Xue and Haoxue:Learning Contents and Learning Attitude in The Analects of Confucius

The Analects(Lunyu論語)is a fundamental text for understanding the teachings of Confucius and offers an extensive account of the importance and methodology of learning(xue學)in the quest to become a junzi(君子),or exemplary person.This paper explores the contents and attitudes of learning as presented in The Analects,focusing on how Confucius’disciples and subsequent generations compiled and understood his teachings.Confucius emphasized that the ultimate goal of learning is to become a junzi.The term junzi originally referred to nobles or aristocrats but was redefined by Confucius to describe anyone who cultivates themselves to achieve moral excellence and serve society effectively.In The Analects,the concept of junzi is constructed through various entries that illustrate what a junzi should and should not do,highlighting attributes such as being highly principled,disciplined,ethical,and capable.Confucius outlined specific content areas for learning that were essential for personal and social development.These included learning cultural knowledge(學文),the Book of Changes(學易),the Book of Odes(學詩),the Book of Propriety(學禮),and the Way(學道).He believed that proper behavior,such as filial piety,respect for elders,trustworthiness,and benevolence,was a prerequisite for effective learning.Through the study of these classical texts,learners could cultivate their emotions,improve their observational abilities,and enhance their social skills.In addition to content,Confucius stressed the importance of having the right attitude towards learning.He valued the enjoyment of learning(好學)and praised those who pursued knowledge with diligence and an open mind.This attitude was exemplified by his favorite disciple,Yan Hui,who was noted for his ability to learn without repeating mistakes or transferring anger to others.Confucius himself also modeled this attitude,demonstrating a lifelong commitment to learning and self-improvement.In conclusion,The Analects presents learning as a holistic process that encompasses not only the acquisition of knowledge but also the development of moral and social virtues.Confucius’teachings emphasize that through persistent and disciplined learning,individuals can achieve personal growth and contribute positively to society,embodying the qualities of a true junzi.

From“Semantic Equivalence”to“Verve Reproduction”—Exploration on Xu Yuanchong’s English Translation of the Analects

This paper focuses on the English translation of Xu Yuanchong’s Analects,explains in depth the theory of semantic equivalence and the theory of verve reproduction.It analyzes the application and integration of these two theories by Xu Yuanchong in detail.Through a comprehensive textual analysis,this paper summarizes the remarkable achievements of the English translation of the Analects,such as the accurate transmission of semantics and the vivid reproduction of cultural charm,which is expected to bring new thinking directions and valuable references to the study of the English translation of the Analects.

Interpretation and Translation:A Case Study of the Translation of“Péng(朋)”and“Yǒu(友)”in The Analects of Confucius

Lun Yu or The Analects,a masterpiece of ancient Chinese thought,contains Chinese Confucianism and the values and ways of doing things that it represents.This paper focuses on the interpretation and translation of“péng(朋)”and“yǒu(友)”in the translations by James Legge,Arthur Waley,Koo Hung-ming,and Xu Yuanchong respectively to explore the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western cultures and the concepts held by different translators in the way of conducting oneself in society.

A Comparative Study on Different Translations of“Ren(仁)”in The Ana Analects of Confucius in Chinese and Western Cultures

The concept of"ren"(仁) in The Analects of Confucius is at the core of Confucianism and has acquired rich connotations and a dis-tinguished position. Enormous differences in cultural background between the East and the West, however, result in varied under-standings of"ren". In this paper, a detailed comparison between Ku Hung-ming's translation of The Analects of Confucius andthat of James Legge's is made to analyze the the impact of different cultural background on the understanding and translation of"ren"in the relevant contexts. It is concluded that cultural difference exerts a great influence on the English versions of The Ana-lects of Confucius.

Constructing a Harmonious World——Linguistic Studies on the Analects of Confucius

Following Halliday’s view that "if a text is to be described at all,then it should be described properly;and this means by the theories and methods developed in linguistics"(Halliday,2002),we use the theoretical framework and methods developed in Systemic-Functional linguistics to explore "the socio-historical and ideological environment" for the "engendering" (ibid.) of the Analects,the particular contextual features of this great work,the hierarchical structure of Confucius’ main teachings,and also the ways of realizing his ideas in this book by the lexico-grammatical choices.We also discuss the implication and relevance of Confucianism to China and the present world.

