Diagnostic efficacy of virtual organ computer-assisted analysis in measuring the volume ratio of subchorionic hematoma with serum progesterone

BACKGROUND Subchorionic hematoma(SCH)is a common complication in early pregnancy characterized by the accumulation of blood between the uterine wall and the chorionic membrane.SCH can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage,preterm birth,and other complications.Early detection and accurate assessment of SCH are crucial for appropriate management and improved pregnancy outcomes.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of virtual organ computer-assisted analysis(VOCAL)in measuring the volume ratio of SCH to gestational sac(GS)combined with serum progesterone on early pregnancy outcomes in patients with SCH.METHODS A total of 153 patients with SCH in their first-trimester pregnancies between 6 and 11 wk were enrolled.All patients were followed up until a gestational age of 20 wk.The parameters of transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound,including the circumference of SCH(Cs),surface area of SCH(Ss),circumference of GS(Cg),and surface area of GS(Sg),and the parameters of VOCAL with transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound,including the three-dimensional volume of SCH(3DVs)and GS(3DVg),were recorded.The size of the SCH and its ratio to the GS size(Cs/Cg,Ss/Sg,3DVs/3DVg)were recorded and compared.RESULTS Compared with those in the normal pregnancy group,the adverse pregnancy group had higher Cs/Cg,Ss/Sg,and 3DVs/3DVg ratios(P<0.05).When 3DVs/3DVg was 0.220,the highest predictive performance predicted adverse pregnancy outcomes,resulting in an AUC of 0.767,and the sensitivity,specificity were 70.2%,75%respectively.VOCAL measuring 3DVs/3DVg combined with serum progesterone gave a diagnostic AUC of 0.824 for early pregnancy outcome in SCH patients,with a high sensitivity of 82.1%and a specificity of 72.1%,which showed a significant difference between AUC.CONCLUSION VOCAL-measured 3DVs/3DVg effectively quantifies the severity of SCH,while combined serum progesterone better predicts adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Exergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles with Zeotropic Working Fluids

Waste heat recovery is one of the possible solutions to improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines.Instead of wasting the exhaust stream of an energy conversion system into the environment,its residual energy content can be usefully recovered,for example in Organic Rankine Cycles(ORC).This technology has been largely consolidated in stationary power plants but not yet for mobile applications,such as road transport,due to the limitations in the layout and to the constraints on the size and weight of the ORC system.An ORC system installed on the exhaust line of a bus powered by a natural gas spark ignition engine has been investigated.The thermal power available at engine exhaust has been evaluated by measuring gas temperature and mass flow rate during real driving operation.The waste thermal power has been considered as heat input for the ORC plant simulation.A detailed heat exchanger model has been developed because it is a crucial component for the ORC performance.The exergy analysis of the ORC was performed comparing different working fluids:R601,R1233zd(E)and two zeotropic blends of the two organic pure fluids.The model allowed the evaluation of the ORC produced energy over the driving cycle and the potential benefit on the engine efficiency.

Analysis and Pollution Assessment on the Dissolved Organic Matter in the Sediment of Hydro-fluctuation Belt(Yunyang Part)

By using the ultraviolet absorption spectrum,the fluorescence spectrum and three dimensional fluorescence spectra,the composition of dissolved organic matter(DOM) and the humification degree,etc.in the sediment of hydro-fluctuation belt(Yunyang part) were analyzed.The relationship between the test parameters and the pollution degree in the region was discussed.The research results of UV spectrum data E3/E4 showed that in 4 sampling sites which included Huangshi Town,Gaoyang Town,Shuangjiang Town and Quma Town,the humification degree in the sediment of hydro-fluctuation belt in Shuangjiang Town sampling site was lower,and the aromaticity was smaller.Moreover,the effect of human factor was comparatively smaller.The fluorescence index value which represented the source of humus in DOM was 1.62-1.88.It showed that the biological and terrestrial source both existed.Three dimensional spectra results showed that the pollution degrees in 4 sampling sites were all smaller,and some prevention measures should be taken early.

