Maternal salinity environment affects salt tolerance during germination in Anabasis setifera： A facultative desert halophyte

The effects of maternal salinity and light incubation on the salinity tolerance of the facultative halophyte Anabasis setifera during their germination stages were assessed. Seeds were collected from non-saline habitats in Egypt and saline habitats in the United Arab Emirates （UAE）. The seeds of the two populations were germinated in 0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mM NaCI, and incubated at 25℃/15℃ in both 12-h light and 12-h darkness regimes and continuous darkness. Significantly more seeds germinated in the Egyptian population than in the UAE population. Salinity tolerance was significantly greater with the Egyptian population than with the UAE population, especially under the conditions of higher salinities. The difference in salinity tolerance between the seeds of two populations was attributed to their seed mass. In addition, germination was significantly faster for the Egyptian population than for the UAE population. Most of the saline treated seeds were able to recover their germination when transferred to distilled water, but this depended on their maternal salinity and light incubation. Recovery from higher salinities was significantly better for the seeds under darkness than for those under light in the UAE population, but the reverse was true for the seeds in the Egyptian population. The higher salinity tolerance for the A. setifera seeds from the non-saline Egyptian population and the lower salinity tolerance for the seeds from the saline UAE population cannot explain their natural distribution. Further studies about other possible roles, such as levels of different promoting and inhibiting phytohormones, are needed to understand the importance of salinity as an environmentally induced maternal effect.

A New Caffeate from the Aerial Parts of Anabasis aphylla

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Anabasis aphylla. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Spectroscopic methods such as MS and NMR spectra were used for the structural identification. Results A new caffeate ester, named eicosyl-(Z)-caffeate (1), along with fourteen known compounds was isolated from the EtOAc part. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound and compounds 2-13 are isolated from the plants of Anabasis L. for the first time.

中国假木贼属(Anabasis)的地理分布及潜在分布区预测

基于最大熵模型(MaxEnt)和地理信息系统,结合中国假木贼属(Anabasis) 7个种的地理分布记录及19个环境因子,预测这7个种的潜在分布区及该属的分布中心,并分析其主导环境因子。采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积作为模型预测准确度的衡量指标,刀切法用于评估各环境因子在决定潜在分布区时的贡献量。结果显示:(1)白垩假木贼(A.cretacea)、高枝假木贼(A.elatior)、毛足假木贼(A.eriopoda)、无叶假木贼(A.aphylla)、盐生假木贼(A.salsa)和展枝假木贼(A.truncata)的潜在适生区集中在新疆北部、天山南麓及塔里木盆地西侧,短叶假木贼(A.brevifolia)的潜在适生区在新疆、甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古的部分地区。(2)中国假木贼属的分布中心在新疆准噶尔盆地、天山南麓、塔里木盆地西侧及甘肃西北部的河西走廊。(3)在19个环境因子中,对中国假木贼属这7个种分布区预测贡献量较大的生态因子是年平均气温、最湿月降水量、最干季度平均温度、平均降水量、最冷季度降水量、年均温变化范围和最湿季度降水量。

Phytochemical characterization of polyphenolic compounds with HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS and evaluation of lipid-lowering capacity of aqueous extracts from Saharan plant Anabasis aretioides(Coss & Moq.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Objective： Anabasis aretioides （Coss ＆ Moq.）, a Saharan plant belonging to Chenopodiaceae family, is widely distributed in semi-desert areas from the Tafilalet region of Morocco. This plant is extensively used by local population against diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the aqueous A. aretioides extract on lipid metabolism in normal and strepto-zotocin （STZ）-induced diabetic rats and to identify the polyphenolic compounds present. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the aqueous A. aretioides extract was also evaluated. Methods： The effect of an aerial part aqueous extract （APAE） ofA. aretioides （5 mg/kg of lyophilized A. are-tioides APAE） on plasma lipid profile was investigated in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats （n = 6） after once daily oral administration for 15 days. The aqueous extract was tested for its 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical-scavenging activity. Polyphenolic compounds in the extracts were defini-tively characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Results： In diabetic rats, oral administration ofA. aretioides APAE provoked a significant decrease in both plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels from the first to the second week （P 〈 0.01）. A significant decrease on plasma triglyceride levels was also observed in normal rats （P 〈 0.01）, where the reduction was 53%. In addition, the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 12 polyphenolic compounds. Moreover, according to the DPPH radical-scavenging activity, the aqueous extract showed an in vitro antioxidant activity. Conclusion： Aqueous A. aretioides APAE exhibits lipid-lowering and in vitro antioxidant activities. Many polyphenols were present in this extract and these phytoconstituents may be involved in the pharmaco-logical activity of this plant.

Degradation and Detoxification of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Soils by Plant Alkaloid Anabasine

The development of a technology employing materials containing specific alkaloids from biomasses of agricultural production would be extremely beneficial and relatively inexpensive for the remediation of polluted soils and may represent a possible new industrial and commercial opportunity. We have studied detoxification and degradation of persistent chloroorganic pesticides by using plant extracts, which contained alkaloids. Reactions DDT with alkaloid Anabasine and extractive sum of alkaloids, isolated from ground up part plant Anabasis аphylla proceed more easy without solvent. It is established, that at interaction alkaloids of Anabasis aphylla with pesticide DDT occurs degradation to formation of less toxic DDE. Results the carried out researches on studying interaction sum of alkaloids, isolated from ground up part plant Anabasis Ahylla, with DDT in various ratio (1:1, 2:1, 3:1) have shown, that thus there are detoxification pesticide DDT on 35% - 45%, 75% - 80% and 80% - 85% according to formation dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and in presence humic acids the degree degradation achieves to 95% - 97%.

NAVSTAR自适应可控天线的性能仿真

导航星（NAVSTAR）全球定位系统（GPS）是美国国防部开发的一种导航系统。GPS的主要用途是为军事用户提供高精度的位置和时间数据。虽然扩频技术在GPS中的应用使其具有一定程度的抗人为干扰及非人为干扰的能力，但自适应天线的使用将使抗干扰能力有很大的提高。如果有必要通过天线来抑制干扰，那么，所用的天线与整个干扰源所在的环境有关。为了确定对抑制干扰的要求和测定自适应可控天线在电子战环境中的性能，我们开发了ANABASIS程序。本文将介绍信号传播模型和加权矢量的计算，并给出仿真结果的实例。

高枝假木贼种子低温萌发与抗氧化酶系统的关系

高枝假木贼具有胎生萌发特性，并且发生在早春。为揭示该植物在早春低温环境中胎生萌发特性，在实验控制条件下，对种子吸胀萌发过程中3种保护酶活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量进行测定，并与野外自然条件下，不同发育阶段幼苗的保护酶活性变化进行对比分析。结果显示：高枝假木贼种子吸水快，在室内5℃低温控制下6h吸水量趋于平稳。种子在低温吸胀过程中，MDA的含量较高（0．02～0．04μmol·g-1），过氧化物酶（POD）活性保持在高水平稳定状态，过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性在吸胀4h之后快速上升。随着种子萌发，不同幼苗阶段MDA含量急剧下降，维持在0．004μmol·g-1的极低水平，POD活性显著下降，SOD活性先下降后上升至幼苗3cm时达到最高，CAT活性呈缓慢上升趋势。在野外低温条件下，SOD、CAT和POD活性均显著高于5℃恒温控制下的幼苗酶活性水平。表明高枝假木贼快速吸胀萌发特性和3种保护酶在吸胀萌发不同阶段的协同作用，共同为胎生萌发在早春低温的正常生长提供保护。