomposite coatings were electrodeposited by pulse frequency variation.The results showed that the nanocomposite with a very dense coating surface and a nanocrystalline structure was produced at higher frequencies.By increasing the pulse frequency from 10 to 500 Hz,the iron and TiO_(2) nanoparticles contents were increased in expense of nickel content.XRD patterns showed that by increasing the frequency to 500 Hz,an enhancement of BCC phase was observed and the grain size of deposits was reduced to 35 nm.The microhardness and the surface roughness were increased to 647 HV and 125 nm at 500 Hz due to the grain size reduction and higher incorporation of TiO_(2) nanoparticles into the Fe−Ni matrix(5.13 wt.%).Moreover,the friction coefficient and wear rate values were decreased by increasing the pulse frequency;while the saturation magnetization and coercivity values of the composite deposits were increased.

Analysis of Thermal Behavior of High Frequency Transformers Using Finite Element Method

High frequency transformer is used in many applications among the Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS), high voltage pulse power and etc can be mentioned. Regarding that the core of these transformers is often the ferrite core;their functions partly depend on this core characteristic. One of the characteristics of the ferrite core is thermal behavior that should be paid attention to because it affects the transformer function and causes heat generation. In this paper, a typical high frequency transformer with ferrite core is designed and simulated in ANSYS software. Temperature rise due to winding current (Joule-heat) is considered as heat generation source for thermal behavior analysis of the transformer. In this simulation, the temperature rise and heat distribution are studied and the effects of parameters such as flux density, winding loss value, using a fan to cool the winding and core and thermal conductivity are investigated.

Motion behavior of non-metallic particles under high frequency magnetic field

Non-metallic particles, especially alumina, are the main inclusions in aluminum and its alloys. Numerical simulation and the corresponding experiments were carried out to study the motion behavior of alumina particles in commercial pure aluminum under high frequency magnetic field. At the meantime, multi-pipe experiment was also done to discuss the prospect of continuous elimination of non-metallic particles under high frequency magnetic field. It is shown that: 1) results of numerical simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results, which certificates the rationality of the simulation model; 2) when the intensity of high frequency magnetic field is 0.06 T, the 30 μm alumina particles in melt inner could migrate to the edge and be removed within 2 s; 3) multi-pipe elimination of alumina particles under high frequency magnetic field is also effective and has a good prospect in industrial application.

Effect of pulse M-Arc frequency on Tri-Arc DE droplet transfer and weld forming

In view of the unstable welding process of Tri-Arc DE,surfacing test with Q235 steel plate was completed with the help of the self-built high-speed camera and waveform synchronous acquisition system using the Tri-Arc DE technology. The effects of pulsed M-Arc frequency on Tri-Arc DE droplet transfer and weld formation were analyzed. The results show that while the gradual increase of pulse frequency,the droplet transfer frequency gradually decreases,which is followed by several drops per pulse,one drop per pulse,and one drop within several pulses. The most ideal transfer form is one drop per pulse,of which the welding process is the most stable,and the quality of weld formation is the most satisfied.

Study on conveyor natural frequency and time intervalfor switching off resistances

A conveyor belt driven by wound rotor motors produces dynamic tension, velocity and accelerationduring starting. The terrible situation (such as resonance) in dynamic analysis and design is that system naturalfrequencies are equal to those for switching off electric resistances. This paper analyzes and determines systemnatural frequencies based on a modeling method of receptances with the analysis of sub-systems model and of theprinciple of their addition and conveyor loop closure. It also puts forward to calculate the time interval for switching off electric resistances. The starting of one conveyor is simulated by lumped-mass-spring-model software tofurther illustrate the influence of time interval for switching off electric resistances on conveyor dynamic behavior. Two methods are also compared. The receptance model is proved to be an excellent alternative.