Modern approaches for detection of volatile organic compounds in metabolic studies focusing on pathogenic bacteria:Current state of the art

Pathogenic microorganisms produce numerous metabolites,including volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Monitoring these metabolites in biological matrices(e.g.,urine,blood,or breath)can reveal the presence of specific microorganisms,enabling the early diagnosis of infections and the timely implementation of tar-geted therapy.However,complex matrices only contain trace levels of VOCs,and their constituent com-ponents can hinder determination of these compounds.Therefore,modern analytical techniques enabling the non-invasive identification and precise quantification of microbial VOCs are needed.In this paper,we discuss bacterial VOC analysis under in vitro conditions,in animal models and disease diagnosis in humans,including techniques for offline and online analysis in clinical settings.We also consider the advantages and limitations of novel microextraction techniques used to prepare biological samples for VOC analysis,in addition to reviewing current clinical studies on bacterial volatilomes that address inter-species in-teractions,the kinetics of VOC metabolism,and species-and drug-resistance specificity.

Dynamic Analysis on Organic Matter and Nitrogen Pollution of Dongchang Lake

The aim was to explore dynamic changes of organic matter and nitrogen pol ution in Dongchang Lake. [Method] Monitoring data, including BOD5, CODCr, NH3-N and TN, of Dongchang Lake were chosen for analysis during 2002-2011. [Result] Water quality of the six lake districts showed deteriorating in monitor-ing period, and TN was the dominant pol ution factor; BOD5/CODCr ratio was low, suggesting biodegradability of organic pol utant in the lake was lower. NH3/TN ratio was higher, indicating NH3-N was a major factor causing nitrogen exceeding in 2010. In addition, correlations between BOD5 and CODCr and between NH3-N and TN in the lake districts maintained at a significant level. [Conclusion] The research provides references for improving water in Dongchang Lake.

Impact of transparent exopolymer particles on the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon in the Amundsen Sea,Antarctica

The Southern Ocean is an important carbon sink pool and plays a critical role in the global carbon cycling.The Amundsen Sea was reported to be highly productive in inshore area in the Southern Ocean.In order to investigate the influence of transparent exopolymer particles(TEP)on the behavior of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in this region,a comprehensive study was conducted,encompassing both open water areas and highly productive polynyas.It was found that microbial heterotrophic metabolism is the primary process responsible for the production of humic-like fluorescent components in the open ocean.The relationship between apparent oxygen utilization and the two humic-like components can be accurately described by a power-law function,with a conversion rate consistent with that observed globally.The presence of TEP was found to have little impact on this process.Additionally,the study revealed the accumulation of DOC at the sea surface in the Amundsen Sea Polynya,suggesting that TEP may play a critical role in this phenomenon.These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics and surface accumulation of DOC in the Amundsen Sea Polynya,and provide valuable insights into the carbon cycle in this region.

Validation and Scenario Analysis of a Soil Organic Carbon Model

A model developed by the authors was validated against independent data sets. The data sets were obtained from field experiments of crop residue decomposition and a 7-year soil improvement in Yixing City, Jiangsu Province. Model validation indicated that soil organic carbon dynamics can be simulated from the weather variables of temperature, sunlight and precipitation, soil clay content and bulk density, grain yield of previous crops, qualities and quantities of the added organic matter. Model simulation in general a-greed with the measurements. The comparison between computed and measured resulted in correlation coefficient γ2 values of 0.9291* * * (n= 48) and 0.6431* * (n = 65) for the two experiments, respectively. Model prediction under three scenarios of no additional organic matter input, with an annual incorporation of rice and wheat straw at rates of 6.75t/ha and 9.0t/ha suggested that the soil organic carbon in Wanshi Township of Yixing City would be from an initial value of 7.85g/kg in 1983 to 6.30g/kg, 11.42g/kg and 13g/kg in 2014, respectively. Consequently, total nitrogen content of the soil was predicted to be respectively 0.49g/kg, 0.89g/kg and 1.01g/kg under the three scenarios.

