Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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骨痛灵酊联合体外冲击波治疗网球肘的疗效观察

目的:探讨骨痛灵酊联合体外冲击波治疗网球肘的疗效。方法:2022年1月—2022年12月网球肘90例患者,比对组45例:应用体外冲击波治疗;干预组45例:采用体外冲击波联合骨痛灵酊治疗;比较不同方案的治疗效果差异性。结果:干预组患者在治疗有效度为97.78%,高于比对组的82.22%(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者在疼痛与肘关节功能互比,无差异性(P>0.05)。治疗后,干预组患者疼痛评分低于比对组,肘关节功能评分高于比对组,(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的日常生活质量评分互比,无差异性(P>0.05);治疗后,干预组患者在生活质量评分高于比对组,有差异性(P<0.05)。结论:骨痛灵酊联合体外冲击波治疗网球肘效果确切,缓解疼痛、改善肘关节功能,可满足临床治疗需求,值得推广。

The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

氯胺酮超前镇痛对术后自控镇痛效果和应激反应的影响

目的 :观察氯胺酮超前镇痛对下腹部手术患者围术期应激反应及自控镇痛效果的影响。方法 :4 5例子宫肌瘤患者均于硬膜外麻醉行全子宫切除术 ,随机分为 3组 ,即 组 :对照组 ,术前不施行超前镇痛 ; 组 :切皮前 30 m in静脉注入氯胺酮 0 .2 mg· kg- 1 ; 组 :切皮前 30 min将氯胺酮 30 mg加入实验剂量 (2 %利多卡因4或 5 m L)中注入硬膜外腔。 3组术后均连接 Graseby930 0镇痛泵行患者自控硬腺外镇痛 (PCEA) ,镇痛药物为0 .2 %罗哌卡因加 5 0 m g· L- 1吗啡。分别于术前、术后第 1、 2天晨抽取静脉血 ,采用改良荧光法测定血浆肾上腺素 (E)和去甲肾上腺素 (NE) ,用放射免疫法检测血清皮质醇水平 ,并于术后不同时间点观察视觉模拟 (VAS)评分、镇痛泵首次触发时间、吗啡消耗量、有效触发次数以及术后恶心、呕吐和皮肤瘙痒的发生率。结果 :从术后 4 h至 4 8h3组患者的 VAS评分均升高 , 、 、 组之间差异无显著性 , 、 两组 PCEA泵首次触发时间明显延长 ,镇痛期内按压次数、吗啡总消耗量、不良反应发生率明显减少。 组术后 E及 NE水平均高于术前 , 、 组术后第 1天 E、 NE水平均高于术前 ,第 2天 E、 NE水平与术前无差别 ,与 组术后第 2天相比差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论

艾叶不同组分发挥镇痛作用的安全范围研究

目的明确艾叶发挥镇痛作用的物质基础和剂量范围，确定相应的安全范围，为临床用药提供依据。方法采用热板法进行艾叶水提组分和挥发油小鼠镇痛作用考察，采用经典的急性毒性方法进行小鼠毒性数据考察，并通过Bliss法计算相关指标。结果艾叶水提组分和挥发油发挥镇痛作用的的半数有效量（ED印）分别为2．0978g·kg-1·d-1、0．302mL·kg-1·d-1（折合生药量为39．7g·kg-1·d-1）ED50 95％可信区间为（1．5555-2．7917）g·kg-1·d-1、（0．213～0．429）mL·kg-1·d-1折合生药量为（28．0～56．4）g·kg-1·d-1。艾叶水提组分小鼠镇痛作用的治疗指数（TI）为38．2、安全系数（SF）为10．9，其ED50和LD5分别相当于药典规定的人日用量的46．40和505．60倍。艾叶挥发油的TI为5．53、SF为1．06，其ED50和LD5分别相当于药典规定的人日用量的1086．70和1151．60倍。结论艾叶水提组分和挥发油均是其镇痛物质基础，发挥镇痛作用的剂量范围分别为（1．5555-2．7917）g·kg-1·d-1、（28．0-56．5）g·kg-1·d-1，明确了水提组分较挥发油对小鼠热刺激的反应更灵敏，治疗效果更佳，挥发油较水提组分安全范围较窄、安全性低。

