Structural Variation between the Western and Eastern Kuqa Fold-and-thrust Belt,China:Insights from Seismic Interpretation and Analog Modeling

The Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt exhibits apparent structural variation in the western and eastern zone.Two salt layer act as effective decollements and influence the varied deformation.In this study,detailed seismic interpretations and analog modeling are presented to construct the suprasalt and subsalt structures in the transfer zone of the middle Kuqa and investigate the influence of the two salt layers.The results reveal that the relationship of the two salt layers changes from separated to connected,and then overlapped toward the foreland in the transfer zone.Different structural models are formed in the suprasalt and subsalt units due to the interaction of the two salt layers.The imbricate thrust faults form two broom-like fault systems in the subsalt units.The suprasalt units develop detached folds terminating toward the east in the region near the orogenic belt.Whereas,two offset anticlines with different trends develop at the frontal edge of the lower salt layer and the trailing edge of the upper salt layer,respectively.According to exploration results in this region,the relationship between suprasalt and subsalt structures has an influence on hydrocarbon accumulation.We believe that the connected deformation contains high-risk plays while the decoupled deformation contains well-preserved plays.

Analog modeling of sand slope stability with different precipitation conditions

Water–sand flow triggered by rainfall is the dominant mechanism for instability and failure of sand slopes. To further analyze the stability state of sand on a slope under different rainfall conditions, the initiation conditions and flow characteristics of water–sand flows are studied. Based on the theory of equilibrium forces and hydrological dynamics, a 1:100-scale analog model is built and verified with field observation data. The results indicate three dynamic stabilization stages of the sand slope under different weather conditions: dry sand, wet sand, and water–sand flow. Water–sand flows are triggered easily under short duration and heavy rainfall conditions. The rainfall threshold required to initiate water–sand flow is 4.14 mm/h. Rainfall amount and duration required to initiate water–sand flow decrease with fine sand content increasing. A sand head that develops at the front of the water–sand flow results in a flow along the edge of the sand debris flow and a "tree root'' flow morphology. Modeling results are consistent with theoretical analysis and field observations.

The tectonic fracture modeling of an ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir based on an outcrop analogy: A case study in the Wangyao Oilfield of Ordos Basin, China

Due to inherent limits of data acquisition and geophysical data resolution, there are large uncertainties in the characterization of subsurface fractures. However, outcrop analogies can provide qualitative and quantitative information on a large number of fractures, based on which the accuracy of subsurface fracture characterization can be improved. Here we take the tectonic fracture modeling of an ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir based on an outcrop analogy, a case study of the Chang611 Formation of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Group of the Wangyao Oilfield in the Ordos Basin of China. An outcrop at the edge of the basin is a suitable analog for the reservoir, but the prerequisite is that they must have equivalent previous stress fields, similar final structural characteristics, relative timing and an identical depositional environment and diagenesis. The relationship among fracture density, rock type and bed thickness based on the outcrop is one of the most important fracture distribution models, and can be used to interpret fracture density in individual wells quantitatively. Fracture orientation, dip, geometry and scale, also should be described and measured in the outcrop, and can be used together with structure restoration and single well fracture density interpretation to guide fracture intensity prediction on bed surfaces and to constrain the construction of the 3D fracture geometry model of the subsurface reservoir. The application of the above principles shows the outcrop-based tectonic fracture models of the target ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir are consistent with fractures inferred from microseismic interpretation and tracer tests. This illustrated that the fracture modeling based on the outcrop analogy is reliable and can reduce the uncertainty in stochastic fracture modeling.

基于AQUATOX模拟的小球藻处理水产养殖废水试验

目的 为实现低碳快捷处理水产养殖废水,探究利用小球藻处理废水的最优方案。方法 以某鲅鱼养殖基地水体为对象,利用AQUATOX软件建立水生态环境模型,根据不同的水产养殖废水浓度、水力停留时间和流量建立5个试验组,稀释后投加5 mg/L的小球藻藻种,模拟分析小球藻的处理效果,并将结果与实测数据进行对比。结果 投加小球藻的最适比例为:ρ(小球藻)∶ρ(TN)∶ρ(NH_(3)-N)∶ρ(TP)∶ρ(CODcr)=1∶16.8∶3.2∶0.8∶40;最适投加比例的小球藻对废水中的TN、TP、NH_(3)-N、CODCr的处理效率分别达到了73%、72.5%、94%、75%;藻生物量也达到了初始值的26倍。结论 应用AQUATOX模型可以快速实现小球藻处理水产养殖废水方案优化,TN、TP、NH_(3)-N和CODcr质量浓度模拟结果的平均相对误差分别为0.32%、2.52%、4.83%和0.10%。