Multivariate analysis of fluorescence and source identification of dissolved organic matter in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis （PCA） methods were used to assess the similarities and dissimilarities of the entire Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy （EEMs） data sets of samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay, China. The results demonstrate that multivariate analysis facilitates the complex data treatment and spectral sorting processes, and also enhances the probability to reveal otherwise hidden information concerning the chemical characteristics of the dissolved organic matter （DOM）. The distribution of different water samples as revealed by multivariate results has been used to track the movement of DOM material in the study area, and the interpretation is supported by the results obtained from the numerical simulation model of substance tracing technique, which show that the substance discharged by Haibo River can be distributed in Jiaozhou Bay.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of various organic extracts of Merremia borneensis from Sabah

Objective:To analyse the chemical composition of different extracts of Merremia borneensis(M. borneensis) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Methods:The dried leaves powder was extracted with methanol at room temperature by using Soxhlet extractor.Methanol crude extracts of M.borneensis were extrastel with hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate and butanol. Results:Qualitative analyses of various organic crude extracts showed that majority of these are flavonoids,terpeniods,alkaloids and glycosides.Most of the identified compounds by GCMS are biologically important.Further the M.borneensii leaf possesses certain characteristics that can be ascribed to cultivation on a domestic plantation.Conclusions:The suitable extracts for respective compounds can be chosen on the basis of above GC-MS analysis.All the major compounds from different extracts are biologically active molecules.Thus the identification of a good number of compounds from various extracts M.borneensis might have some ecological significance.

Performance comparison and analysis of a combined power and cooling system based on organic Rankine cycle

A novel power and cooling system combined system which coupled organic Rankine cycle(ORC) with vapor compression refrigeration cycle(VCRC) was proposed. R245 fa and butane were selected as the working fluid for the power and refrigeration cycle, respectively. A performance comparison and analysis for the combined system was presented. The results show that dual-pressure ORC-VCRC system can achieve an increase of 7.1% in thermal efficiency and 6.7% in exergy efficiency than that of basic ORC-VCRC. Intermediate pressure is a key parameter to both net power and exergy efficiency of dual-pressure ORC-VCRC system. Combined system can produce maximum net power and exergy efficiency at 0.85 MPa for intermediate pressure and 2.4 MPa for high pressure, respectively. However, superheated temperature at expander inlet has little impact on the two indicators. It can achieve higher overall COP, net power and exergy efficiency at smaller difference between condensation temperature and evaporation temperature of VCRC.

Evaluation of Dissolved Organic Carbon Using Synchronized Fluorescence Emission Spectra and Unsupervised Method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA)

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be originated from autochthonous or allochthonous sources, where allochthonous DOM can be from pedogenic sources (humic substances—HSs) or anthropogenicsources (wastewater). The analysis of fluorescence emission, excitation, synchronous or excitation-emission matrix (EEM) have been used to identify the main source or probable contribution of dissolved compounds, such as humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from sewage, but does not quantify. Fluorescence emission is a powerful technique to detect and qualify organic dissolved compounds but fails in quantitative aspects. In this work, we propose an in situ method for direct determination of DOC using synchronous fluorescence spectra with independent component analysis (ICA). Well known standard solutions were used for method development and validation. In this work, we show that it is possible to predict the number of independent contributions using an unsupervised method based on iterative Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis (PCA-ICA) approach over combined matrix results. Within these results it’s also possible to see that with a very small amount of independent components it is possible to describe environmental samples of HA, FA and primary productivity (PP).

Thermal Analysis of Organic Light Emitting Diodes Based on Basic Heat Transfer Theory

We investigate the thermal characteristics of standard organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） using a simple and clear 1D thermal model based on the basic heat transfer theory. The thermal model can accurately estimate the device temperature, which is linearly with electrical input power. The simulation results show that there is almost no temperature gradient within the OLED device working under steady state conditions. Furthermore, thermal analysis simulation results show that the surface properties （convective heat transfer coetficient and surface emissivity） of the substrate or cathode can significantly affect the temperature distribution of the OLED.

Analysis of vapor phase organics in air of Beijing, Langfang and Tianjin by capillary GC and GC/MS

The vapor phase organics (VPOs) in the air of Beijing, Langfang and Tianjin were detected by a capillary gas chromatography and GC/MS during the winter and the summer separately. The tentatively identified compounds include alkanes, cyclic hydrocarbons, alkenes, aromatics, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, halocarbons and so on. The numbers of VPOs found are 118 in Beijing, 83 in Lang-fang and 65 in Tianjin in the winter, and 56, 39 and 72 in the summer respectively. Based on the data of some representative compounds determined quantitatively by GC and GC/MS, a profile of organic pollution in the air of the three cities is presented.