Comparative study on the two translations of The Analects

Introduction:The Analects, recording Confucius and his disciples’ talking andteaching, was written in the period of Spring and Autumn

The Truth Cannot Departs From the Human Nature——On the Status Quo of Translation of The Analects and the Spread of the Confucianism

Confucius'doctrines had great influence on Chinese history.Han Wudi rejected other schools of thoughts but held Confucianism in esteem and so its leading position in Chinese history was established.Its influence was so extensive in China that the Analects of Confucius is indispensable even now,either for studies on Confucius himself or for studies in Chinese history.For thousands of years,Confucianism has exerted a far-reaching influence on Chinese society,culture and on the Chinese psychology.Its influence has extended abroad and Confucianism has held a leading position in the world.

A Discussion on the Pedagogical Concepts in Confucian Analects from the View of the Pedagogy of Performed Culture Approach

Confucian Analects contains many pedagogical concepts and viewpoints that have a significant influence on China’s culture and history.Many of the concepts can be interpreted and understood from the perspective of the pedagogy of Performed Culture Approach.This paper investigates the meanings of some Confucian pedagogical discussions and thoughts,such as communicating with other social members,the relationship between language and behavior,multiple procedures in learning,and how social contexts affect one’s language and performance in the Analects,which is mainly from the perspective of the relationship between language and Performed Culture Approach.

New Interpretation on“Qin Bu Shi(寝不尸)”in The Analects of Confucius

“When sacrifices are to be offered to ancestors,Shi(尸)is indispensable.This ceremonial convention has been kept intact in the dynasties of Yu,Xia,Shang and Zhou.”Shi refers to a person alive in place of the deceased to be sacrificed.Shi is required to stand in the sacrificial ceremony in Xia dynasty,which is called the standing Shi,while in dynasties of Shang and Zhou,Shi is supposed to be seated,calling the sitting Shi.The sitting posture of Shi at the sacrificial ritual then is different considerably from the way we sit on the buttocks today.Shi is expected to sit on the knees.Specifically,Shi should keep a kneeling position,with knees on the ground and buttocks on the heels whilst his head bowing and his back arching.Accordingly,Qin Bu Shi(寝不尸)in The Analects of Confucius should be interpreted as one should not bother to adopt the sitting Shi posture while retiring to bed,rather than the version,as has been annotated by Yang Bojun,“Confucius does not sleep(lying stretched out)like a dead body.”

“Filial Piety” in The Analects of Confucius and “Filial Piety” in Today’s Society

Against today’s backdrop of“filial piety”in society,the“filial piety”in the Analects of Confucius triggered heated debates.Since ancient times,“filial piety”,which is of great importance to traditional Chinese culture,has been an important part of Confucianism.“Ingratitude”will inevitably be condemned by society.But nowadays,“irrational filial piety”will turn into“foolish filial piety”.Therefore,what people should do is to carry out“rational filial piety”and carry forward Chinese traditional culture critically so as to make contribution to building a harmonious socialist society.

Pedagogical Insights Found in The Analects

This essay tries to uncover and interpret Confucius’s educational philosophy as embodied in The Analects and its implications for today’s college education in hopes that it may provide higher educational institutions and teachers with some insights into their teaching practices to help improve their teaching quality.

A Comparative Study of Classical Chinese Teaching in Junior High School about Analects of Confucius Chapter 12

“Analects of Confucius”is an important carrier of outstanding traditional culture of our country,and“The Ministry of Education”junior high school Chinese textbook seventh grade volume of the third unit of“<Analects>12 chapters”included 12 chapters as learning content.In the actual teaching,Xiao Pei-dong teacher teaching reading as self-reading,let the Analects of Confucius into the students’hearts.Mr.Xu Jie stimulates students’interest by reading Chinese teaching,teaching with culture and teaching in activities.Teacher Zhu Xingxiang guides students to use the method of mutual verification,to explore“the joy of learning”,“the joy of having friends”and“the joy of gentleman”,and to learn Confucius’s optimistic life attitude.The three teachers have different teaching methods,each with its own characteristics,but all reach the same destination,aiming at improving the core quality of students,which has important reference significance for the teaching of classical Chinese in junior high school under the new curriculum standard.

Comparative Analysis of Two Famous English Versions of Analects of Confucius

The Analects of Confucius is a great Chinese classic with far-reaching influence all over the world.There are many translation versions of it,among which Thomas Cleary’s and Arthur Waley’s translation are the most well-known.Based on careful study,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the translation versions of Cleary and Waley,mainly from two aspects:the translation of key words and the translation of special sentence patterns and rhetoric.After a detailed comparative analysis of some typical examples,it is concluded that:Cleary’s translation is easy for western readers to understand because many culture-specific items are deleted.And Waley’s translation tries to be faithful to the style of the original text,thus building a bridge for western scholars to study Confucius.