骨痛灵软膏镇痛作用的药理研究

目的 :观察骨痛灵软膏 (GTL O)的镇痛作用及对血液黏度的影响。方法 :通过小鼠扭体法致痛、热板法致痛、大鼠辐射热照射法致痛试验及急性血瘀模型大鼠血液黏度试验 ,对 GTL O的镇痛和改善血液黏度作用进行药理研究。结果 :GTL O对小鼠扭体法及热板法致痛 ,大鼠辐射热照射法致痛均具有明显抑制作用 ,并能明显降低急性血瘀模型大鼠的血浆黏度。结论 :GTL O对多种疼痛模型均具有明显的抑制作用 。

湿热环境下密闭性功能敷料护理伤口对β-内啡肽的影响

目的观察湿热环境下的伤口经密闭性功能敷料处理后血浆β-内啡肽(β-EP)的变化。方法模拟湿热环境,建立猪创伤模型,以密闭性功能敷料处理后,测定各时间段血浆β-EP含量、呼吸频率及心率值并与未采用敷料的对照组进行比较。结果实验组的血浆β-EP含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且热暴露8 h和损伤后24 h与伤前无统计学意义(P>0.05)。热暴露时,实验组的呼吸频率及心率值变化幅度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论该敷料具有抑制血浆β-EP的高峰值及呼吸和心率的增加幅度。

月舒滴丸对实验性痛经模型的药效学研究

目的观察月舒滴丸对小鼠、大鼠实验性痛经模型的治疗作用。方法动物分组给药或造模后,分别采用热刺激致小鼠疼痛实验,二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验,痛经模型小鼠扭体反应实验和大鼠离体子宫实验的方法。结果月舒滴丸对小鼠热刺激疼痛可提高其痛阈,对二甲苯致耳廓肿胀可降低其肿胀度,对缩宫素致小鼠扭体反应有抑制作用,对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩有抑制作用。结论月舒滴丸对子宫的收缩具有明显的缓解作用,同时具有良好的镇痛、抗炎作用。

经皮椎体成形术治疗疼痛性骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效及其止痛机制

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗疼痛性骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效及其止痛机制.方法 选取浙江省绍兴第二医院2014年5月-2016年5月收治的疼痛性骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者80例,随机将这些患者分为经皮椎体成形术组（40例）和保守治疗组（40例）2组,对2组患者的临床疗效、VAS评分和ODI评分进行统计分析.结果 经皮椎体成形术组患者治疗的总有效率95.0%（38/40）,显著高于保守治疗组75.0%（30/40）（P〈0.05）;2组患者治疗后的VAS评分和ODI评分均显著低于治疗前（P〈0.05）;治疗前2组患者的VAS评分、ODI评分之间的差异无统计学意义,治疗后经皮椎体成形术组患者的VAS评分、ODI评分均显著低于保守治疗组（P〈0.05）.结论 经皮椎体成形术治疗疼痛性骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效较保守治疗显著,具有更好的止痛效果.

麝香祛痛气雾剂治疗急性软组织损伤临床研究

为评价麝香祛痛气雾剂治疗急性软组织损伤的有效性和安全性,采用单盲法、随机平行对照、多中心临床试验方法。将440例纳入病例分为试验组314例,用麝香祛痛气雾剂治疗;对照组105例,用对照药物治疗。结果两组性别、年龄、部位、受伤时间、中医证型分布均有可比性。试验组总显效率79.3%,对照组67.6%,试验组疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。均无不良反应发生。表明麝香祛痛气雾剂安全性高,临床疗效确切。