Strain-threshold- and frequency-dependent seismic simulation of nonlinear soils

A one-dimensional equivalent linear method （EQL） is widely used in estimating seismic ground response. For this method, the shear modulus and damping ratio of inelastic soil are supposed to be frequency independent. However, historical earthquake records and laboratory test results indicate that nonlinear soil behavior is frequency- dependent. Several frequency-dependent equivalent linear methods （FDEQL） related to the Fourier amplitude of shear strain time history have been developed to take into account the frequency-dependent soil behavior. Furthermore, the shear strain threshold plays an important role in soil behavior. For shear strains below the elastic shear strain threshold, soil behaves essentially as a linear elastic mate- rial. To consider the effect of elastic-shear-strain-threshold- and frequency-dependent soil behavior on wave propaga- tion, the shear-strain-threshold- and frequency-dependent equivalent linear method （TFDEQL） is proposed. A series of analyses is implemented for EQL, FDEQL, and TFDEQL methods. Results show that elastic-shear-strain-threshold- and frequency-dependent soil behavior plays a great influence on the computed site response, especially for the high- frequency band. Also, the effect of elastic-strain-threshold- and frequency-dependent soil behavior on the site response is analyzed from relatively weak to strong input motion, and results show that the effect is more pronounced as input motion goes from weak to strong.

Properties of intermediate-frequency vacuum arc in sinusoidal curved contact and butt contact

In this report,two new contact structures of a vacuum interrupter with a sinusoidal curved surface are proposed to improve the capability by increasing the surface area.The experimental investigation of vacuum arc at intermediate frequency(360-800 Hz)was conducted and the results were compared with a butt contact with the same contact diameter(41 mm)and the same material.By analyzing the arc behavior,arc voltage characteristics,arc energy,current interrupting capacity,ablation of the anode contact and condensation of the arc products at a 3 mm gap,the differences in their vacuum arc characteristics were determined.The correlations of their arc energy with the amplitude and the frequency of the current were also achieved.Analysis suggests that the ruled curved contact has strong application potentiality because of its low arc energy,low arc voltage noise and arc voltage peak,light ablation on the surface of the anode contact and high interrupting capacity.

Synthetic sensitivity analysis of high frequency radiation of 2011Tohoku-Oki(MW9.0) earthquake

Frequency-dependent rupture behavior of sub- duction zone interplate megathrust faults has been observed by back-projection method in different frequency bands （from 0.05 to 5 Hz）. It has been suggested that the down-dip region of the Tohoku megathrust radiated strongly at high frequencies （〉10 Hz） compared with that of the up-dip region. By assuming the same source tirne function of each fault patch, we perform a synthetic sensitivity analysis to compare the energy received from the shallower parts （and further way from the receiver sites） with that frona the deeper parts （and closer to the receiver sites） of the rupture. Our results indicate that regional onshore recordings are probably not adequate to constrain the presence of far-off shore high frequency radiations because of the strong attenuation of this region.

变频电流激励下GIS隔离开关机械缺陷的振动非线性行为及其辨识方法

气体绝缘组合电器(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)机械缺陷是导致设备故障的关键因素之一,为此开展了变频电流激励模式下隔离开关底座松动缺陷的时频域振动图谱变化规律研究,进行了波形因子、重心频率等6个振动特征量的量化分析,采用灰狼算法优化的支持向量机研究提出了变频电流激励模式下GIS隔离开关底座松动缺陷严重程度辨识方法。结果表明:GIS隔离开关缺陷振动信号特征量与电流激励频率具有强相关性,与单一工频电流激励模式相比,变频电流激励具备更有效检测GIS设备机械缺陷的优势;基于126 kV真型GIS试验平台验证获得构建的隔离开关底座松动缺陷辨识模型的平均识别准确率达90%以上。该研究成果为揭示GIS设备的非线性机械振动特性及提升其机械缺陷检测水平提供了重要参考。

夏热冬冷地区住宅浴室热湿环境与洗浴行为研究

对上海地区住宅浴室热湿环境进行了实地测量,分析了浴室热湿环境特征,并通过网络问卷调研了典型人群的洗浴行为。结果表明:浴室热湿环境受洗浴行为影响明显,淋浴开始后空气温度迅速升高,相对湿度接近饱和状态,淋浴结束后相对湿度需要较长时间才能恢复至初始状态,与常规居家场景相比,洗浴过程中的浴室热湿环境偏离常规热舒适区;夏热冬冷地区居民洗浴行为受季节影响明显,淋浴水温冬季偏暖(43.3℃左右)、夏季偏凉(一般36~40℃);洗浴频次以1天1次或2天1次为主;洗浴时长夏季多为5~10 min、冬季多为10~20 min。本文还探讨了浴室环境改善措施和浴室热舒适的特殊性。