A Comparison of Confucian Analects Translated by James Legge and Bur ton Watson

Confucian Analects is one of the most important ancient Chinese classics,attracting various scholars to study and trans late it throughout history.Here I extract the translation versions of James Legge and Burton Watson of chapter 1.Raised by Hans J.Vermeer,skopos theory determines the translation strategies that are used in the translation;so this paper will briefly analyze the two translations’features from the perspective of domestication and foreignization under different translation goals.

On Translation of Ren in The Analects in Terms of Cultural Translation Theory

In 1980’s,the famous translator and scholar Bassnett proposes a new translation theory,namely cultural translation the ory,in which Bassnett insists that culture should be taken as the basic unit of translation,which attracts the attentions all over the world.In the thesis,the translation of Ren,one of the main ideas of Confucianism,will be discussed from the perspective of Bassnett’s cultural translation theory.Ren,the essence of The Analects,also the symbol of Chinese traditional culture,is endowed with profound connotation and important status.There are more and more translations of Ren in contemporary era.After com paring different kinds of translation and cultural translation theory,the most proper way of doing it may be transliterating it to Ren.

The Filial Piety Thought in The Analects and Its Implications for the Filial Culture Education in Rural Areas of China

The Analects is the source of Confucian culture,and filial piety is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation.The filial piety thought contained in The Analects is profound and concrete.From the macroscopic perspective,it is embodied in the filial piety and loyalty;from the perspective of family filial piety,it manifests itself as the four aspects of the individual s support,respect,courtesy and loyalty to parents.Through the in-depth interpretation of the filial piety in The Analects,and combination of the issues of endowment,education,empty nesters and left-behind children in rural areas,this paper explored its value in the individual,family and social construction.

On the Divergence of Piety in Chinese and Western Culture: A Case Study on Euthyphro and The Analects

Piety culture can be traced back to thousands years ago both in Chinese and western cultures.In the classic works Euthyphro and The Analects,piety has different connotations.In the paper,a comparative study on piety between Chinese and western culture is conducted with the exploration and comparison between the origins of piety in different cultures,and the analysis of different parent-child relationships under different piety cultures.It is concluded that both piety culture of China and western countries should be given due attention and respect.

The ＂Gongfu Finger＂ and Leaming in the Analects

After having discussed three main features of Ni Peimin＇s understanding of the gongfu orientation in reading the Analects, this essay examines the first of the key terms in the whole of the book, i.e., xue/＂learning＂ （学） and critically elaborates how our understanding of Confucius could be deepened and enriched under the guidance of this new orientation which Ni calls the ＂gongfu finger.＂

The Wisdom of Administration in The Analects

The basic spirit of administration in The Analects includes the five following aspects： the wisdom of administration regarding humanity as the foundation; the wisdom of leadership with primary virtue; the wisdom of conducting business with righteousness; the wisdom of harmonious organization; and the wisdom of coordination with the mean. Relative to modern Western rational spirit of scientific management, Confucian management focuses on exploring the humanities and shaping human nature, and this has a unique value for contemporary management activities.

Attitudinal Resources and Elicitors of Identii cation in The Analects

Though The Analects is considered one of the major classics of both Confucianism and Chinese culture,little work has been done in investigating the discursive and rhetorical elements of the text and the ways in which it seeks to create a positive perception of Confucius and Confucianism.Based on the Appraisal Theory developed in systemic-functional linguistics for studying interpersonal meaning,this paper focuses on the role of the kinds of attitude constructed and features of attitudinal resources used to determine how Confucius and Confucianism are projected into the text.Drawing on a detailed analysis of 10 texts,the paper explores the ways in which attitudinal resources work as elicitors of identification in The Analects.The study shows that all of the selected texts are rich in attitudinal resources,although the three attitude values,i.e.affect,judgment,and appreciation,are not equally distributed.The resources of judgment in the texts make up 57%of the total,while the frequencies of occurrence for affect and appreciation make up the remainder almost equivalently.The qualitative analysis of the corpus demonstrates how features of attitudes are used to create a positive image of Confucianism and thus achieve reader identif ication.The study provides a strong argument for the need to examine varieties of attitudes as components of rhetoric and suggests that those interested in the study of The Analects need to become more aware of how aspects of attitude and appraisal were used to accomplish rhetorical goals.