Lifetime prediction and failure analysis of organic coatings by EIS

Organic coatings are widely used to control the corrosion of steel structure. The anticorrosive property of these coatings depends on their barrier properties, making a separation between the corrosive medium and the substrate. But unavoidable completely small pores, cracks and other defects in organic coatings may cause ions, water, gases, and other corrosive species penetrate and distribute in the coatings, causing accumulation and swelling of coatings, so leading to the degradation of coatings. In addition, water affects the permeation of oxygen and other corrosive medium, consequently the presence of such substances at coating-metal interface promotes corrosion of metal substrate. So the absorbability of the coatings to water may be one of the most important factors in undercoating corrosion. In recent years, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been established and frequently used as a non-destructive testing method for assessing the performance of organic coatings, especially for the determination of the water content in organic coatings, since the capacitance of the coatings is sensitive to the penetration of water. So from EIS it can extract a wealth of information on the electrochemical corrosion of coated steels, especially, it can be utilized to assess organic coatings used under particular surroundings. The principle, methods and application of EIS on evaluating life-span and analyzing failure mechanism of organic coatings are also introduced briefly. Combining other analysis techniques such as XRD, SEM and FTIR with electrochemical technique, it will blaze a way in studying degradation mechanism of organic coatings and estimating their lifetime.

Soil Chemical Analysis of Kazi and Kazi Organic Tea Garden and Compared to Ordinary Tea Gardens of Bangladesh

Tea is grown in Bangladesh under marginal climatic and soil conditions. Its production is greatly influenced by many physical, chemical, biological and natural factors. The increasing land use intensity without adequate and balanced use of chemical fertilizers and with little or no use of organic manure has caused severe fertility deterioration of our soils resulting in stagnating or even declining of crop productivity. The need of the hour is to achieve substantially higher crop yield than the present yield levels from our limited land resources on a sustainable basis. A feasibility study was carried out of one and only organic tea garden namely Kazi & Kazi Tea Estate at Panchaghar and compared to ordinary tea gardens located at Sylhet namely Zareen Tea Estate, Nurjahan Tea Estate and Malnichara Tea Estate as secondary data to investigate the fertility status of soil. Results of the present study showed that soil solutions were acidic in nature in all seasons. Medium to high soil organic matter, medium to high available iron and phosphorous, and low availability of potash showed that soils were not sufficiently fertile for crop production. Student t-test values of all the parameters with control sample showed statistically significant results for SOM and available P. The critical values have been fixed at 0.1% for N and 1% for OM, 10 μg/g for P, 80 μg/g for K, 25 μg/g for Mg, 90 μg/g for Ca, 2 μg/g for Zn and 20 μg/g for S. The nutrient status is much higher in Kazi & Kazi organic tea estate in compared to other ordinary tea estates in Bangladesh.

Study on the Characteristic Organic Compounds in Red Tide by Factor Analysis Method

Factor analysis is used to study the organic compounds that have high degree of correlation with biomass in algal blooming. Based on this correlation, they are named characteristic organic compounds. The compounds found are sequalene (SQU), cedrol (CED), 2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1, 4-dione, 2, 6-bis(1, 1-dimthylethyl ) (PBQ), phenol, 2, 6-bis (1, 1-dimethylethy-4-methyl) (BHT), 3-t-butyl-4- hydroxyanisole ( BHA ), 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylie acid, bis-( 2-methyl propyl ) ester (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DNBP), respectively. Monitoring the variations of concentration of these characteristic organic compounds in seawater may provide scientific basis for studying and forecasting red tides.