交通运输行业碳排放自然达峰特征与峰值预测研究

交通运输行业碳排放达峰是一项长期的自然演变过程。为研究中国交通运输行业碳达峰进程,本文首先采用国际类比法,选取国外典型国家,对比国家总体碳排放量、交通运输行业碳排放量以及换算周转量三者峰值出现的时间,分析交通运输行业碳排放的自然达峰特征,结合交通需求预测,预判中国交通运输行业碳排放自然达峰时间。然后,引入单位换算周转量碳排放量、铁路公路货运比等核心影响因素,构建交通运输碳排放STIRPAT(Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology)预测模型。最后,通过类比分析与模型预测,得到中国交通运输行业碳达峰时间及峰值排放量。国际类比结果表明:交通运输行业碳达峰与国家碳达峰之间没有明确的因果关系,但与换算周转量达峰紧密相关,交通运输行业碳排放达峰时换算周转量达峰或接近峰值;预测中国换算周转量在2048年左右达到26万亿吨公里的平台期,从国际类比的角度判断,中国交通运输行业实现碳排放自然达峰时间约在2040—2043年。STIRPAT模型显示:城镇化率、人均GDP、单位换算周转量碳排放量、铁路公路货运比每增加1%,中国交通运输行业碳排放量将分别增加1.201%、0.259%、0.454%、-0.389%。基于国际类比与STIRPAT模型组合预测判断,中国交通运输行业将在2038—2040年实现碳排放达峰,峰值排放量约为13亿t。

基于创新实践型人才培养的全周期实验教学模式研究——以“模拟电子技术实验”课程为例

实验教学是工科专业课程体系的重要组成部分,在培养学生的实践创新能力方面具有重要作用。基于创新实践型人才培养,研究全周期实验教学模式的构建,以“模拟电子技术实验”课程为例,构建从电子元器件认知到系统设计应用的全周期实验教学模式,促使学生从电子元器件认知到系统应用、虚拟实验到现实实验、基础验证到综合设计等全过程、多层次地参与实践与创新,全面提升学生的工程实践和创新能力,为培养卓越工程科技人才打下牢固基础。

近红外光谱结合SIMCA算法对舍饲和放养牦牛的鉴别研究

为保护牦牛肉在市场中的独特性和真实性,维护消费者的合法权益,本研究以近红外光谱技术(near infrared spectroscopy, NIR)对不同饲养模式的牦牛肉样品在全波近红外Whole-NIR(400~2 500 nm)光谱范围内结合簇类独立软模式法(Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogies, SIMCA)建立模型来判别牦牛肉舍饲和放养来源的可行性。结果表明:在Whole-NIR(400~2 500 nm)光谱范围内原始光谱差异不明显,当因子数为5时预测误差平方加和(PRESS)趋于平稳,最终无限趋近于0,NIR结合SIMCA模式识别方法得到Q-T2分布图,类与类之间界限明显,能够将牦牛肉样品按照不同饲养模式分开聚类,模型性能优良,预测准确率高达100%。综上所述,利用NIR结合SIMCA可实现对不同饲养模式牦牛肉真实性进行鉴别的目的。

基于Model Chemlab的实验室仿真模拟

计算机作为一种现代化工具在日常生活及科研工作中得到了越来越广泛的应用,为我们提供了极大的方便和快捷。Model Chemlab是一款计算机模拟化学实验的软件,预先内置了一些常用的大学水平化学实验,并可通过自带的LabWizard开发工具在原有基础上开发新的实验项目,具有较高的自主性,可以满足不同使用者的需求。通过交互式仿真技术直观的展现实验过程和结论;同时对于危险性高或费用高及耗时长的实验可以很好地起到辅助作用。

面向大数据平台调度优化的通信网络故障诊断

针对通信网络故障诊断能力滞后,导致网络通信瘫痪,致使消息滞后等问题,提出通信网络故障识别系统,采用数字模拟技术和生成对抗网络算法(GAN)的优化组合来分析系统中实时存在的网络故障状况,利用数字模拟技术对真实物理数据进行交互,对通信网络数据进行虚拟化数据建模,将所获取的网络运行数据利用GAN算法进行分析处理,从而达到对网络进行故障识别的目的。试验结果表明,通过该系统技术检测出的数据精准度高达91.75%以上,表明该研究在通信网络故障识别的正确性。