考虑应激避让行为的自行车轨迹预测

非机动车道空间受限时,常规自行车被超车场景下骑行者为确保自身安全会产生应激避让行为。为明确其在被超车时的应激反应,并根据行为特性设计非机动车道,构建一种面向应激行为分类的自行车轨迹预测模型。该模型从频域角度分解自行车被超车时的动力学特性,依据踏频值范围将避让行为分为匀速、加速和减速行为,利用鲸鱼算法改进长短期记忆神经网络模型,分别对分类后的骑行轨迹进行预测。应用所构建预测模型对西安市2415次超车事件的分析结果显示,发生冲突时选择上述3种避让行为的骑行者占比分别为11.3%、38.3%和50.4%。匀速避让的预测轨迹全程波动较小,平均横向位移为0.15 m;加速避让轨迹表现为横向位移较大,平均达0.83 m;减速行为预测轨迹平缓度介于两者之间,横向位移为0.47 m。3种预测情况下的均方根误差分别为0.0619、0.0513和0.0587,拟合优度值分别为0.9589、0.9774和0.9687。与未考虑应激行为分类的结果相比,所构建模型的预测精度分别提升了11.07%、13.22%和12.21%。

基于双注意力机制的FMCW雷达人体行为识别

为了提高调频连续波(frequency modulated continuous wave,FMCW)雷达人体行为识别的分类精度和泛化性能,提出了一种基于双注意力机制的特征融合方法。通过设置阈值,对距离-时间谱图和微多普勒谱图中的有效频谱进行提取、拼接后送入AlexNet和VGG16神经网络来提取特征;加入空间注意力和改进的通道注意力模块,丢弃冗余信息,以增强对重要信息的关注,获取更感兴趣的特征进行特征融合分类。实验结果表明,该方法对6种日常人体行为的平均识别准确率高达97.0%。

投喂频率对红鳍东方鲀生长和行为的影响

以红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)幼鱼为实验对象,研究在日投喂量相同的条件下,不同投喂频率[3次/d(F3)、4次/d(F4)和5次/d(F5)]对幼鱼生长和行为的影响。结果表明:(1)F4组幼鱼的生长性能显著高于F3和F5组(P<0.05);(2)在实验结束时,不同处理组幼鱼的游泳速度差异显著,从大到小依次为F4>F3>F5(P<0.05),F4组幼鱼的角速度显著高于F3和F5组(P<0.05),F4组幼鱼的加速度和活跃度显著低于F3和F5组(P<0.05),F3组幼鱼的对象间距离显著高于F4和F5组(P<0.05);(3)GLMMs的结果表明,F4组幼鱼的游速受到实验时间与投喂频率交互效应的影响显著(P<0.05),各处理组之间的比较结果显示,实验时间和投喂频率的交互效应对F5组幼鱼的加速度有正向效果,但其显著降低了F5组幼鱼的对象间距离。综上所述,不同投喂频率对幼鱼的生长性能和行为表现具有显著影响。实验推测4次/d的投喂频率可能改变了幼鱼的能量分配,更多的能量被用于生长和游泳,使得幼鱼的生长性能有所提高,并且增强了鱼群的整体凝聚力和稳定性。因此,建议红鳍东方鲀幼鱼的投喂频率为4次/d,并且可以将游速和对象间距等指标作为监测红鳍东方鲀摄食行为的主要参数。