TOC estimation from logging data using principal component analysis

Total organic carbon(TOC)content is one of the most important parameters for characterizing the quality of source rocks and assessing the hydrocarbon-generating potential of shales.The Lucaogou Formation shale reservoirs in the Jimusaer Sag,Junggar Basin,NW China,is characterized by extremely complex lithology and a wide variety of mineral compositions with source rocks mainly consisting of carbonaceous mudstone and dolomitic mudstone.The logging responses of organic matter in the shale reservoirs is quite different from those in conventional reservoirs.Analyses show that the traditional△logR method is not suitable for evaluating the TOC content in the study area.Analysis of the sensitivity characteristics of TOC content to well logs reveals that the TOC content has good correlation with the separation degree of porosity logs.After a dimension reduction processing by the principal component analysis technology,the principal components are determined through correlation analysis of porosity logs.The results show that the TOC values obtained by the new method are in good agreement with that measured by core analysis.The average absolute error of the new method is only 0.555,much less when compared with 1.222 of using traditional△logR method.The proposed method can be used to produce more accurate TOC estimates,thus providing a reliable basis for source rock mapping.

Network analysis using organizational risk analyzer

The tool system of the organizational risk analyzer (ORA) to study the network of East Turkistan terrorists is selected. The model of the relationships among its personnel, knowledge, resources and task entities is represented by the meta-matrix in ORA, with which to analyze the risks and vulnerabilities of organizational structure quantitatively, and obtain the last vulnerabilities and risks of the organization. Case study in this system shows that it should be a shortcut to destroy effectively the network of terrorists by recognizing the caucus persons of the terrorism organization for the first and eliminating them when strikes the terror organization. It is vital to ensure effective use of the resources and control the risks of terrorist attacks.

Supply of terrigenous organic matter from tidal flat to the marine environment:An example of neritic source rocks in the Eocene Pinghu Formation,Xihu Depression,East China Sea Shelf Basin

The terrigenously-dominated marine shales which were deposited in the lower Eocene Pinghu Formation were thought to be a potential source rock in the Xihu Depression of the East China Sea Shelf Basin.However,the exceptionally high total organic carbon content(TOC,>6%on average)of the tidal sand ridge samples was not compatible with their sedimentary environment,indicating coal-bearing sedimentary debris may have been transferred from the coast to the ocean.In this study,new sights into the origins and supply of organic materials in the coastal environment were proposed in the neritic organic matter of the Eocene Pinghu Formation.A discriminant model was developed using plynofacies analysis data to pinpoint the source of organic materials in marine source rocks.The discrimination results suggested that marine mudstones were associated with tidal flat mudstones rather than deltaic ones.The biomarker characteristics of mudstones deposited in various environments support this assertion,indicating that the supply of plant materials in tidal flats is the primary organic matter source for the marine environment.The organic matter abundance was elevated in tidal flats due to their superior preservation conditions.Additionally,the lithological assemblage of tidal flats suggests that tidal currents can scour marshes and then transport dispersed terrigenous organic materials to neritic areas.These findings indicate that coal-bearing sedimentary debris was likely transferred from the coast to the ocean,and tidal currents are thought to be the dominant mechanism driving organic matter from the tidal to the marine environment.

Prognostic Factors of Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database Analysis

Objective We aimed to identify new,more accurate risk factors of liver transplantation for liver cancer through using the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database.Methods Using the SEER database,we identified patients that had undergone surgical resection for non-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and subsequent liver transplantation between 2010 and 2017.Overall survival(OS)was estimated using Kaplan-Meier plotter.Cox proportional hazards regression modelling was used to identify factors independently associated with recurrent disease[presented as adjusted hazard ratios(HR)with 95%CIs].Results Totally,1530 eligible patients were included in the analysis.There were significant differences in ethnicity(P=0.04),cancer stage(P<0.001),vascular invasion(P<0.001)and gall bladder involvement(P<0.001)between the groups that survived,died due to cancer,or died due to other causes.In the Cox regression model,there were no significant differences in OS at 5 years with different operative strategies(autotransplantation versus allotransplantation),nor at survival at 1 year with neoadjuvant radiotherapy.However,neoadjuvant radiotherapy did appear to improve survival at both 3 years(HR:0.540,95%CI:0.326–0.896,P=0.017)and 5 years(HR:0.338,95%CI:0.153–0.747,P=0.007)from diagnosis.Conclusion This study demonstrated differences in patient characteristics between prognostic groups after liver resection and transplantation for HCC.These criteria can be used to inform patient selection and consent in this setting.Preoperative radiotherapy may improve long-term survival post-transplantation.