外周血神经丝蛋白轻链多肽含量与神经压迫性疼痛程度相关性研究

目的探讨外周血神经丝蛋白轻链多肽(Nefl)水平与神经根性颈椎病(CSR)疼痛程度的相关性,并评估其是否可作为CSR进展的生物标志物。方法健康SD大鼠18只,随机数字表法分为2组,Sham组(9只)和大鼠坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤模型(CCI)组(9只)。Sham组暴露坐骨神经后缝合皮肤,CCI组暴露坐骨神经后先环扎再缝合皮肤;于术前,术后1、3、7、14 d采用电子测痛仪检测2组大鼠机械缩足反应阈值(MWT);并采集外周血进行定量蛋白质组分析,采用ELISA方法检测Nefl蛋白表达水平。将80例CSR患者作为研究组,同期体检的24例健康人群作为对照组,收集疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)结果,采用ELISA方法检测外周血Nefl蛋白表达;Spearman秩相关系数法评价外周血Nefl表达水平随疼痛程度的变化规律。结果CCI组大鼠术前,术后1、3、7、14 dMWT持续下降;3、7、14 d时MWT显著低于Sham组(P<0.01);TMT标记定量蛋白质组分析显示Nefl蛋白表达显著上调,Log(foldchange)=1.14,P<0.05;CCI组大鼠术前,术后1、3、7、14 d外周血Nefl蛋白表达量持续上升,Sham组3、7、14 d逐渐下降,MWT与大鼠外周血Nefl蛋白表达量呈负相关(r=-0.662,P<0.01)。CSR患者外周血Nefl表达显著高于健康人群(P<0.01),VAS为8分患者显著高于VAS为6分的患者(P<0.01),VAS与外周血Nefl呈正相关(r=0.41,P<0.01)。结论CCI模型大鼠和CSR患者外周血Nefl表达显著增加,且与疼痛程度相关,Nefl可作为临床上CSR病情进展评估的生物标志物。

基于数值模型的气动噪声预测计算方法研究

本文介绍了气动噪声预测的计算方法及相应的数值仿真模型,其中包括计算气动声学方法(Computational Aero-Acousti)、莱特希尔声类比方法(Lighthill’s Acoustic Analogy)以及混合计算方法。气动噪声预测的关键点在于选择合适的计算方法。本文详细介绍了这些方法的原理和适用范围,特别对ANSYS Fluent中的四种噪声算法进行分析。在具体的算法介绍中,详细探讨了FW-H声学比拟法和宽频噪声声源模型。FW-H声学比拟法通过结合CFD方法和声学类比理论,能够精确预测气动噪声的辐射特性,适用于解决飞行器绕流引起的远场气动噪声分析。通过结合数值模拟和声学理论,宽频噪声声源模型能够提供更精确、更灵活的噪声预测方法。尤其适用于分析流体场壁面的噪声强度分布。论文详细介绍了这些模型的原理、实现方法以及在ANSYS Fluent中的应用,为噪声场的计算与优化提供了思路与指导。

Isomerization of n-pentane catalyzed by amide-AlCl3-based ionic liquid analogs with various additives

The isomerization of n-pentane to generate high-quality blending components for clean gasoline was catalyzed by several amide-AlCl3-based ionic liquid(IL) analogs with various amides as donor molecules. The catalytic performance of these IL analogs was evaluated in a magnetic agitated autoclave operated in batch mode.IL analog based n-methylacetamide(NMA)-AlCl3 with the amide/AlCl3 molar ratio of 0.65 showed excellent performance toward n-pentane isomerization because 0.65 NMA-1.0 AlCl3 had a low viscosity and bidentate coordination structure. The influences of reaction time, reaction temperature, and stirring speed on the catalytic performance were also investigated. Optimal reaction conditions comprised the reaction time of 1 h, the reaction temperature of 40 °C, and the stirring speed of 1500 r·min-1. Under optimal condition, the n-C5 conversion,research octane number(RON) increment, total liquids yield, and isoparaffin yield in isomerized oil were56.80%, 13.51, 89.90 wt%, and 44.32 wt%, respectively. A new mathematical model was constructed to predict the relationships among RON increment, RON increment/n-C5 conversion ratio, and n-C5 conversion. The new model indicated that an appropriate conversion per pass of n-C5 did not exceed 50%–55%. Various cycloparaffin additives were used to improve the catalytic performance of 0.65 NMA-1.0 AlCl3. The n-C5 conversion increased from 56.80% to 67.32%. The RON increment, total liquids yield, and isoparaffin yield reached 17.83, 97.36 wt%,and 63.74 wt%, respectively.