低频扰动下高应力砂岩非线性动态力学响应特征

受煤矿残采区上行开采扰动影响,层间岩层在高静应力和低频扰动荷载耦合作用下的失稳是引发遗煤资源复采动力灾害的主要原因之一。为研究低频扰动荷载作用下高应力状态岩石的动态响应特征,以煤系地层砂岩为研究对象,基于自主研发的动静载耦合电液伺服试验机,开展不同幅值低频扰动荷载(5 Hz)作用下高应力砂岩(80%单轴抗压强度(UCS))动态单轴压缩试验,揭示了低频扰动下高应力砂岩的裂纹演化规律、渐进损伤行为和非线性动态响应特征。结果表明:①小幅扰动荷载作用过程中高应力状态砂岩并不会失稳,80%UCS预静载状态下诱使砂岩发生破坏的低频扰动幅值门槛值为15%UCS,在越过应力门槛值的扰动荷载作用过程中,高应力砂岩破坏前的扰动荷载循环周期数随幅值增大指数型衰减。②在砂岩内部随机分布的微裂纹萌生和渐进扩展影响下,动态割线模量、峰值应变、耗散能密度和声发射b值随扰动荷载作用时间的非线性演化特征显著。③指数型应变演化曲线在砂岩破坏前有明显的拐点,可以作为低频扰动下高应力砂岩动态破坏的前兆信息,用于相应动力灾害预警。④在越过门槛值的低频扰动荷载作用过程中,动态割线模量演化曲线近似指数型衰减,且非线性拟合参数可以用以量化割线模量劣化速率,砂岩的割线模量劣化速率随幅值线性递增非线性变化。⑤扰动荷载作用初期的上升时间和幅值的比值(RA)可以用于砂岩动态破坏超前预测,相应地,扰动荷载作用过程中RA的突增可以作为砂岩动态破坏的前兆预警信息。未越过门槛值的低频扰动荷载作用过程中,砂岩微破裂以张拉或混合破裂为主,剪切破裂占比仅为12.15%;幅值为15%UCS、20%UCS和25%UCS的扰动荷载作用过程中,剪切破裂占比分别为37.17%、52.75%和53.62%,随扰动荷载幅值增大对数型增加。

模拟直升机低频振动致大鼠腰痛模型的建立与鉴定

目的通过模拟直升机低频振动建立急性腰痛(acute low back pain,ALBP)模型,探讨陆军飞行人员急性腰痛的成因,为其发生机制和防护提供可靠的动物模型与评估手段。方法选取48只8周龄雄性SD大鼠[体质量(200±20)g],采用随机数字表法分为造模A(振动1 h)、B(振动3 h)、C(振动6 h)组和D(空白对照)组,每组12只。连续5 d将大鼠分别暴露于10 Hz的六自由度振动台1、3和6 h。在造模前和造模后第1、4、7和14天行von Frey测试、旷场实验、转棒疲劳实验、步态分析、24 h摄食量等行为学检测;光学显微镜观察多裂肌组织学变化。结果行为学结果显示,持续性低频振动暴露大鼠缩足反射阈值降低(P<0.01)、24 h摄食量减少(P<0.01)、直立次数减少(P<0.05)、转棒跌落速度降低(P<0.05)、支撑时比较缩短(P<0.05)、足印面积减小(P<0.05)、步行速度降低(P<0.05)。多裂肌组织学显示细胞水肿,肌细胞形态紊乱且大小不一,排列不均,肌间隙细胞核增多,伴有大量炎性细胞浸润、聚集。结论持续低频振动环境暴露会导致大鼠腰痛相关行为学和腰部多裂肌组织学病变。

面向加密流量的社交软件用户行为识别

随着智能终端和社交网络越来越融入人们的日常生活,针对社交软件的用户行为识别在网络管理、网络环境监管和市场调研等方面发挥越来越重要的作用.社交软件普遍使用端到端加密协议进行加密数据传输,现有方法通常提取加密数据的统计特征进行行为识别.但这些方法识别的性能不稳定且需要的数据量多,这些缺点影响了方法的实用性.提出了一种面向加密流量的社交软件用户行为识别方法.首先,从加密流量中识别出稳定的控制流数据,并提取控制服务数据分组负载长度序列.然后设计了2种神经网络模型,用于自动从控制流负载长度序列中提取特征,细粒度地识别用户行为.最后,以WhatsApp为例进行了实验,2种神经网络模型对WhatsApp用户行为的识别精准率、召回率和F1-score均超过96%.与类似工作的实验比较证明了该方法识别性能的稳定性,此外,该方法能够通过很少的控制流数据分组达到较高的识别精准率,对实时行为识别的研究具有重要的现实意义.