A gravity similitude model for studying steep rock slopes

A method of a large experimental model coupled with a smaller one and an equivalent replacement method are adopted to study the deformation and the failure mechanism of a steep rock slope, in order to solve the difficult problems in space gravity similitude of the experimental model on steep rock slope with weak layers. The experimental results on the Lianziya Precipice of the Yangtze Three Gorges are in general agreement with the field observations. The experimental method adopted is proved to be successful in molding the complex geological condition especially with the weak layers.

基于Modelica的虚拟远程实验室

为了弥补传统实验教学模式的不足,介绍一种使用新型的、面向对象的多领域统一建模语言Modelica进行建模及仿真的电工电子虚拟远程实验室,并详述了其架构及远程实验的操作流程。构建两个子系统——模电实验系统及吹摆控制实验系统。通过调用Modelica标准模型库,实现了模电实验系统的建模;根据模块化建模的思想,对吹摆控制实验系统进行系统分解,利用Modelica编写每个模块的仿真模型,建立了可扩展的系统模型库,并基于该模型库实现了吹摆系统的构建。将两个子系统放在虚拟实验平台上仿真,仿真结果符合理论推算。

Integrated systemic inflammatory response syndrome epidemic model in scale-free networks

Based on the scale-free network,an integrated systemic inflammatory response syndrome model with artificial immunity,a feedback mechanism,crowd density and the moving activities of an individual can be built.The effects of these factors on the spreading process are investigated through the model.The research results show that the artificial immunity can reduce the stable infection ratio and enhance the spreading threshold of the system.The feedback mechanism can only reduce the stable infection ratio of system,but cannot affect the spreading threshold of the system.The bigger the crowd density is,the higher the infection ratio of the system is and the smaller the spreading threshold is.In addition,the simulations show that the individual movement can enhance the stable infection ratio of the system only under the condition that the spreading rate is high,however,individual movement will reduce the stable infection ratio of the system.

Symbolic Macromodeling for Statistical Simulation of Operational Amplifiers

ymbolic circuit simulator is traditionally applied to the small-signal analysis of analog circuits.This paper establishes a symbolic behavioral macromodeling method applicable to both small-signal and large-signal analysis of general two-stage operational amplifiers(op-amps).The proposed method creates a two-pole parametric macromodel whose parameters are analytical functions of the circuit element parameters generated by a symbolic circuit simulator.A moment matching technique is used in deriving the analytical model parameter.The created parametric behavioral model can be used for op-amps performance simulation in both frequency and time domains.In particular,the parametric models are highly suited for fast statistical simulation of op-amps in the time-domain.Experiment results show that the statistical distributions of the op-amp slew and settling time characterized by the proposed model agree well with the transistor-level results in addition to achieving significant speedup.

水电工程施工安全隐患文本智能类推研究

水电工程施工安全隐患治理不断向信息化与智能化转型。为高效挖掘大规模非结构化的安全隐患文本数据,提出融合案例推理与深度学习的水电工程施工安全隐患文本智能类推方法,辅助隐患治理方案的制订,提高隐患治理效率。首先,柔性化处理案例数据,用框架法表示案例并建立隐患案例库;其次,从案例推理技术视角出发,构建隐患治理方案类推框架;最后,融合Word2vec模型优化检索过程,将隐患文本转化为词向量并计算相似度。以某水电站2016—2020年记录的3160条安全隐患信息为数据源,经实例验证,该类推方法综合准确率达0.867,表明隐患文本智能类推方法有助于管理人员及时对隐患进行整改,能够有效指导水电工程安全施工及安全管理。

Analysis of a Pull-Apart Basin and Its Associated Fractures in the Woodford Shale, Central Oklahoma

Pull-apart basins are faulting and folding zones with high intensity of fractures that strongly affect the production in unconventional shale gas. While most observations of pull-apart basins were from surface mapping or laboratory experiments, we investigated a nascent pull-apart basin in the subsurface. We characterized a nascent pull-apart basin along the strike-slip fault within the Woodford Shale by using seismic attributes analyses, including coherence, dip-azimuth, and curvature. The results indicate a 32 km long, N-S striking strike-slip fault that displays a distinct but young pull-apart basin, which is ~1.6 km by 3.2 km in size and is bounded by two quasi-circular faults. The curvature attribute map reveals two quasi-circular folds, which depart from the main strike-slip fault at ~25°, resulting in an elliptical basin. Inside the basin, a series of echelon quasi-circular normal faults step into the bottom of the basin with ~80 m of total subsidence. We propose that the controls of the shape of pull-apart basin are the brittleness of the shale, and we suggest proper seismic attributes as a useful tool for investigating high fracture intensity in the subsurface for hydrofracturing and horizontal drilling within the shale.